网络之数据解析

 
(一)
解析: 从事先规定好的格式中提取数据;

前提:提前约定好格式,数据提供方按照格式提供数据,数据获取方则按照格式获取数据.

常见的解析:XML  JSON.




前四个页面.当点击页面时触发效果.所以代码写在touchsBegan中



//第五个页面(viewController) : 


(二)XML 数据结构   (主要用于天气预报)

XML: Extensible Markup language (可扩展标记语言);可用来存储和传输数据;

功能:数据交换   ,,   内容管理   ,,  用作配置文件

语法:
(1) 声明
(2) 节点使用一对标签表示: 起始和结束标签.
(3) 根节点是起始节点,只有一个,节点可以嵌套.
(4) 节点可以有值,存储在一对标签中.

示例:
<student>
     <name>王大</name>
     <age>22</age>
</student>




(三) : 进行XML解析时使用到的SAX工具;
SAX: Simple API for XML .基于事件驱动的解析方式, 逐行解析数据. (采用协议回调机制)

(1) NSXMLParser 是IOS自带的XML解析类.采用SAX方式解析数据..
(2) 解析过程由NSXMLParserDelegate协议方式回调
(3) 解析过程 : 开始标签->取值->结束标签.




(四) : 进行XML解析时使用到的DOM工具



(五)JOSN数据结构
百度 : 在线代码格式化
JSON (javaScript Object Notation) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式.



JOSN数据结构的功能:
(1) : 数据交换
(2) : 内容管理
(3) : 配置文件



(六) 优缺比较
XML 


JSON













上代码:

AppDelegate.m
 self.window = [[UIWindow alloc]initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];

    self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

    

    ViewController *firstVC = [[ViewController alloc] init];

    firstVC.title  = @"1";

    

    SecondViewController *secondVC = [[SecondViewController alloc] init];

    secondVC.title = @"2";

    

    ThirdViewController *thirdVC = [[ThirdViewController alloc] init];

    thirdVC.title = @"3";

    

    FourViewController *fourVC = [[FourViewController alloc] init];

    fourVC.title = @"4";

    

    FifthViewController *fifthVC = [[FifthViewController alloc] init];

    fifthVC.title = @"5";

    

    UITabBarController *tabBarVC = [[UITabBarController alloc] init];

    tabBarVC.viewControllers = @[firstVC, secondVC, thirdVC, fourVC, fifthVC];

    

    //设置TabBar上字体的大小和颜色.

    NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:[UIColor cyanColor],UITextAttributeTextColor,[UIFont systemFontOfSize:30] ,UITextAttributeFont, nil];

    [[UITabBarItem appearance]setTitleTextAttributes:dic forState:(UIControlStateNormal)];

        self.window.rootViewController = tabBarVC;

  (1).XML之SAM工具
Student.h
 @interface Student : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *gender;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *hobby;

@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;

 Student.m
@implementation Student

//使用KVC时要用

- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key

{

}

ViewController.m
#import "ViewController.h"

#import "Student.h"



//NSXMLParserDelegate 协议 , 是IOS中使用系统的SAX解析使用的协议.

@interface ViewController () <NSXMLParserDelegate>

//数据源数组

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *dataArray;

//当前解析的标签

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *currentElement;

@end

@implementation ViewController



- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

     self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

}



-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

{

    //[NSBundle mainBundle]代表的是左边那个文件夹栏.

    //pathForResource:@"文件名" ofType:@"文件格式"].

    // 获取XML_stu.txt文件的路径

    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"XML_stu" ofType:@"txt"];

    // 通过文件路径 , 创建一个NSData对象

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];

    // SAX解析使用的类.

    NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:data];

    // 指定代理人

    parser.delegate = self;

    //开始解析

    [parser parse];

}

//开始解析文档


-(void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser

{

#warning 初始化数据源数组 

    self.dataArray = [NSMutableArray array];

}



//检测到开始标签

//一参: 类

//二参: elementName  标签的名字

//以下三个  基本不会使用到 , 所以基本为 nil

//三参: 节点里面的命名空间 (xmlns)

//四参: qName

//五参: attrubuteDict 标签的属性

-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName attributes:(NSDictionary<NSString *,NSString *> *)attributeDict

{

#warning 给currentElement赋值.

