Linux系统安装MySQL数据库

下载

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压移动

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

配置用户与权限

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

创建配置文件

编辑/etc/my.cnf：

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
character-set-server=utf8mb4

需手动创建datadir和log目录并授权

初始化数据库

cd /usr/local/mysql
./bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql

使用--initialize-insecure允许空密码登录（密码默认为空），安全场景建议用--initialize生成临时密码

服务配置

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

启动服务

service mysqld start

修改密码

mysql -uroot --skip-password
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPassword';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

允许远程访问

UPDATE mysql.user SET Host='%' WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

验证安装

mysqladmin -V  # 查看版本
systemctl status mysqld  # 检查服务状态
netstat -ln | grep 3306  # 确认端口监听