【接口测试】使用httpClient获取cookies+携带获取的cookies访问get接口
数据准备
在本机或者远端机器安装部署moco-runner(参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32706349/article/details/80472445)
这里我们只需要准备Json文件:
[
{
"description":"这是一个获取cookies信息的get请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/getcookies",
"method":"get"
},
"response":{
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
},
"text":"获得cookies信息成功"
}
},
{
"description":"这是一个带cookies信息的get请求",
"request":{
"uri":"/get/with/cookies",
"method":"get",
"cookies":{
"login":"true"
}
},
"response":{
"text":"这是一个需要携带cookies信息才能访问的get请求"
}
}
]
代码实现
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.cookie.BasicClientCookie;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
public class CookieTest {
//用来存储Cookies信息的变量
private CookieStore store;
//调用获取cookie信息的get接口
@Test
public void testGetCookies() throws IOException {
//获取body
String result=null;
store = new BasicCookieStore();
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(store).build();
HttpGet get=new HttpGet("http://localhost:30080/getcookies");
CloseableHttpResponse response=client.execute(get);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
result= EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
List<Cookie> cookieList=store.getCookies();
for (Cookie cookie:cookieList){
String name =cookie.getName();
String value = cookie.getValue();
System.out.println("访问/getcookies接口成功,cookie name = "+name+", cookie value = "+value);
}
response.close();
client.close();
}
//调用带cookie信息的get接口
//方式一:
//通过创建cookieStore存放cookie,以此传递到httpclient
@Test
public void testGetWithCookies1() throws IOException {
//创建cookieStore存储cookie
CookieStore cookieStore=new BasicCookieStore();
//创建cookie对象
BasicClientCookie cookie=new BasicClientCookie("login","true");
cookie.setDomain("localhost");
cookie.setPath("/");
System.out.println(cookie);
cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
CloseableHttpClient client=HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
HttpGet get=new HttpGet("http://localhost:30080/get/with/cookies");
CloseableHttpResponse response=client.execute(get);
HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
String result=EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
response.close();
client.close();
}
//方式二:
@Test
public void testGetWithCookies2() throws IOException {
CloseableHttpClient client= HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpGet get=new HttpGet("http://localhost:30080/get/with/cookies");
get.setHeader("cookie","login=true");
CloseableHttpResponse response=client.execute(get);
HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
String result=EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
response.close();
client.close();
}
//方式三:
//依赖获取cookie接口,store传递cookie
@Test(dependsOnMethods = {"testGetCookies"})
public void testGetWithCookies3() throws IOException {
CloseableHttpClient client=HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(this.store).build();
HttpGet get=new HttpGet("http://localhost:30080/get/with/cookies");
CloseableHttpResponse response=client.execute(get);
HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
String result=EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
response.close();
client.close();
}
}
总结一下遇到的问题:
1、网上教程大多是使用旧的DefaultHttpClient实现获取cookie,但是httpclient新版本已经不推荐,这里使用的是CloseableHttpClient通过setDefaultCookieStore()方式传递cookie
旧的实现方式参考:https://blog.csdn.net/lt326030434/article/details/80449856
新的实现方式参考:https://blog.csdn.net/wsrfljygracie/article/details/89181318
2、在cookie传递的使用方面,找了一些资料,不停调试测试,靠着IDEA的提示和资料调通。
使用CookieStore保持会话的使用方法参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/ssgao/p/8829056.html
需要注意:cookie需要设置name、value、domain(这个没有设置会一直调不通)
3、注意moco-runner部署的服务器地址,如果是测试服务器本机就是localhost,如果是远端机器,url需要填写具体的url地址
4、代码实现是比较简单的远端调用接口的形式,没有使用本地resources目录配置下application.properties、foo.json,后续会学习。
另外,个人感觉json放在本地资源文件调用的必要性不是很大,看工具的使用范围,自用部署在服务器即可,也不需要每次修改后提交代码。
转发请说明出处,谢谢。
如果还有其他问题,欢迎交流。

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