#warning 如果标签的名字是student, 则表示 要创建一个model, 并添加到数据源数组里面

    

    self.currentElement = elementName;

    

    if ([self.currentElement isEqualToString:@"student"]) {

        Student *student = [Student new];

        [self.dataArray addObject:student];

            }

    //NSLog(@"element ==== %@", elementName);

}

//检测到标签中的值


//一参: 类parser

//二参: 值string

-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string

{

#warning 将检测到的值,存入model的具体属性

//#warning 给哪个属性赋值?

//#warning 给哪个model赋值?  数组最后一个model赋值

    Student *student = self.dataArray.lastObject;

    [student setValue:string forKey:self.currentElement];



   // NSLog(@"string ==== %@", string);

}



// 检测到结束标签

-(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName

{

    //NSLog(@"endElement ==== %@", elementName);

    self.currentElement = nil;

}



//结束解析文档

-(void)parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser

{

    for (Student *model in self.dataArray) {

        NSLog(@"姓名%@ 性别%@ 爱好%@ 享年%ld岁", model.name, model.gender, model.hobby, model.age);

    }

}


XML之DOM




下面那两个后边有-fno-onjc-arc的,与拉进来的文件有关.

 

-fno-onjc-arc作用:
告诉系统 在MRC情况下,使用arc,,系统就不要管了.

Student.h
 @interface Student : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *gender;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *hobby;

@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;

 Student.m

@implementation Student

//使用KVC时要用

- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key

{

}

SecondViewController.m

#import "SecondViewController.h"

#import "GDataXMLNode.h"

#import "Student.h"



@interface SecondViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *dataArray;

@end

@implementation SecondViewController



- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];

}



-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

{

    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"XML_stu" ofType:@"txt"];

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];

    NSError *error = nil;

    

    self.dataArray = [NSMutableArray array];

    

    // GDataXMLDocument  XML中DOM解析的类

    // 一参: 解析的data对象

    // 二参: 一般是0

    // 三参: error信息

    GDataXMLDocument *document = [[GDataXMLDocument alloc]initWithData:data options:0 error:&error];

    // 获取XML数据的根节点

    //获取到根节点里面所有的东西, 也就是说, 获取到students里面包含的所有东西

    GDataXMLElement *rootElement = [document rootElement];

    

    //NSLog(@"rootElement ==== %@", rootElement);

    

    for (GDataXMLElement *subElement in rootElement.children) {

        //这里获取到的subElement保存的是student标签里的内容, 所以在这里创建对象

        Student *student = [Student new];

        for (GDataXMLElement *element in subElement.children) {

            //NSLog(@"%@", element);

            //element 保存的就是student 标签的所有子标签.

            //根据标签的名字给属性赋值.

            // element.name 表示标签的名字

            // element.stringValue 表示标签的值.

            

            if ([element.name isEqualToString:@"name"])

            {

                student.name = element.stringValue;

            }

            if ([element.name isEqualToString:@"gender"])

            {

                student.gender = element.stringValue;

            }

            if ([element.name isEqualToString:@"hobby"])

            {

                student.hobby = element.stringValue;

            }

            if ([element.name isEqualToString:@"age"])

            {

                student.age = [element.stringValue intValue];

            }
         }

        [self.dataArray addObject:student];

    }

    for (Student *stu in self.dataArray) {

        NSLog (@"%@ %@ %@ %ld", stu.name, stu.gender, stu.hobby, stu.age);

    }

}


JSON之NSJSONSerialization
ThirdViewController.m
#import "ThirdViewController.h"

@interface ThirdViewController ()

@end

@implementation ThirdViewController



- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];

}



-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

{

    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"JSON_stu" ofType:@"txt"];

