django Form基础（一）
一、Forms模块使用:
1.入门
1.前端模板 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <!----- <form action="/fm/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <p><input type ="text" name="user" /> {{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p> <p><input type = "text" name="pwd" /> {{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p> <p><input type="text" name="email" /> {{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> 传统方式的表单 -----> <!------ 建议是在用这种方式，定制更灵活 <form action="/fm/" method="POST"> <p>{{ obj.user }}{{ obj.errors.user.0 }}</p> <p>{{ obj.pwd }}{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }}</p> <p>{{ obj.email }}{{ obj.errors.email.0 }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> -----> <form action="/fm/" method="POST"> {{ obj.as_p }} #建议用这个 #或 {{ obj.as_ul }} #或 <table> {{ obj.as_table }} </table> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html> 2.views文件 from django.shortcuts import render,redirect from django import forms from django.forms import fields from app01 import models class FM(forms.Form):
#field字段本身负责验证，widgit负责html样式 user=forms.CharField(
error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'}
widget= widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1','root':'id'})
label = "密码"
#class为添加的类属性，root为自定义属性
) #{"email": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}], "user": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}], "pwd": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}]} #已code为键,输入相关的值 pwd=forms.CharField( max_length=12, min_length=6, error_messages={'required':'密码不能为空','min_length':'最小长度为6','max_length':'最大长度为12'}
widget = widgets.PasswordInput #如果要定制样式属性,需要在后面加括号,如:
#widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'c2'})
#widget 中有如:radio,choice,input等标签
)
email=forms.EmailField(error_messages={'required':'邮箱不能为空','invalid':"邮箱格式错误"}) #前端的name值必须和本类中的变量名相同
def fm(request):
if request.method == "GET": obj = FM() #必须要写,否则看不到相关项
return render(request,'fm.html',{'obj':obj})
elif request.method=="POST":
#获取用户所有数据 #每条数据请求的验证 #成功:获取所有的正确的信息 #失败:显示错误信息
obj = FM(request.POST) r1=obj.is_valid() #验证是否成功
print(r1)
if r1:
print(obj.cleaned_data)
#获取的所有正确信息{'email': 'dfdf@163.com', 'user': 'dfdf', 'pwd': 'dfdf'}
models.UserInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data) #用户注册功能完成
return redirect('/fm/')
else:
print(obj.errors)
#不加as_json(),显示中文 返回内容:
#"<ul class="errorlist">
#<li>pwd<ul class="errorlist">
# <li>用户名不能为空</li>
#</ul>
#</li>
#<li>email<ul class="errorlist">
#<li>邮箱不能为空</li>
# </ul>
#</li>
#<li>user<ul class="errorlist">
#<li>用户名不能为空</li>
#</ul>
#</li>
#</ul>"
#所有都不输入,返回为:
#{"user": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}],
# "email": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}],
#"pwd": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}]}
print(obj.errors['user'])
#返回内容:"<ul class="errorlist"><li>用户名不能为空</li></ul>"
#获取相关字段的错误信息:
print(obj.errors['user'][0])
#返回内容:"用户名不能为空"
#获取错误信息中的第几个,错误信息格式:
{"email":[{"code":"required","message":"\u"}]}
return render(request,'fm.html',{'obj':obj})
return render(request, 'fm.html')
city1 = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=[(0,'上海'),(1,'广州'),(2,'东莞')]
)#单选
city2 = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=[(0, '上海'), (1, '广州'), (2, '东莞')]
)#多选
def fm(request):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = FM() #必须要写,否则看不到相关项
#初始化操作
dic = {
"user":'zhangsan',
"pwd":'123',
"email":'dfc@163.com',
"city1":1,
"city2":[1,2]
}
#obj = FM(initial=dic)
return render(request,'fm.html',{'obj':obj})
elif request.method=="POST":
#获取用户所有数据
#每条数据请求的验证
#成功:获取所有的正确的信息
#失败:显示错误信息
obj = FM(request.POST)
r1=obj.is_valid() #验证是否成功
print(r1)
if r1:
print(obj.cleaned_data)
#获取的所有正确信息{'email': 'dfdf@163.com', 'user': 'dfdf', 'pwd': 'dfdf'}
models.UserInfo.objects.create(**obj.cleaned_data)
#用户注册功能完成
return redirect('/fm/')
else:
#print(obj.errors)#不加as_json(),显示中文 返回内容:"<ul class="errorlist"><li>pwd<ul class="errorlist"><li>用户名不能为空</li></ul></li><li>email<ul class="errorlist"><li>邮箱不能为空</li></ul></li><li>user<ul class="errorlist"><li>用户名不能为空</li></ul></li></ul>"
#所有都不输入,返回为:{"user": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}], "email": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}], "pwd": [{"message": "This field is required.", "code": "required"}]}
#print(obj.errors['user']) #返回内容:"<ul class="errorlist"><li>用户名不能为空</li></ul>"
#获取相关字段的错误信息:
#print(obj.errors['user'][0]) #返回内容:"用户名不能为空"
#获取错误信息中的第几个,错误信息格式:{"email":[{"code":"required","message":"\u"}]}
return render(request,'fm.html',{'obj':obj})
return render(request, 'fm.html')
3.url文件 from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/', views.index), url(r'^fm/', views.fm), ]
2.Django内置的所有字段
