Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的版本信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
镜像命令
docker images 查看镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 9 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
#可选项
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示镜像的id
docker serch 搜索镜像
root@localhost docker]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12875 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4933 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 582 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 574 [OK]
#可选项，通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索STARS大于3000
[root@localhost docker]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12875 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4933 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
#docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql #如果不写tag，默认是latest
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#等价于
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像id
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部镜像
容器命令
说明：我们有镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02，用来区分容器的
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器的查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p 主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机端口
#测试，启动并进入容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@28946746c504 /]#ls #查看容器内的centos，基础版本
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#退出容器
[root@28946746c504 /]#exit
列出所有的运行的容器
#docker ps 命令
#列出正在运行的容器
-a #列出正在运行的容器，历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最新创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
28946746c504 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago strange_bassi
2d00c700d294 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago infallible_newton
467eeaa75c9c feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago sleepy_goldwasser
退出容器
exit #退出容器
Ctrl p q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除容器id，不能删除正在运行的容器，需要rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
其他常用命令
后台启动容器
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
528e593d373fa7c723b0fba0178cfde9c7dea819405ed1d20a0b3ced9c0ffdfd
#问题docker ps 发现centos停止了
#常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，必须要有前台的进程，docker发现没有应用，就会停止
#nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，没有程序
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 13 #容器日志
#自己编写shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo tqh;sleep 5;done;"
553b48e760a9c818dffe9ecff9639a10e7d23fc86a8e47f7b9b0ac71ed455203
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
553b48e760a9 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds intelligent_panini
#显示日志参数
-tf #显示日志
--tail #日志条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 553b48e760a9
2022-07-16T03:03:01.570196511Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:06.572125026Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:11.574423814Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:16.576667104Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:21.578922488Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:26.581462208Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:31.583857818Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:36.586635166Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:41.589569893Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:46.592217958Z tqh
2022-07-16T03:03:51.594539348Z tqh
停止容器
#命令docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 139c54bbdb02
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 5710 5691 0 20:06 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo tqh;sleep 5;done;
root 5774 5710 0 20:07 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
查看容器源文件
#命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 139c54bbdb02
[
{
"Id": "139c54bbdb023cf96ae59ad7da45d9de09543c0ed8b8a7dd11e4b2ab4c43fa7f",
"Created": "2022-07-16T03:06:22.069864608Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo tqh;sleep 5;done;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 5710,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-07-16T03:06:22.267798065Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/139c54bbdb023cf96ae59ad7da45d9de09543c0ed8b8a7dd11e4b2ab4c43fa7f/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/139c54bbdb023cf96ae59ad7da45d9de09543c0ed8b8a7dd11e4b2ab4c43fa7f/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/139c54bbdb023cf96ae59ad7da45d9de09543c0ed8b8a7dd11e4b2ab4c43fa7f/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/139c54bbdb023cf96ae59ad7da45d9de09543c0ed8b8a7dd11e4b2ab4c43fa7f/139c54bbdb023cf96ae59ad7da45d9de09543c0ed8b8a7dd11e4b2ab4c43fa7f-json.log",
"Name": "/vigorous_babbage",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b5b29f6f302d18508341135a8555b9582a7a97b08578db429c6e39fb9eee75f7-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0c84a98b3cefa7c8a61cc73080cd96ed321e143b65d844d5a5d60607dd75a61/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b5b29f6f302d18508341135a8555b9582a7a97b08578db429c6e39fb9eee75f7/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b5b29f6f302d18508341135a8555b9582a7a97b08578db429c6e39fb9eee75f7/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b5b29f6f302d18508341135a8555b9582a7a97b08578db429c6e39fb9eee75f7/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "139c54bbdb02",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo tqh;sleep 5;done;"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "42a13f5431e83033947a8b232ef26e4c53ef30cebd20c9b99c66658bddacc163",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/42a13f5431e8",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "41a9c934764214430677e92523b6b219fa982382d09844544e4e5dfa205dd19f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "fa6256ae9c0595af3ba30743934b4748a4b47bce2d6886544b80e9908bba4ff6",
"EndpointID": "41a9c934764214430677e92523b6b219fa982382d09844544e4e5dfa205dd19f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前容器命令
#我们容器通常使用后台方式运行，需要进入容器修改配置
#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
139c54bbdb02 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes vigorous_babbage
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 139c54bbdb02 /bin/bash
[root@139c54bbdb02 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@139c54bbdb02 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:06 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo tqh;sleep 5;done;
root 76 0 0 03:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 96 1 0 03:12 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
root 97 76 0 03:12 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
#方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 139c54bbdb02
正在执行的代码...
#docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端
#docker attach #进入正在执行的终端，不会开启新进程
容器拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机
#查看当前主机目录下的文件
[root@localhost home]# ls
tqh tqh.java
#查看docker运行的容器
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c7e97bb5cee6 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes boring_burnell
#进入docker的容器
[root@localhost home]# docker attach c7e97bb5cee6
[root@c7e97bb5cee6 home]# cd /home/
#容器内新建文件
[root@c7e97bb5cee6 home]# touch test.java
[root@c7e97bb5cee6 home]# ls
test.java
[root@c7e97bb5cee6 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c7e97bb5cee6 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago boring_burnell
139c54bbdb02 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 21 minutes ago Exited (137) 5 minutes ago vigorous_babbage
553b48e760a9 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 25 minutes ago Exited (137) 23 minutes ago intelligent_panini
1b9665ad87b8 centos "/bin/sh -C 'while t…" 26 minutes ago Exited (127) 26 minutes ago serene_ganguly
05ba5b7f9bef centos "/bin/bash" 31 minutes ago Exited (127) 27 minutes ago trusting_elgamal
6609f1e60e8c centos "/bin/bash" 32 minutes ago Exited (0) 32 minutes ago youthful_ganguly
240a644e12b4 centos "/bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Exited (0) 35 minutes ago xenodochial_mccarthy
f699d05b3118 centos "-it /bin/bash" 35 minutes ago Created hopeful_sanderson
528e593d373f centos "/bin/bash" 38 minutes ago Exited (0) 37 minutes ago sad_banach
28946746c504 centos "/bin/bash" 12 hours ago Exited (127) 12 hours ago strange_bassi
2d00c700d294 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago infallible_newton
467eeaa75c9c feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago sleepy_goldwasser
#将文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp c7e97bb5cee6:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.java tqh tqh.java
#拷贝是手动过程，后面使用-v 卷的技术实现，自动同步
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