maven项目标准目录

参照：http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-standard-directory-layout.html
标准目录结构：
src
  -main
      –bin 脚本库
      –java java源代码文件
      –resources 资源库，会自动复制到classes目录里
      –filters 资源过滤文件
      –assembly 组件的描述配置（如何打包）
      –config 配置文件
      –webapp web应用的目录。WEB-INF、css、js等
  -test
      –java 单元测试java源代码文件
      –resources 测试需要用的资源库
      –filters 测试资源过滤库
  -site Site（一些文档）
target
LICENSE.txt Project’s license
README.txt Project’s readme

工程根目录下就只有src和target两个目录

target是有存放项目构建后的文件和目录，jar包、war包、编译的class文件等。
target里的所有内容都是maven构建的时候生成的。

src/main/java	Application/Library sources
src/main/resources	Application/Library resources
src/main/filters	Resource filter files
src/main/assembly	Assembly descriptors
src/main/config	Configuration files
src/main/webapps	Web application sources
src/test/java	Test sources
src/test/resources	Test resources
src/test/filters	Test resource filter files
src/site	Site
LICENSE.txt	Project's license
README.txt	Project's readme

在顶级目录上是工程的描述文件pom.xml（如果使用Ant则还包括其他属性文件，maven.xml或build.xml）,另外还包括提供给最终用户的文件，如，README.txt,LICENSE.txt等等。顶级目录还包括两个子目录：src，target。顶级目录下可能出现的其他目录仅仅是CVS或.svn和其他多模块工程的工程目录，最好不要再有其他目录。Target目录是所有工程编译构建的输出目录。Src目录包含所有工程的源码文件，配置文件，资源文件等等。它下面的子目录一般包含main（主要的工程源文件），test（测试文件），site（项目站点文件）。

Maven 2是围绕着构建生命周期概念设计的。当使用Maven构建工程时，只需要了解几个Maven定义好的命令即可，其他的工作则交给POM来完成。以下给出Maven提供的构建生命周期列表：

validate	validate the project is correct and all necessary information is available.
generate-sources	generate any source code for inclusion in compilation.
process-sources	process the source code, for example to filter any values.
generate-resources	generate resources for inclusion in the package.
process-resources	copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for packaging.
compile	compile the source code of the project.
process-classes	post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement on Java classes.
generate-test-sources	generate any test source code for inclusion in compilation.
process-test-sources	process the test source code, for example to filter any values.
generate-test-resources	create resources for testing.
process-test-resources	copy and process the resources into the test destination directory.
test-compile	compile the test source code into the test destination directory
test	run tests using a suitable unit testing framework. These tests should not require the code be packaged or deployed.
package	take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR.
pre-integration-test	perform actions required before integration tests are executed. This may involve things such as setting up the required environment.
integration-test	process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run.
post-integration-test	perform actions required after integration tests have been executed. This may including cleaning up the environment.
verify	run any checks to verify the package is valid and meets quality criteria.
install	install the package into the local repository, for use as a dependency in other projects locally.
deploy	done in an integration or release environment, copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.

因此，当我们构建一个项目时，只需要了解自己希望做什么，然后执行以上对应的生命周期即可。