Linux基础

Linux基础

1 课程主要内容

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1.1 Linux在什么地方使用

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1.2 Linux的应用领域

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1.3 Linux入门

概述

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吉祥物

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创始人

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Linux和Unix的关系图

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1.4 安装VM，Centos

VM和Linux的关系

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网络连接三种模式

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虚拟机克隆

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虚拟机快照

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新建hello2

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虚拟机迁移和删除

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移除之后，文件夹并没有删除，找到文件夹的位置

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将文件夹彻底删除。

1.5 安装vmtools

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安装gcc

打开终端，进入系统根目录

输入：yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf make

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gcc安装完成。

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如果发现是灰色的选择挂起，然后重新运行。

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选择以文件打开。

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一路回车。

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1.6 共享文件夹

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centos7内新建文件夹fp

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windows下也出现了文件夹。

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2 Linux目录结构

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3 远程登录到Linux服务器

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3.1 测试网络是否连通

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3.2 使用xshell，远程登录

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3.3 使用xftp，远程上传下载文件

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解决中文乱码问题

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原理图

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3.4 vi和vim

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回车进入正常模式

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输入i，进入插入模式

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输入esc,在输入:wq（wq代表写入并退出，write，quit）

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3.5 各种模式相互切换

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复制行操作(输入p代表的是paste)

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查找单词操作

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设置行号

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定位文件首行和末行

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撤销操作

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快速定位到某行

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3.6 关机，重启

-h(halt：暂停，停止) -r(reboot：重启)

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3.7 用户登录和注销

切换管理员身份：su - root

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4 用户管理

4.1 添加用户

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4.2 指定/修改密码

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4.3 删除用户

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4.4 查询用户信息

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4.5 切换用户

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4.6 查看当前用户/登录用户

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4.7 用户组

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4.8 用户和组相关文件

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对shell的理解

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/etc/password 文件

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/etc/shadow文件

zwj没有设置密码，所以没有一长串的加密字符。

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/etc/group文件

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5 指令

5.1 运行级别

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从图形界面5，使用指令init 3 进入多用户状态有网络服务。

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找回root密码

查看资料文档。

5.2 帮助指令

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5.3 文件目录类

pwd ls

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cd

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mkdir

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rmdir

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touch

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cp

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rm

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mv

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cat

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more

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less

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echo head

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tail

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这个地方可以在虚拟机上使用 echo "hello" > /home/mydate.txt测试（> 输出重定向（输入到文件中，覆盖））

> >>

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ln

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history

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date

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5.4 查找指令

find

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locate

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which

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grep

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5.5 压缩 解压

gzip gunzip

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zip unzip

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tar

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6 组管理和权限管理

6.1 概念

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1.在Linux中每一个用户都属于一个组。

2.对于文件而言，有所有者，所在组，其他组这3个概念。

所有者：一般来说文件是谁创建的，那么文件的所有者就是谁（可以改）。

所在组：文件所有者所在的组就是文件的所在组，所在组中的成员拥有对文件的相关权限。

其它组：文件除了所在组以外的其余组就是文件对应的其它组，其它组中的成员对文件也有相关的权限。

6.2 所有者

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6.3 所在组

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6.4 其它组

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6.5 权限

权限介绍

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修改权限

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文件的颜色是绿色的，表示文件赋予了可执行的权限。

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修改文件所有者

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修改文件/目录所在组

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最佳实践1

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最佳实践2

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文件夹rwx的细节

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7 crond 任务调度

7.1 基础知识

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7.2 应用案例

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8 at定时任务

8.1 基础知识

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8.2 应用案例

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9 Linux分区

9.1 基础知识

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UUID：分区40位唯一标识符

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9.2 应用案例

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添加成功后，需要重启系统才能识别: reboot

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永久挂载

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9.3 磁盘情况

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10 网络配置

10.1 原理图

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10.2 linux网络环境配置

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10.3 设置主机名和hosts映射

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10.4 主机名解析

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DNS是多台服务器组成，并且分级的。

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15 进程管理

15.1 基本介绍

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15.2 父子进程

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15.3 终止进程

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15.4 进程树pstree

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15.5 服务管理

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原理图

客户端通过端口连接端口监听的服务(后台程序/守护进程)

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15.6 动态监控进程

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root账号输入top

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16 RPM和YUM

16.1 RPM

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16.2 yum

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17 安装JDK

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18 安装tomcat

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19 安装idea

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20 安装MySQL5.7

查看保存文件。

posted @ 2023-04-27 09:52  千夜ん  阅读(33)  评论(0)    收藏  举报