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];

    /*

     NSJSONReadingMutableContainers = (1UL << 0) //返回一个数组或者字典

     NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves = (1UL << 1)     //返回一个字符串

     NSJSONReadingAllowFragments = (1UL << 2)    //返回一个任意类型对象

    */

    NSArray *array = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];

        NSLog(@"array ==== %@", array);

    

    for (NSDictionary *dic in array) {

        NSLog(@"dic ==== %@", [dic objectForKey:@"content"]);

    }

}

JSON之JSONKit
FourViewController.m

#import "FourViewController.h"

#import "JSONKit.h"       /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////注意这里.  notice  here.

@interface FourViewController ()

@end

@implementation FourViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];

}



-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event

{

    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"JSON_stu" ofType:@"txt"];

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];

    // 将JSON数据转化成需要的格式.

    NSArray *array = [data objectFromJSONData];

    

    NSLog(@"array === %@", array);

}


JSON之NSJSONSerialization  带tableView



最外层是"[ ]"是数组.然后是" { } "是字典.再是数组,再是字典 
FifthViewController.m

#import "FifthViewController.h"



@interface FifthViewController ()<UITableViewDataSource,UITableViewDelegate>

@property (nonatomic, strong) UITableView *tableView;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *dataArray;

@end

@implementation FifthViewController



- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

   

    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"movie" ofType:@"txt"];

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];

    NSArray *array = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];

    self.dataArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

    NSLog(@"%@",self.dataArray);

    

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];

    self.tableView = [[UITableView alloc]initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];

    self.tableView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

    [self.view addSubview:self.tableView];

    self.tableView.dataSource = self;

    self.tableView.delegate = self;

    [self.tableView registerClass:[UITableViewCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:@"CELL"];

    

}



-(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section

{

    NSArray *array = [self.dataArray[section]objectForKey:@"data"];

    return array.count;

}

-(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView

{

    return self.dataArray.count;

}

//头标题  (显示 "热门电影 和 热门综艺 "八个字的作用)

- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section

{

    NSString *string = [self.dataArray[section]objectForKey:@"title"];

    return string;

}



-(UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath

{

    UITableViewCell * cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"CELL"];



    NSDictionary *dic = self.dataArray[indexPath.section];

    

    NSArray *arr = [dic objectForKey:@"data"];

    

    NSDictionary *dic1 = [arr objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

    

    cell.textLabel.text = [dic1 objectForKey:@"title"];

        return cell;

}


JSON之NSJSONSerialization  带tableView



最外层是" { } "是字典.再是数组,再是字典,与上面的相比少了一层.
 
#import "ViewController.h"



@interface ViewController ()<UITableViewDataSource,UITableViewDelegate>

@property (nonatomic, strong) UITableView *tableView;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSDictionary *dictionary;

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *array;

@end



@implementation ViewController



- (void)viewDidLoad {

    [super viewDidLoad];

   

    NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"MovieList" ofType:@"txt"];

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];

    NSDictionary *dic = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingAllowFragments error:nil];

    

    

    self.dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic];

    NSLog(@"%@", self.dictionary);

    //tableView的行数与数组去对应.所以这里写一个数组去接受字典;为了方便设置行数.由于在上面设置属性了,所以下面解析的时候也可以直接通过self调用.

    self.array = [self.dictionary objectForKey:@"result"];

    

    

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];

    self.tableView = [[UITableView alloc]initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];

    self.tableView.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

    [self.view addSubview:self.tableView];

    self.tableView.delegate = self;

    self.tableView.dataSource = self;

    

    [self.tableView registerClass:[UITableViewCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:@"cell"];

    

}

-(NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section

{

    //tableView.

    return self.array.count;



}

-(NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView

{

    return 1;

}

-(UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath

{

    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"cell"];

    NSDictionary * dic1 = [self.array objectAtIndex:indexPath.row];

    

    cell.textLabel.text = [dic1 objectForKey:@"movieName"];

       return cell;

}