GUI编程

GUI编程（MVC基础）

AWT

1. 包含了很多类和接口！
2. 元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
3. java.awt

2.2组件容器

不看API，Ctrl点进去点结构就可以看到那个怎么使用了

//先new一个Frame对象创建一个窗口 Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图像界面窗口");

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;

//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame对象
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图像界面窗口");
        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);
        //设置背景颜色 Color
        frame.setBackground(new Color(85,150,68));
        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

2.2用封装写多个窗口

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.pink);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.black);
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static  int id=0;//可能存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
    }
}

3.面板panel

解决了关闭事件

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//可以看出是一个空间，但不能单独存在
public class Testpanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //存在一个布局概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);//默认布局
        //设置坐标位置及大小
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0xFF9C9C));

        //panel设置坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(0, 238, 65));

        //将面板放进frame窗口既frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 Syetem.exit(0)
        //适配器模式:
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

4.布局管理器

• 流式布局（FlowLayout）

  • package com.gui;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    
    public class TestFlowLayout {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Frame frame = new Frame();
            //组件-按钮
            Button button1 = new Button("button1");
            Button button2 = new Button("button3");
            Button button3 = new Button("button2");
            //一般情况都是添加到面板上的，这里不想写面板
            //设置为流式布局
            frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默认为中  括号里面可以添加参数如left
            frame.setSize(200,200);
            //添加按钮
            frame.add(button1);
            frame.add(button2);
            frame.add(button3);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    }
    

• 东西南北中（BorderLayout）

  • package com.gui;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
    import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
    
    public class TestBorderLayout {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
            Button west = new Button("west");
            Button east = new Button("east");
            Button south = new Button("south");
            Button North = new Button("North");
            Button center = new Button("center");
    
            frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
            frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
            frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            frame.add(North,BorderLayout.NORTH);
            frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    
            frame.setVisible(true);
            frame.setSize(200,200);
            frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                    System.exit(0);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    

• 表格布局GridLayout(网格布局)

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
        frame.pack();//java函数，自动布局，自动最优布局
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

一个小练习

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;

public class ExDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.pink);

        //四个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

    }
}

5.事件监听

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮的时候触发一些时间
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);//addActionListener()添加时间监听
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);//调用方法关闭窗口 
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aa");
    }
}

多个事件共用一个事件

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionTwo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始，停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");
        
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand()获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了:"+e.getActionCommand());
        
    }
}

6.输入框事件监听TextField

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame2();
    }
}
class MyFrame2 extends Frame{
    public MyFrame2(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();//单行文本
        add(textField);
        //监听文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下回车就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field=(TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回了一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得文本框中的文本
        field.setText("");
    }
}

简易计算器

package com.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();

    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator() {
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //将这个值运算后放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");

    }
}

7.画笔

通过重写Fram里面的paint实现画笔

package com.gui2;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,300,300);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.pink);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
    }
}

Swing

1.窗口

2.弹窗

JDialog,用来被弹出，默认就有关闭事件

package com.gui3;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,400);
        //创建容器
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
        contentPane.add(button);
        button.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,100,100);
//        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        contentPane.add(new Label("牛马"));
    }
}

3.面板

JPanel放在容器里面

JScrollpanel可以实现滚动