实验4 类的组合、继承、模板类、标准库
任务二:
GradeCalc.hpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> //数值计算函数 6 #include <iomanip> //格式化输出 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc: public vector<int> { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname,int size); 17 void input(); //录入成绩 18 void output() const; //输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); //排序(默认降序) 20 int min() const; //返回最低分 21 int max() const; //返回最低分 22 float average() const; //返回平均分 23 void info(); //输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); //成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; //课程名 30 int n; //课程人数 31 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5,0); //保存各分数段人数 5个0 32 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5,0); //保存各分数段比列 33 }; 34 35 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname,int size): course_name{cname},n{size} {} 36 37 void GradeCalc::input() { 38 int grade; 39 40 for(int i = 0;i < n; ++i) { 41 cin>>grade; 42 this->push_back(grade); 43 } 44 } 45 46 void GradeCalc::output() const { 47 for(auto ptr = this->begin();ptr != this->end(); ++ptr) 48 cout << *ptr << " "; 49 cout << endl; 50 } 51 52 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 53 if(ascending) 54 std::sort(this->begin(),this->end()); 55 else 56 std::sort(this->begin(),this->end(),std::greater<int>()); 57 } 58 59 int GradeCalc::min() const { 60 return *std::min_element(this->begin(),this->end()); 61 } 62 63 int GradeCalc::max() const { 64 return *std::max_element(this->begin(),this->end()); 65 } 66 67 float GradeCalc::average() const { 68 return std::accumulate(this->begin(),this->end(),0)*1.0/n; 69 } 70 71 void GradeCalc::compute() { 72 for(int grade: *this) { 73 if(grade < 60) 74 counts.at(0)++; 75 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 76 counts.at(1)++; 77 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 78 counts.at(2)++; 79 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 80 counts.at(3)++; 81 else 82 counts.at(4)++; 83 } 84 85 for(int i = 0;i < rates.size(); ++i ) 86 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n; 87 } 88 89 void GradeCalc::info() { 90 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 91 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 92 sort(); output(); 93 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 94 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 95 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 96 97 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数,比例 98 99 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)","[90, 100]"}; 100 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 101 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 102 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" <<endl; 103 }
task2.cpp
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数:"; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP",n); 10 11 cout << "输入成绩:" << endl; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩:" << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20,'*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20,'*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
运行结果:

问题 1:
成绩存储位置:
在派生类GradeCalc的定义中,成绩存储在从基类vector<int>继承而来的对象中。
对于sort、min、max、average和output方法,访问成绩的接口都是通过继承自vector<int>的迭代器相关接口来访问每个成绩的。
input 方法存入数据的接口:通过cin >> grade从标准输入读取一个成绩值,然后使用this->push_back(grade)将读取到的成绩存入继承自vector<int>的对象中。push_back是vector类提供的成员函数。
问题 2:
line68 分母的功能:
除以总人数n,就可以得到平均成绩。
去掉乘以 1.0 的影响:

原因:
如果去掉乘以1.0,当进行整数除法时,如果两个操作数都是整数类型(如这里的counts.at(i)和n在没有乘以1.0时都是整数类型),那么除法运算的结果会向下取整为一个整数。而乘以1.0会将其中一个操作数转换为浮点数类型,这样整个除法运算就会按照浮点数除法进行,得到的结果就是正确的带有小数部分的比例值,能够准确地反映各分数段人数在总人数中的占比情况。
问题 3:
1)输入数据的合法性检查,错误处理机制:应对于可能出现的输入输出错误,及特殊情况,如缺考
2)课程人数的动态调整:
3)引入更多数值以供更全面展示成绩情况,如中位数,方差
任务三:
GradeCalc.hpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> grades; // 课程成绩 32 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 33 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 34 }; 35 36 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 37 38 void GradeCalc::input() { 39 int grade; 40 41 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 42 cin >> grade; 43 grades.push_back(grade); 44 } 45 } 46 47 void GradeCalc::output() const { 48 for(int grade: grades) 49 cout << grade << " "; 50 cout << endl; 51 } 52 53 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 54 if(ascending) 55 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 56 else 57 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>()); 58 59 } 60 61 int GradeCalc::min() const { 62 return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 63 } 64 65 int GradeCalc::max() const { 66 return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 67 } 68 69 float GradeCalc::average() const { 70 return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 71 } 72 73 void GradeCalc::compute() { 74 for(int grade: grades) { 75 if(grade < 60) 76 counts.at(0)++; 77 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 78 counts.at(1)++; 79 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 80 counts.at(2)++; 81 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 82 counts.at(3)++; 83 else if(grade >= 90) 84 counts.at(4)++; 85 } 86 87 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 88 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n; 89 } 90 91 void GradeCalc::info() { 92 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 93 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 94 sort(); output(); 95 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 96 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 97 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 98 99 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 100 101 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 102 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 103 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 104 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 105 }
task3.cpp
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
运行结果:

问题1:
成绩存储位置:在组合类GradeCalc的定义中,成绩存储在vector<int>类型的成员变量grades中。
对于sort、min、max、average和output这些方法,它们都是通过grades成员变量提供的迭代器相关接口来访问每个成绩的。
与实验任务 2 在代码写法细节上的差别:
1)成绩存储方式:
在实验二的代码中,GradeCalc类是继承自vector<int>,成绩直接存储在继承而来的基类对象中。而在实验三的代码中,GradeCalc类采用组合的方式,通过定义一个独立的vector<int>成员变量grades来存储成绩。
2)访问成绩的方式:
在实验二基于继承的代码中,是通过继承自vector<int>的迭代器相关接口(如this->begin()和this->end())来访问成绩。而在实验三基于组合的代码中,则是通过grades成员变量自身提供的迭代器相关接口(如grades.begin()和grades.end())来访问成绩。
问题 2:
1. 类的设计与职责
在实验二中,GradeCalc类继承自std::vector<int>,这在某种程度上简化了实现,因为它直接复用了一些容器的功能。然而,这种设计方式也让GradeCalc类的职责变得模糊。它同时承担了数据存储和成绩计算的责任,这违反了“单一职责原则”。通过继承,GradeCalc看起来像是一个特殊的vector,虽然在某些情况下可以减少代码量,但最终可能导致代码的可读性和可维护性降低。
在实验三中,GradeCalc不再继承std::vector<int>,而是将grades作为一个私有成员变量来管理。这种设计显著提高了类的清晰度。GradeCalc负责成绩的存储与计算,两者职责分离,更符合OOP中的封装原则。
2. 数据封装与信息隐藏
实验三在数据封装方面做得更好。grades、counts和rates等成员变量都是私有的。这样做不仅保护了数据的完整性,同时也能通过公共接口(input, output, info等)提供对数据的控制访问。在实验二中,虽然接口大致相同,但由于继承特性,外部代码对成绩的直接操作可能会破坏数据的一致性,例如直接通过基类进行排序而不经过任何数据验证。
3. 灵活性与可扩展性
在实验三的设计中,如果未来需要对成绩计算或数据存储实现新的功能时,可以在GradeCalc类中轻松扩展,而不需要去考虑对基类std::vector<int>的修改。这样,一旦有需求变化,修改的风险度和复杂性都会降低。
4. 组合优于继承
这种实践表明,常常使用组合而非继承来建立类之间的关系,能够使代码更加灵活且易于维护。在OOP设计中,总是要考虑类的构成,只选取必要的功能来降低复杂性。
任务四:
task4_1.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <limits> 4 5 using namespace std; 6 7 void test1() { 8 string s1, s2; 9 cin >> s1 >> s2; // cin: 从输入流读取字符串, 碰到空白符(空格/回车/Tab)即结束 10 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 11 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 12 } 13 14 void test2() { 15 string s1, s2; 16 getline(cin, s1); // getline(): 从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到换行符 17 getline(cin, s2); 18 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 19 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 20 } 21 22 void test3() { 23 string s1, s2; 24 getline(cin, s1, ' '); //从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到指定分隔符 25 getline(cin, s2); 26 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 27 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试1: 使用标准输入流对象cin输入字符串" << endl; 32 test1(); 33 cout << endl; 34 35 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 36 37 cout << "测试2: 使用函数getline()输入字符串" << endl; 38 test2(); 39 cout << endl; 40 41 cout << "测试3: 使用函数getline()输入字符串, 指定字符串分隔符" << endl; 42 test3(); 43 }
运行结果:

去掉task4_1.cpp的line35,重新编译、运行,此时运行结果截图:

line35的作用是清除输入流中可能残留的换行符。如果不清除输入流中残留的\n,getline函数会读取到这个残留的换行符,导致它认为用户输入了一个空行,从而可能无法正确获取用户期望输入的内容。
task4_2.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 vector<string> v1; 17 18 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 19 string s; 20 cin >> s; 21 v1.push_back(s); 22 } 23 24 cout << "output v1: " << endl; 25 output(v1); 26 cout << endl; 27 } 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试: 使用cin多组输入字符串" << endl; 32 test(); 33 }
运行结果:

task4_3.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 17 18 vector<string> v2; 19 20 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 21 string s; 22 getline(cin, s); 23 v2.push_back(s); 24 } 25 cout << "output v2: " << endl; 26 output(v2); 27 cout << endl; 28 } 29 } 30 31 int main() { 32 cout << "测试: 使用函数getline()多组输入字符串" << endl; 33 test(); 34 }
运行结果:

去掉task4_3.cpp的line16,重新编译、运行,此时运行结果:

用途是清除输入缓冲区中的剩余字符,特别是换行符,以确保后续的 getline 函数能够正确地读取用户输入。
任务五:
grm.hpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 3 4 template <typename T> 5 class GameResourceManager { 6 public: 7 GameResourceManager(T resource0): resource{resource0} {} 8 T get() { return resource; } 9 void update(T addition) { 10 resource += addition; 11 if(resource < 0) 12 resource = 0; 13 } 14 private: 15 T resource; 16 };
task5.cpp
1 #include "grm.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 void test1() { 8 GameResourceManager<float> HP_manger(99.99); 9 cout << "当前生命值:" << HP_manger.get() << endl; 10 HP_manger.update(9.99); 11 cout << "增加9.99生命值后,当前生命值:" << HP_manger.get() << endl; 12 HP_manger.update(-999.99); 13 cout << "减少999.99生命值后,当前生命值:" << HP_manger.get() << endl; 14 } 15 16 void test2() { 17 GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100); 18 cout << "当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 19 Gold_manager.update(50); 20 cout << "增加50个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 21 Gold_manager.update(-99); 22 cout <<"减少99个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 23 } 24 25 int main() { 26 cout << "测试1: 用float类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 27 test1(); 28 cout << endl; 29 cout << "测试2: 用int类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 30 test2(); 31 }
运行结果:

任务六:
info.hpp
1 #ifndef INFO_HPP 2 #define INFO_HPP 3 4 #include <iostream> 5 #include <string> 6 7 using std::string; 8 using std::cout; 9 using std::cin; 10 using std::endl; 11 12 class Info { 13 public: 14 Info(string nick, string cont, string c, int num); 15 void display(); 16 17 private: 18 string nickname; 19 string contact; 20 string city; 21 int n; 22 }; 23 24 Info::Info(string nick, string cont, string c, int num) : 25 nickname(nick), contact(cont), city(c), n(num) {} 26 27 void Info::display() { 28 cout << "昵称: " << nickname << endl; 29 cout << "联系方式: " << contact << endl; 30 cout << "所在城市: " << city << endl; 31 cout << "预定人数: " << n << endl; 32 string x(50,'*'); 33 cout << x << endl; 34 } 35 #endif
task6.cpp
1 #include "info.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <vector> 4 5 using std::cout; 6 using std::cin; 7 using std::string; 8 using std::string; 9 using std::vector; 10 using std::endl; 11 12 const int capacity = 100; //最多能容纳的听众人数 13 14 int main() { 15 vector<Info> audience_lst; //用于存放线上预约登记的所有听众信息 16 17 string nick, cont, c; 18 int num; 19 int total_num = 0; 20 21 while (1) { 22 cout << "录入用户预约信息:" << endl; 23 cout << "昵称: "; 24 if(!(cin >> nick)) 25 break; 26 cout << "联系方式(邮箱/手机号): "; 27 cin >> cont; 28 cout << "所在城市: "; 29 cin >> c; 30 cout << "预定参加人数: "; 31 cin >> num; 32 33 if (total_num + num > capacity) { 34 cout << "对不起,只剩" << capacity - total_num << "个位置。" << endl; 35 cout << "1. 输入u,更新(update)预定信息" << endl; 36 cout << "2. 输入q,退出预定" << endl; 37 cout << "你的选择:" ; 38 char choice; 39 cin >> choice; 40 if (choice == 'q') { 41 break; 42 } else if (choice == 'u') { 43 continue; 44 } 45 } 46 47 Info temp(nick, cont, c, num); 48 audience_lst.push_back(temp); 49 total_num += num; 50 51 if (total_num == capacity ) { 52 break; 53 } 54 } 55 56 cout << "截至目前,一共有" << audience_lst.size() << "位听众预约。预约听众信息如下: " << endl; 57 string x(50,'*'); 58 cout << x << std::endl; 59 for (Info& info : audience_lst) { 60 info.display(); 61 } 62 return 0; 63 }
运行结果:


任务七:
date.h
1 #pragma once 2 #ifndef DATE H 3 #define DATE H 4 class Date { 5 private: 6 int year; 7 int month; 8 int day; 9 int totalDays; 10 public: 11 Date(int year, int month, int day); 12 int getYear()const { return year; } 13 int getMonth()const { return month; } 14 int getDay()const { return day; } 15 int getMaxDay()const; 16 bool isLeapYear()const { 17 return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0; 18 } 19 void show()const; 20 int distance(const Date& date)const { 21 return totalDays - date.totalDays; 22 } 23 }; 24 #endif// DATE H
date.cpp
1 #include"date.h" 2 #include<iostream> 3 #include<cstdlib> 4 using namespace std; 5 namespace { 6 const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 }; 7 } 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year{ year }, month{ month }, day{ day } { 9 if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) { 10 cout << "Invalid date:"; 11 show(); 12 cout << endl; 13 exit(1); 14 } 15 int years = year - 1; 16 totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day; 17 if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++; 18 } 19 int Date::getMaxDay()const { 20 if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) 21 return 29; 22 else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1]; 23 } 24 25 void Date::show()const { 26 cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay(); 27 }
accumulator.h
1 #pragma once 2 #ifndef ACCUMULATOR H 3 #define ACCUMULATOR H 4 #include"date.h" 5 class Accumulator { 6 private: 7 Date lastDate; 8 double value; 9 double sum; 10 public: 11 Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } { 12 } 13 14 double getSum(const Date& date)const { 15 return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate); 16 } 17 18 void change(const Date& date, double value) { 19 sum = getSum(date); 20 lastDate = date; this->value = value; 21 } 22 23 void reset(const Date& date, double value) { 24 lastDate = date; this->value = value; sum = 0; 25 } 26 }; 27 #endif//ACCUMULATOR H
account.h
1 #pragma once 2 #ifndef ACCOUNT H 3 #define ACCOUNT H 4 #include"date.h" 5 #include"accumulator.h" 6 #include<string> 7 class Account { 8 private: 9 std::string id; 10 double balance; 11 static double total; 12 protected: 13 Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id); 14 void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 15 void error(const std::string& msg)const; 16 public: 17 const std::string& getId()const { return id; } 18 double getBalance()const { return balance; } 19 static double getTotal() { return total; } 20 21 void show()const; 22 }; 23 class SavingsAccount :public Account { 24 private: 25 Accumulator acc; 26 double rate; 27 public: 28 SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate); 29 double getRate()const { return rate; } 30 31 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 32 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 33 void settle(const Date& date); 34 }; 35 class CreditAccount :public Account { 36 private: 37 Accumulator acc; 38 double credit; 39 double rate; 40 double fee; 41 double getDebt()const { 42 double balance = getBalance(); 43 return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0); 44 } 45 public: 46 CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee); 47 double getCredit()const { return credit; } 48 double getRate()const { return rate;} 49 double getAvailableCredit()const { 50 if (getBalance() < 0) 51 return credit + getBalance(); 52 else 53 return credit; 54 } 55 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 56 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 57 void settle(const Date& date); 58 void show()const; 59 }; 60 #endif//ACCOUNT H
account.cpp
1 #include"account.h" 2 #include<cmath> 3 #include<iostream> 4 using namespace std; 5 double Account::total = 0; 6 7 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id{ id }, balance{ 0 } { 8 date.show(); cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl; 9 } 10 11 12 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 13 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; 14 balance += amount; 15 total += amount; 16 date.show(); 17 cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl; 18 } 19 20 void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; } 21 void Account::error(const string& msg)const { 22 cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl; 23 } 24 25 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date&date,const string&id,double rate):Account(date,id),rate(rate), acc(date,0){} 26 27 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 28 record(date, amount, desc); 29 acc.change(date, getBalance()); 30 } 31 32 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 33 if (amount > getBalance()) { 34 error("not enough money"); 35 } 36 else { 37 record(date, -amount, desc); 38 acc.change(date, getBalance()); 39 } 40 } 41 42 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) { 43 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1)); 44 if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest"); 45 acc.reset(date, getBalance()); 46 } 47 48 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date&date,const string&id,double credit,double rate,double fee):Account(date,id),credit(credit),rate(rate),fee(fee),acc(date,0){} 49 50 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 51 record(date, amount, desc); 52 acc.change(date, getDebt()); 53 } 54 55 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 56 if (amount - getBalance() > credit) { 57 error("not enough credit"); 58 } 59 else { 60 record(date, -amount, desc); 61 acc.change(date, getDebt()); 62 } 63 } 64 65 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) { 66 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate; 67 if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest"); 68 if (date.getMonth() == 1) 69 record(date, -fee, "annual fee"); 70 acc.reset(date, getDebt()); 71 } 72 73 void CreditAccount::show()const { 74 Account::show(); 75 cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit(); 76 }
task7_10.cpp
1 #include"account.h" 2 #include<iostream> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() { 7 Date date(2008, 11, 1); 8 SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015); 9 SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015); 10 CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50); 11 12 sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary"); 13 ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell"); 14 sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323"); 15 16 ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1)); 17 18 ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit"); 19 sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary"); 20 21 sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 22 sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 23 ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 24 25 cout << endl; 26 sa1.show(); cout << endl; 27 sa2.show(); cout << endl; 28 ca.show(); cout << endl; 29 cout << "Total:" << Account::getTotal() << endl; 30 return 0; 31 }
运行结果:

使用了了类的继承,通过基类account继承两个派生类SavingAccounts和CreditAccounts。并扩展多个函数,实现需求功能
不足:部分代码重复繁杂

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