1 Field #所有字段的基类 2 required=True, 是否允许为空 3 widget=None, HTML插件 4 label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容 5 initial=None, 初始值 6 help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示) 7 error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'} 8 show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件（可用于检验两次输入是否一直） 9 validators=[], 自定义验证规则 10 localize=False, 是否支持本地化 11 disabled=False, 是否可以编辑 12 label_suffix=None Label内容后缀 13 14 CharField(Field) 15 max_length=None, 最大长度 16 min_length=None, 最小长度 17 strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白 18 19 IntegerField(Field) 20 max_value=None, 最大值 21 min_value=None, 最小值 22 23 FloatField(IntegerField) 24 ... 25 26 DecimalField(IntegerField) 27 max_value=None, 最大值 28 min_value=None, 最小值 29 max_digits=None, 总长度 30 decimal_places=None, 小数位长度 31 32 DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：2015-09-01 33 TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式：11:12 34 DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式：2015-09-01 11:12 35 36 DurationField(Field) 时间间隔：%d %H:%M:%S.%f 37 ... 38 39 RegexField(CharField) 40 regex, 自定制正则表达式 41 max_length=None, 最大长度 42 min_length=None, 最小长度 43 error_message=None, 忽略，错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'} 44 45 EmailField(CharField) 46 ... 47 48 FileField(Field) 49 allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件 50 51 ImageField(FileField) 52 ... 53 注：需要PIL模块，pip3 install Pillow 54 以上两个字典使用时，需要注意两点： 55 - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data" 56 - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES) 57 58 URLField(Field) 59 ... 60 61 BooleanField(Field) 62 ... 63 64 NullBooleanField(BooleanField) 65 ... 66 67 ChoiceField(Field) 68 ... 69 choices=(), 选项，如：choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),) 70 required=True, 是否必填 71 widget=None, 插件，默认select插件 72 label=None, Label内容 73 initial=None, 初始值 74 help_text='', 帮助提示 75 76 77 ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField) 78 ... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField 79 queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据 80 empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容 81 to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段 82 limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选 83 84 85 ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField) 86 ... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField 87 88 89 TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField) 90 coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换 91 empty_value= '' 空值的默认值 92 93 MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField) 94 ... 95 96 TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField) 97 coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换 98 empty_value= '' 空值的默认值 99 100 101 ComboField(Field) 102 fields=() 使用多个验证，如下：即验证最大长度20，又验证邮箱格式 103 fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),]) 104 105 106 MultiValueField(Field) 107 PS: 抽象类，子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值，要配合MultiWidget使用 108 109 110 SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField) 111 input_date_formats=None, 格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y'] 112 input_time_formats=None 格式列表：['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M'] 113 114 115 116 FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项，目录下文件显示在页面中 117 path, 文件夹路径 118 match=None, 正则匹配 119 recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹 120 allow_files=True, 允许文件 121 allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹 122 required=True, 123 widget=None, 124 label=None, 125 initial=None, 126 help_text='' 127 128 129 130 GenericIPAddressField 131 protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式 132 unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候，可解析为192.0.2.1， PS：protocol必须为both才能启用 133 134 SlugField(CharField) 数字，字母，下划线，减号（连字符） 135 ... 136 137 138 UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型 139 ... 140
注：UUID是根据MAC以及当前时间等创建的不重复的随机字符串
# make a UUID based on the host ID and current time >>> uuid.uuid1() # doctest: +SKIP UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e') # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org') UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e') # make a random UUID >>> uuid.uuid4() # doctest: +SKIP UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da') # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org') UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d') # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored) >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}') # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form >>> str(x) '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f' # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID >>> x.bytes b'\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f' # make a UUID from a 16-byte string >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes) UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
常用插件
