实验4 类的组合、继承、模板类、标准库

任务二:

GradeCalc.hpp

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <vector>
  3 #include <string>
  4 #include <algorithm>
  5 #include <numeric>        //数值计算函数 
  6 #include <iomanip>        //格式化输出 
  7 
  8 using std::vector;
  9 using std::string;
 10 using std::cin;
 11 using std::cout;
 12 using std::endl;
 13 
 14 class GradeCalc: public vector<int> {
 15 public:
 16     GradeCalc(const string &cname,int size);
 17     void input();                            //录入成绩 
 18     void output() const;                    //输出成绩 
 19     void sort(bool ascending = false);        //排序(默认降序) 
 20     int min() const;                        //返回最低分 
 21     int max() const;                        //返回最低分 
 22     float average() const;                    //返回平均分 
 23     void info();                            //输出课程成绩信息 
 24 
 25 private:
 26     void compute();        //成绩统计 
 27     
 28 private:
 29     string course_name;        //课程名
 30     int n;                    //课程人数 
 31     vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5,0);        //保存各分数段人数  5个0 
 32     vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5,0);    //保存各分数段比列  
 33 };
 34 
 35 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname,int size): course_name{cname},n{size} {}
 36 
 37 void GradeCalc::input() {
 38     int grade;
 39     
 40     for(int i = 0;i < n; ++i) {
 41         cin>>grade;
 42         this->push_back(grade);
 43     }
 44 } 
 45 
 46 void GradeCalc::output() const {
 47     for(auto ptr = this->begin();ptr != this->end(); ++ptr)
 48         cout << *ptr << " ";
 49     cout << endl;
 50 }
 51 
 52 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 
 53     if(ascending)
 54         std::sort(this->begin(),this->end());
 55     else
 56         std::sort(this->begin(),this->end(),std::greater<int>());
 57 }
 58 
 59 int GradeCalc::min() const {
 60     return *std::min_element(this->begin(),this->end());
 61 }
 62 
 63 int GradeCalc::max() const {
 64     return *std::max_element(this->begin(),this->end());
 65 }
 66 
 67 float GradeCalc::average() const {
 68     return std::accumulate(this->begin(),this->end(),0)*1.0/n;
 69 }
 70 
 71 void GradeCalc::compute() {
 72     for(int grade: *this) {
 73         if(grade < 60)
 74             counts.at(0)++;
 75         else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
 76             counts.at(1)++;
 77         else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
 78             counts.at(2)++;
 79         else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
 80             counts.at(3)++;
 81         else
 82             counts.at(4)++;
 83     }
 84     
 85     for(int i = 0;i < rates.size(); ++i )
 86         rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n;
 87 }
 88 
 89 void GradeCalc::info() {
 90     cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl;
 91     cout << "排序后成绩: \t";
 92     sort(); output();
 93     cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl;
 94     cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl;
 95     cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl;
 96 
 97     compute(); // 统计各分数段人数,比例
 98     
 99     vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)","[90, 100]"};
100     for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i)
101         cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 
102              << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" <<endl;
103 }
GradeCalc.hpp

task2.cpp

 1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp"
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 
 4 void test() {
 5     int n;
 6     cout << "输入班级人数:";
 7     cin >> n;
 8     
 9     GradeCalc c1("OOP",n);
10     
11     cout << "输入成绩:" << endl;
12     c1.input();
13     cout << "输出成绩:" << endl;
14     c1.output();
15     
16     cout << string(20,'*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20,'*') << endl;
17     c1.info();   
18 }
19 
20 int main() {
21     test();
22 }
task2.cpp

运行结果:

 

 

问题 1:

成绩存储位置:

在派生类GradeCalc的定义中,成绩存储在从基类vector<int>继承而来的对象中。

对于sort、min、max、average和output方法,访问成绩的接口都是通过继承自vector<int>的迭代器相关接口来访问每个成绩的。

input 方法存入数据的接口:通过cin >> grade从标准输入读取一个成绩值,然后使用this->push_back(grade)将读取到的成绩存入继承自vector<int>的对象中。push_back是vector类提供的成员函数。

问题 2:

line68 分母的功能:

除以总人数n,就可以得到平均成绩。

去掉乘以 1.0 的影响:

原因:

如果去掉乘以1.0,当进行整数除法时,如果两个操作数都是整数类型(如这里的counts.at(i)和n在没有乘以1.0时都是整数类型),那么除法运算的结果会向下取整为一个整数。而乘以1.0会将其中一个操作数转换为浮点数类型,这样整个除法运算就会按照浮点数除法进行,得到的结果就是正确的带有小数部分的比例值,能够准确地反映各分数段人数在总人数中的占比情况。

