springboot全局异常处理

项目中遇到运行时异常,总不能每个异常处理都去添加try catch逻辑,甚至有的时候一个偶然条件发生而导致异常,而我们没有进行对应的处理则会直接给请求者返回未知的错误,这在正式的上线的项目中是不允许,所以我们来配置全局异常处理

今天讲解一下如何在SpringBoot实现全局异常机制,在没有用springboot大家要实现这一的功能基本上都是通过aop的思想,还是有点麻烦,而现在springboot中对它要进行了一次封装,开发者使用起来更加的简单,接下先通过代码演示效果,然后再分析一下原理,好了废话不多说直接上代码,看代码结构:

1、使用到的注解:@ControllerAdvice注解是用来配置控制器通知的,我们可以配置过滤拦截具体一种或者多种类型的注解,添加annotations属性即可,在类的上方我们配置了@ControllerAdvice的annotations属性值为RestController.class,也就是只有添加了@RestController注解的控制器才会进入全局异常处理;因为我们全局返回的都是统一的Json格式的字符串,所以需要再类上配置@ResponseBody注解;@ExceptionHandler注解用来配置需要拦截的异常类型,默认是全局类型,可以通过value属性配置只对某个类型的异常起作用;@ResponseStatus注解用于配置遇到该异常后返回数据时的StatusCode的值,我们这里默认使用值500

定义一个返回的DTO工具类

//
// 定义一个返回的DTO工具类
//

package com.zkml.common.obj.dto;

import com.zkml.common.obj.enums.ResultStatusEnum;
import java.io.Serializable;

public class ResultModelDTO<T> implements Serializable {
    private ResultStatusEnum result;
    private Long code;
    private String message;
    private T model;

    public ResultModelDTO() {
    }

    public boolean successResult() {
        return this.result.equals(ResultStatusEnum.success);
    }

    public boolean failResult() {
        return !this.successResult();
    }

    public ResultModelDTO(ResultStatusEnum result, long code, String message, T model) {
        this.result = result;
        this.code = Long.valueOf(code);
        this.message = message;
        this.model = model;
    }

    public ResultModelDTO(ResultStatusEnum result, ResultCode remoteResultCode, T model) {
        this(result, remoteResultCode.getCode(), remoteResultCode.getMessage(), model);
    }

    public ResultStatusEnum getResult() {
        return this.result;
    }

    public void setResult(ResultStatusEnum result) {
        this.result = result;
    }

    public Long getCode() {
        return this.code;
    }

    public void setCode(Long code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return this.message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public T getModel() {
        return this.model;
    }

    public void setModel(T model) {
        this.model = model;
    }
}

定义一个全局异常处理类

package com.springboot.exception.global_excep;
 
import com.springboot.exception.json.JsonResult;
import org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.beans.TypeMismatchException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.web.HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j 
import java.io.IOException;
 
/**
 * @Author fanghui
 * @Description 全局异常拦截器
 * @Date 16:38 2019/8/14
 * @Modify By
 */
@ControllerAdvice
@ResponseBody
@Slf4j 
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
 
 private String getMessage(BindingResult result) {
        return result.getFieldErrors().stream().map(error -> {
            return error.getField() + "[" + error.getRejectedValue() + "]:" + error.getDefaultMessage();
        }).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
    }

    /**
     * 捕获 controller 实体类参数@Validate验证报错
     *
     * @param e
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(BindException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public JsonResult validExceptionHandler(BindException e, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        return JsonResult.error(getMessage(e.getBindingResult()), ErrorCode.ILLEGAL_PARAM.name());
    }

    /**
     * 捕获 普通方法传参@Validate验证报错
     *
     * @param e
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public JsonResult validExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException e, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        return JsonResult.error(getMessage(e.getBindingResult()), ErrorCode.ILLEGAL_PARAM.name());
    }

    /**
     * 捕获 controller 平铺参数@Validate验证报错
     *
     * @param e
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
    @ResponseBody
    public JsonResult validExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException e, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        return JsonResult.error(e.getMessage(), ErrorCode.ILLEGAL_PARAM.name());
    }

    //运行时异常
    @ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
    public String runtimeExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,RuntimeException ex) {
         log.info("请求路径:"+request.getRequestURL().toString()+"+"RuntimeException :"+ex);
        return ResultModelUtil.failResult(DefaultResultCodeEnum.ADD_ERROR);
    }
 
    //空指针异常
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public String nullPointerExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,NullPointerException ex) {
          log.info("请求路径:"+request.getRequestURL().toString()+"+"NullPointerException :"+ex);
        return ResultModelUtil.failResult(DefaultResultCodeEnum.ADD_ERROR);
    }
 
    //类型转换异常
    @ExceptionHandler(ClassCastException.class)
    public String classCastExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,ClassCastException ex) {
         log.info("请求路径:"+request.getRequestURL().toString()+"+"ClassCastException :"+ex);
        return resultFormat(3, ex);
    }
 