1 # 单radio，值为字符串 2 # user = fields.CharField( 3 # initial=2, 4 # widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) 5 # ) 6 7 # 单radio，值为字符串 8 # user = fields.ChoiceField( 9 # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), 10 # initial=2, 11 # widget=widgets.RadioSelect 12 # ) 13 14 # 单select，值为字符串 15 # user = fields.CharField( 16 # initial=2, 17 # widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) 18 # ) 19 20 # 单select，值为字符串 21 # user = fields.ChoiceField( 22 # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), 23 # initial=2, 24 # widget=widgets.Select 25 # ) 26 27 # 多选select，值为列表 28 # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( 29 # choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),), 30 # initial=[1,], 31 # widget=widgets.SelectMultiple 32 # ) 33 34 35 # 单checkbox 36 # user = fields.CharField( 37 # widget=widgets.CheckboxInput() 38 # ) 39 40 41 # 多选checkbox,值为列表 42 # user = fields.MultipleChoiceField( 43 # initial=[2, ], 44 # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),), 45 # widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple 46 # )
3.自定义验证规则
方法一:
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import fields from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class MyForm(Form): user = fields.CharField( validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', '请输入数字'), RegexValidator(r'^159[0-9]+$', '数字必须以159开头')], )
方法二:
import re
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
# 自定义验证规则
def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')
class PublishForm(Form):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={
'required': '标题不能为空',
'min_length': '标题最少为5个字符',
'max_length': '标题最多为20个字符'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': '标题5-20个字符'}))
# 使用自定义验证规则
phone = fields.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': '手机不能为空'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))
email = fields.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空', 'invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))
方法三:
from django import forms
from django.forms import fields
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
class FInfo(forms.Form):
username = fields.CharField(max_length=5,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.', 'invalid')], )
email = fields.EmailField()
def clean_username(self):
"""
Form中字段中定义的格式匹配完之后，执行此方法进行验证
:return:
"""
value = self.cleaned_data['username']
if "666" in value:
raise ValidationError('666已经被玩烂了...', 'invalid')
return value
方法四：同时生成多个标签进行验证fromdjango.formsimportForm
from django.forms import widgetsfrom django.forms import fieldsfrom django.core.validators import RegexValidator############## 自定义字段 ##############class PhoneField(fields.MultiValueField): def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # Define one message for all fields. error_messages = { 'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.', } # Or define a different message for each field. f = ( fields.CharField( error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'}, validators=[ RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'), ], ), fields.CharField( error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'}, validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')], ), fields.CharField( validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')], required=False, ), ) super(PhoneField, self).__init__(error_messages=error_messages, fields=f, require_all_fields=False, *args, **kwargs) def compress(self, data_list): """ 当用户验证都通过后，该值返回给用户 :param data_list: :return: """ return data_list############## 自定义插件 ##############class SplitPhoneWidget(widgets.MultiWidget): def __init__(self): ws = ( widgets.TextInput(), widgets.TextInput(), widgets.TextInput(), ) super(SplitPhoneWidget, self).__init__(ws) def decompress(self, value): """ 处理初始值，当初始值initial不是列表时，调用该方法 :param value: :return: """ if value: return value.split(',') return [None, None, None]初始化操作：
1.基本使用
1 ===1.forms.py文件=== 2 from django.forms import widgets 3 from django.forms import fields 4 from django import forms 5 from app02 import models 6 7 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): 8 user = fields.CharField( 9 required=False, 10 widget = widgets.Textarea( 11 attrs={ 12 'class':'c1' 13 } 14 ) 15 ) 16 pwd = fields.CharField( 17 max_length=12, 18 widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ 19 'class':'c1' 20 }) 21 ) 22 23 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( 24 choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,'超级用户'),], 25 widget = widgets.Select(choices=[]) 26 ) 27 28 ===2.views.py文件=== 29 from django.shortcuts import render 30 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 31 32 def index(request): 33 obj = UserInfoForm() 34 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj}) 35 36 ===3.index.html=== 37 <!DOCTYPE html> 38 <html lang="en"> 39 <head> 40 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 41 <title>Title</title> 42 </head> 43 <body> 44 <h1>c测试</h1> 45 <p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 46 <p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p> 47 <p>{{ obj.user_type }}</p> 48 49 </body> 50 </html> 51 ===4.models.py文件=== 52 from django.db import models 53 54 # Create your models here. 55 class UserType(models.Model): 56 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 57 58 class User(models.Model): 59 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 60 pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) 61 62 ===5.urls.py=== 63 from django.conf.urls import url,include 64 from app02 import views 65 66 urlpatterns = [ 67 url(r'^index/$', views.index), 68 ]