问题 3:

1输入数据的合法性检查,错误处理机制:应对于可能出现的输入输出错误,及特殊情况,如缺考

2课程人数的动态调整:

3)引入更多数值以供更全面展示成绩情况,如中位数,方差

 

任务三:

GradeCalc.hpp

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <vector>
  3 #include <string>
  4 #include <algorithm>
  5 #include <numeric>
  6 #include <iomanip>
  7 
  8 using std::vector;
  9 using std::string;
 10 using std::cin;
 11 using std::cout;
 12 using std::endl;
 13 
 14 class GradeCalc {
 15 public:
 16     GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size);      
 17     void input();                             // 录入成绩
 18     void output() const;                      // 输出成绩
 19     void sort(bool ascending = false);        // 排序 (默认降序)
 20     int min() const;                          // 返回最低分
 21     int max() const;                          // 返回最高分
 22     float average() const;                    // 返回平均分
 23     void info();                              // 输出课程成绩信息 
 24 
 25 private:
 26     void compute();     // 成绩统计
 27 
 28 private:
 29     string course_name;     // 课程名
 30     int n;                  // 课程人数
 31     vector<int> grades;     // 课程成绩
 32     vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0);      // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100]
 33     vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 
 34 };
 35 
 36 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {}   
 37 
 38 void GradeCalc::input() {
 39     int grade;
 40 
 41     for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
 42         cin >> grade;
 43         grades.push_back(grade);
 44     } 
 45 }  
 46 
 47 void GradeCalc::output() const {
 48     for(int grade: grades)
 49         cout << grade << " ";
 50     cout << endl;
 51 } 
 52 
 53 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) {
 54     if(ascending)
 55         std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end());
 56     else
 57         std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>());
 58         
 59 }  
 60 
 61 int GradeCalc::min() const {
 62     return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end());
 63 }  
 64 
 65 int GradeCalc::max() const {
 66     return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end());
 67 }    
 68 
 69 float GradeCalc::average() const {
 70     return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n;
 71 }   
 72 
 73 void GradeCalc::compute() {
 74     for(int grade: grades) {
 75         if(grade < 60)
 76             counts.at(0)++;
 77         else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
 78             counts.at(1)++;
 79         else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
 80             counts.at(2)++;
 81         else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
 82             counts.at(3)++;
 83         else if(grade >= 90)
 84             counts.at(4)++;
 85     }
 86 
 87     for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i)
 88         rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n;
 89 }
 90 
 91 void GradeCalc::info()  {
 92     cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl;
 93     cout << "排序后成绩: \t";
 94     sort();  output();
 95     cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl;
 96     cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl;
 97     cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl;
 98     
 99     compute();  // 统计各分数段人数、比例
100 
101     vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60)  ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"};
102     for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i)
103         cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 
104              << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 
105 } 
GradeCalc.hpp

task3.cpp

 1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp"
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 
 4 void test() {
 5     int n;
 6     cout << "输入班级人数: ";
 7     cin >> n;
 8 
 9     GradeCalc c1("OOP", n);
10 
11     cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;;
12     c1.input();
13     cout << "输出成绩: " << endl;
14     c1.output();
15 
16     cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息"  + string(20, '*') << endl;
17     c1.info();
18 }
19 
20 int main() {
21     test();
22 }
task3.cpp

运行结果:

 

 

问题1:

成绩存储位置:在组合类GradeCalc的定义中,成绩存储在vector<int>类型的成员变量grades中。

对于sort、min、max、average和output这些方法,它们都是通过grades成员变量提供的迭代器相关接口来访问每个成绩的。

与实验任务 2 在代码写法细节上的差别:

   1成绩存储方式:

    在实验二的代码中,GradeCalc类是继承自vector<int>,成绩直接存储在继承而来的基类对象中。而在实验三的代码中,GradeCalc类采用组合的方式,通过定义一个独立的vector<int>成员变量grades来存储成绩。

   2访问成绩的方式:

   在实验二基于继承的代码中,是通过继承自vector<int>的迭代器相关接口(如this->begin()和this->end())来访问成绩。而在实验三基于组合的代码中,则是通过grades成员变量自身提供的迭代器相关接口(如grades.begin()和grades.end())来访问成绩。

问题 2:

1. 类的设计与职责

在实验二中,GradeCalc类继承自std::vector<int>,这在某种程度上简化了实现,因为它直接复用了一些容器的功能。然而,这种设计方式也让GradeCalc类的职责变得模糊。它同时承担了数据存储和成绩计算的责任,这违反了“单一职责原则”。通过继承,GradeCalc看起来像是一个特殊的vector,虽然在某些情况下可以减少代码量,但最终可能导致代码的可读性和可维护性降低。

在实验三中,GradeCalc不再继承std::vector<int>,而是将grades作为一个私有成员变量来管理。这种设计显著提高了类的清晰度。GradeCalc负责成绩的存储与计算,两者职责分离,更符合OOP中的封装原则。

2. 数据封装与信息隐藏

实验三在数据封装方面做得更好。grades、counts和rates等成员变量都是私有的。这样做不仅保护了数据的完整性,同时也能通过公共接口(input, output, info等)提供对数据的控制访问。在实验二中,虽然接口大致相同,但由于继承特性,外部代码对成绩的直接操作可能会破坏数据的一致性,例如直接通过基类进行排序而不经过任何数据验证。

3. 灵活性与可扩展性

在实验三的设计中,如果未来需要对成绩计算或数据存储实现新的功能时,可以在GradeCalc类中轻松扩展,而不需要去考虑对基类std::vector<int>的修改。这样,一旦有需求变化,修改的风险度和复杂性都会降低。

4. 组合优于继承

这种实践表明,常常使用组合而非继承来建立类之间的关系,能够使代码更加灵活且易于维护。在OOP设计中,总是要考虑类的构成,只选取必要的功能来降低复杂性。

 

任务四:

task4_1.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <limits>
 4 
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 void test1() {
 8     string s1, s2;
 9     cin >> s1 >> s2;  // cin: 从输入流读取字符串, 碰到空白符(空格/回车/Tab)即结束
10     cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
11     cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
12 }
13 
14 void test2() {
15     string s1, s2;
16     getline(cin, s1);  // getline(): 从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到换行符
17     getline(cin, s2);
18     cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
19     cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
20 }
21 
22 void test3() {
23     string s1, s2;
24     getline(cin, s1, ' '); //从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到指定分隔符
25     getline(cin, s2);
26     cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
27     cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
28 }
29 
30 int main() {
31     cout << "测试1: 使用标准输入流对象cin输入字符串" << endl;
32     test1();
33     cout << endl;
34 
35     cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');
36 
37     cout << "测试2: 使用函数getline()输入字符串" << endl;
38     test2();
39     cout << endl;
40 
41     cout << "测试3: 使用函数getline()输入字符串, 指定字符串分隔符" << endl;
42     test3();
43 }
task4_1.cpp

运行结果:

去掉task4_1.cpp的line35,重新编译、运行,此时运行结果截图:

line35的作用是清除输入流中可能残留的换行符。如果不清除输入流中残留的\n,getline函数会读取到这个残留的换行符,导致它认为用户输入了一个空行,从而可能无法正确获取用户期望输入的内容。

task4_2.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <limits>
 5 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) {
 9     for(auto &s: v)
10         cout << s << endl;
11 }
12 
13 void test() {
14     int n;
15     while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) {
16         vector<string> v1;
17 
18         for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
19             string s;
20             cin >> s;
21             v1.push_back(s);
22         }
23 
24         cout << "output v1: " << endl;
25         output(v1); 
26         cout << endl;
27     }
28 }
29 
30 int main() {
31     cout << "测试: 使用cin多组输入字符串" << endl;
32     test();
33 }
task4_2.cpp

运行结果:

task4_3.cpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <limits>
 5 
 6 using namespace std;
 7 
 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) {
 9     for(auto &s: v)
10         cout << s << endl;
11 }
12 
13 void test() {
14     int n;
15     while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) {
16        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');
17 
18         vector<string> v2;
19 
20         for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
21             string s;
22             getline(cin, s);
23             v2.push_back(s);
24         }
25         cout << "output v2: " << endl;
26         output(v2); 
27         cout << endl;
28     }
29 }
30 
31 int main() {
32     cout << "测试: 使用函数getline()多组输入字符串" << endl;
33     test();
34 }
task4_3.cpp

运行结果:

去掉task4_3.cpp的line16,重新编译、运行,此时运行结果:

用途是清除输入缓冲区中的剩余字符,特别是换行符,以确保后续的 getline 函数能够正确地读取用户输入。

 