    //IO异常
    @ExceptionHandler(IOException.class)
    public String iOExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest request,IOException ex) {
        log.info("请求路径:"+request.getRequestURL().toString()+"+"IOException :"+ex);
        return resultFormat(4, ex);
    }
 
    //未知方法异常
    @ExceptionHandler(NoSuchMethodException.class)
    public String noSuchMethodExceptionHandler(NoSuchMethodException ex) {
        return resultFormat(5, ex);
    }
 
    //数组越界异常
    @ExceptionHandler(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
    public String indexOutOfBoundsExceptionHandler(IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
        return resultFormat(6, ex);
    }
 
    //400错误
    @ExceptionHandler({HttpMessageNotReadableException.class})
    public String requestNotReadable(HttpMessageNotReadableException ex) {
        System.out.println("400..requestNotReadable");
        return resultFormat(7, ex);
    }
 
    //400错误
    @ExceptionHandler({TypeMismatchException.class})
    public String requestTypeMismatch(TypeMismatchException ex) {
        System.out.println("400..TypeMismatchException");
        return resultFormat(8, ex);
    }
 
    //400错误
    @ExceptionHandler({MissingServletRequestParameterException.class})
    public String requestMissingServletRequest(MissingServletRequestParameterException ex) {
        System.out.println("400..MissingServletRequest");
        return resultFormat(9, ex);
    }
 
    //405错误
    @ExceptionHandler({HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class})
    public String request405(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException ex) {
        return resultFormat(10, ex);
    }
 
    //406错误
    @ExceptionHandler({HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException.class})
    public String request406(HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException ex) {
        System.out.println("406...");
        return resultFormat(11, ex);
    }
 
    //500错误
    @ExceptionHandler({ConversionNotSupportedException.class, HttpMessageNotWritableException.class})
    public String server500(RuntimeException ex) {
        System.out.println("500...");
        return resultFormat(12, ex);
    }
 
    //栈溢出
    @ExceptionHandler({StackOverflowError.class})
    public String requestStackOverflow(StackOverflowError ex) {
        return resultFormat(13, ex);
    }
 
    //除数不能为0
    @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
    public String arithmeticException(ArithmeticException ex) {
        return resultFormat(13, ex);
    }
 
 
    //其他错误
    @ExceptionHandler({Exception.class})
    public String exception(Exception ex) {
        return resultFormat(14, ex);
    }
 
    private <T extends Throwable> String resultFormat(Integer code, T ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
        log.error(String.format(logExceptionFormat, code, ex.getMessage()));
        return JsonResult.failed(code, ex.getMessage());
    }
 
}

除了上面的运行时异常之外,还有一个是专门来处理业务异常的,接下来我们再来处理一个自定义业务异常类:

自定义业务异常类BaseException

package com.izkml.mlyun.framework.common.exception;

public class BaseException extends RuntimeException {
    private String errorCode;

    public String getErrorCode() {
        return this.errorCode;
    }

    public void setErrorCode(String errorCode) {
        this.errorCode = errorCode;
    }

    public BaseException(String errorCode, String message) {
        this(errorCode, message, (Throwable)null);
    }

    public BaseException(String errorCode, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
        this.errorCode = errorCode;
    }

    public BaseException(ErrorEnum errorEnum) {
        this(errorEnum.getCode(), errorEnum.getText(), (Throwable)null);
    }

    public BaseException(ErrorEnum errorEnum, Throwable cause) {
        this(errorEnum.getCode(), errorEnum.getText(), cause);
    }
}

SpringMVC@ResponseStatus注解的使用

有时候,我们在实战项目中并不关心返回消息体的内容,前端只关系后端返回的状态码到底是什么,这个时候我们就要做的专业点,那么此时这个注解就派上用场了

    //405-Method Not Allowed
    @ExceptionHandler(HTTPRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED)  //这个HttpStatus是个枚举类,可以点击进去有很多不同枚举
    public Map<String,Object> server500(RuntimeException ex) {
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("code",400);
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }

总结

我们开发无论什么服务都大体分为三层,controller,service,dao;其中servic一般不做任何系统类型异常处理(RuntimeException和Exception),只关注业务分析,但是有一种情况需要往上进行抛异常(比如,业务层中车牌号重复,需要告诉上游你的车牌号已经重复,需要一层一层的往上进行抛直到前端页面告知用户);除了这种业务需要判断的异常往上抛之外,异常需要在controller进行捕捉,通过try..catch..进行捕获或者使用全局异常进行拦截,事实上,对于服务器来说,它是200,正常返回的,而对不业务模块来说,它的状态是个500,嘿嘿,这点要清楚

posted @ 2020-07-22 14:09  荭丶尘  阅读(611)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报