任务五:

grm.hpp

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 
 4 template <typename T>
 5 class GameResourceManager {
 6 public:
 7     GameResourceManager(T resource0): resource{resource0} {}
 8     T get() { return resource; }
 9     void update(T addition) {
10         resource += addition;
11         if(resource < 0)
12         resource = 0;
13     }
14 private:
15     T resource; 
16 };
gem.hpp

task5.cpp

 1 #include "grm.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 void test1() {
 8     GameResourceManager<float> HP_manger(99.99);
 9     cout << "当前生命值:" << HP_manger.get() << endl;
10     HP_manger.update(9.99);
11     cout << "增加9.99生命值后,当前生命值:" << HP_manger.get() << endl;
12     HP_manger.update(-999.99);
13     cout << "减少999.99生命值后,当前生命值:" << HP_manger.get() << endl; 
14 } 
15 
16 void test2() {
17     GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100);
18     cout << "当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
19     Gold_manager.update(50);
20     cout << "增加50个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
21     Gold_manager.update(-99);
22     cout <<"减少99个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
23 }
24 
25 int main() {
26     cout << "测试1: 用float类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl;
27     test1();
28     cout << endl;
29     cout << "测试2: 用int类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl;
30     test2();
31 }
task5.cpp

运行结果:

 

任务六:
info.hpp

 1 #ifndef INFO_HPP
 2 #define INFO_HPP
 3 
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 #include <string>
 6 
 7 using std::string;
 8 using std::cout;
 9 using std::cin;
10 using std::endl;
11 
12 class Info {
13 public:
14     Info(string nick, string cont, string c, int num);
15     void display();
16     
17 private:
18     string nickname;
19     string contact;
20     string city;
21     int n;
22 };
23 
24 Info::Info(string nick, string cont, string c, int num) :
25     nickname(nick), contact(cont), city(c), n(num) {}
26 
27 void Info::display() {
28     cout << "昵称: " << nickname << endl;
29     cout << "联系方式: " << contact << endl;
30     cout << "所在城市: " << city << endl;
31     cout << "预定人数: " << n << endl;
32     string x(50,'*');
33     cout << x << endl;
34 }
35 #endif
info.hpp

task6.cpp

 1 #include "info.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 
 5 using std::cout;
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::string;
 8 using std::string;
 9 using std::vector;
10 using std::endl;
11 
12 const int capacity = 100;        //最多能容纳的听众人数
13 
14 int main() {
15     vector<Info> audience_lst;    //用于存放线上预约登记的所有听众信息
16     
17     string nick, cont, c;
18     int num;
19     int total_num = 0;            
20     
21     while (1) {
22         cout << "录入用户预约信息:" << endl;
23         cout << "昵称: ";
24         if(!(cin >> nick))
25             break;
26         cout << "联系方式(邮箱/手机号): ";
27         cin >> cont;
28         cout << "所在城市: ";
29         cin >> c;
30         cout << "预定参加人数: ";
31         cin >> num;
32 
33         if (total_num + num > capacity) {
34             cout << "对不起,只剩" << capacity - total_num << "个位置。" << endl;
35             cout << "1. 输入u,更新(update)预定信息" << endl;
36             cout << "2. 输入q,退出预定" << endl;
37             cout << "你的选择:" ; 
38             char choice;
39             cin >> choice;
40             if (choice == 'q') {
41                 break;
42             } else if (choice == 'u') {
43                 continue;
44             }
45         }
46 
47         Info temp(nick, cont, c, num);
48         audience_lst.push_back(temp);
49         total_num += num;
50 
51         if (total_num == capacity ) {
52             break;
53         }
54     }
55 
56     cout << "截至目前,一共有" << audience_lst.size() << "位听众预约。预约听众信息如下: " << endl;
57     string x(50,'*');
58     cout << x << std::endl;
59     for (Info& info : audience_lst) {        
60         info.display();
61     }
62     return 0;
63 }
task6.cpp

运行结果:

 

 任务七:

date.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 #ifndef  DATE H
 3 #define  DATE H
 4 class Date {
 5 private:
 6     int year;
 7     int month;
 8     int day;
 9     int totalDays;
10 public:
11     Date(int year, int month, int day);
12     int getYear()const { return year; }
13     int getMonth()const { return month; }
14     int getDay()const { return day; }
15     int getMaxDay()const;
16     bool isLeapYear()const {
17         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
18     }
19     void show()const;
20     int distance(const Date& date)const {
21         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
22     }
23 };
24 #endif//  DATE H
date.h

date.cpp

 1 #include"date.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 #include<cstdlib>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 namespace {
 6     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
 7 }
 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year{ year }, month{ month }, day{ day } {
 9     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
10         cout << "Invalid date:";
11         show();
12         cout << endl;
13         exit(1);
14     }
15     int years = year - 1;
16     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
17     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++;
18 }
19 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
20     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
21         return 29;
22     else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
23 }
24 
25 void Date::show()const {
26     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
27 }
date.cpp

accumulator.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 #ifndef  ACCUMULATOR H
 3 #define  ACCUMULATOR H
 4 #include"date.h"
 5 class Accumulator {
 6 private:
 7     Date lastDate;
 8     double value;
 9     double sum;
10 public:
11     Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {
12 }
13 
14     double getSum(const Date& date)const {
15         return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
16     }
17 
18     void change(const Date& date, double value) {
19         sum = getSum(date);
20         lastDate = date; this->value = value;
21     }
22 
23     void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
24         lastDate = date; this->value = value; sum = 0;
25     }
26 };
27 #endif//ACCUMULATOR H
accumulator.h

account.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 #ifndef  ACCOUNT H
 3 #define  ACCOUNT H
 4 #include"date.h"
 5 #include"accumulator.h"
 6 #include<string>
 7 class Account {
 8 private:
 9     std::string id;
10     double balance;
11     static double total;
12 protected:
13     Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id);
14     void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
15     void error(const std::string& msg)const;
16 public:
17     const std::string& getId()const { return id; }
18     double getBalance()const { return balance; }
19     static double getTotal() { return total; }
20 
21     void show()const;
22 };
23 class SavingsAccount :public Account {
24 private:
25     Accumulator acc;
26     double rate;
27 public:
28     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
29     double getRate()const { return rate; }
30 
31     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
32     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
33     void settle(const Date& date);
34 };
35 class CreditAccount :public Account {
36 private:
37     Accumulator acc;
38     double credit;
39     double rate;
40     double fee;
41     double getDebt()const {
42         double balance = getBalance();
43         return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
44     }
45 public:
46     CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
47     double getCredit()const { return credit; }
48     double getRate()const { return rate;}
49     double getAvailableCredit()const {
50         if (getBalance() < 0)
51             return credit + getBalance();
52         else
53             return credit;
54     }
55     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
56     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
57     void settle(const Date& date);
58     void show()const;
59 };
60 #endif//ACCOUNT H
account.h:

account.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<cmath>
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 double Account::total = 0;
 6 
 7 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id{ id }, balance{ 0 } {
 8     date.show(); cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
 9 }
10 
11 
12 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
13     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
14     balance += amount;
15     total += amount;
16     date.show();
17     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
18 }
19 
20 void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; }
21 void Account::error(const string& msg)const {
22     cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
23 }
24 
25 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date&date,const string&id,double rate):Account(date,id),rate(rate), acc(date,0){}
26 
27 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
28     record(date, amount, desc);
29     acc.change(date, getBalance());
30 }
31 
32 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
33     if (amount > getBalance()) {
34         error("not enough money");
35     }
36     else {
37         record(date, -amount, desc);
38         acc.change(date, getBalance());
39     }
40 }
41 
42 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
43     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
44     if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest");
45     acc.reset(date, getBalance());
46 }
47 
48 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date&date,const string&id,double credit,double rate,double fee):Account(date,id),credit(credit),rate(rate),fee(fee),acc(date,0){}
49 
50 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
51     record(date, amount, desc);
52     acc.change(date, getDebt());
53 }
54 
55 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
56     if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
57         error("not enough credit");
58     }
59     else {
60         record(date, -amount, desc);
61         acc.change(date, getDebt());
62     }
63 }
64 
65 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
66     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
67     if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest");
68     if (date.getMonth() == 1)
69         record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
70     acc.reset(date, getDebt());
71 }
72 
73 void CreditAccount::show()const {
74     Account::show();
75     cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
76 }
account.cpp

task7_10.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 int main() {
 7     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 8     SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
 9     SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
10     CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
11 
12     sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
13     ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell");
14     sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
15 
16     ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1));
17 
18     ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit");
19     sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
20 
21     sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
22     sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
23     ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
24 
25     cout << endl;
26     sa1.show(); cout << endl;
27     sa2.show(); cout << endl;
28     ca.show(); cout << endl;
29     cout << "Total:" << Account::getTotal() << endl;
30     return 0;
31 }
task7_10.cpp

运行结果:

使用了了类的继承,通过基类account继承两个派生类SavingAccounts和CreditAccounts。并扩展多个函数,实现需求功能

不足:部分代码重复繁杂

posted @ 2024-11-24 10:33  F&WJ  阅读(29)  评论(0)    收藏  举报