2、Form调用数据库字段
注：因为models中的类字段，均为静态字段，因此，在每次运行后，字段即永久驻留内存（除非重启服务），每次刷新后，因为创建的对象是对类的静态变量的深拷贝，因此数据库中新添加的字段不会因为刷新而自动更新。
1 ===1.forms.py=== 2 from django.forms import widgets 3 from django.forms import fields 4 from django import forms 5 from app02 import models 6 7 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): 8 user = fields.CharField( 9 required=False, 10 widget = widgets.Textarea( 11 attrs={ 12 'class':'c1' 13 } 14 ) 15 ) 16 pwd = fields.CharField( 17 max_length=12, 18 widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ 19 'class':'c1' 20 }) 21 ) 22 23 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( 24 25 #choices= models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name'), #红色为在forms.py中执行choice的方法二 26 #widget = widgets.Select 27 ) 28 ===2.views.py=== 29 from django.shortcuts import render 30 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 31 from app02 import models 32 # Create your views here. 33 def index(request): 34 obj = UserInfoForm() 35 #obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') #以上粉色内容为直接在views.py中执行的choice方法一 36 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj}) 37 38 ===3.index.html=== 39 <!DOCTYPE html> 40 <html lang="en"> 41 <head> 42 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 43 <title>Title</title> 44 </head> 45 <body> 46 <h1>测试</h1> 47 <p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 48 <p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p> 49 <p>{{ obj.user_type }}</p> 50 </body> 51 </html> 52 ===3.models.py=== 53 from django.db import models 54 55 # Create your models here. 56 class UserType(models.Model): 57 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 58 59 class User(models.Model): 60 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 61 pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) 62 ===4.urls.py=== 63 from django.conf.urls import url,include 64 from django.contrib import admin 65 from app02 import views 66 67 urlpatterns = [ 68 url(r'^index/$', views.index), 69 ]
3、Form表单不需要重启服务即可load数据的方法：
1 ===1.forms.py=== 2 from django.forms import widgets 3 from django.forms import fields 4 from django import forms 5 from app02 import models 6 7 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): 8 user = fields.CharField( 9 required=False, 10 widget = widgets.Textarea( 11 attrs={ 12 'class':'c1' 13 } 14 ) 15 ) 16 pwd = fields.CharField( 17 max_length=12, 18 widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ 19 'class':'c1' 20 }) 21 ) 22 23 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( 24 choices= models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name'), 25 widget = widgets.Select(choices) 26 ) 27 28 ===2.views.py=== 29 from django.shortcuts import render 30 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 31 from app02 import models 32 # Create your views here. 33 def index(request): 34 obj = UserInfoForm() 35 obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 36 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj}) 37 ===3.index.html=== 38 <!DOCTYPE html> 39 <html lang="en"> 40 <head> 41 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 42 <title>Title</title> 43 </head> 44 <body> 45 <h1>测试</h1> 46 <p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 47 <p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p> 48 <p>{{ obj.user_type }}</p> 49 </body> 50 </html> 51 ===4.models.py=== 52 from django.db import models 53 54 # Create your models here. 55 class UserType(models.Model): 56 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 57 58 class User(models.Model): 59 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 60 pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) 61 62 ===5.urls.py=== 63 from django.conf.urls import url,include 64 from django.contrib import admin 65 from app02 import views 66 67 urlpatterns = [ 68 url(r'^index/$', views.index), 69 ]
4、通过Forms初始化类，实现Forms
1 ===1.forms.py=== 2 from django.forms import widgets 3 from django.forms import fields 4 from django import forms 5 from app02 import models 6 7 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): 8 user = fields.CharField( 9 required=False, 10 widget = widgets.Textarea( 11 attrs={ 12 'class':'c1' 13 } 14 ) 15 ) 16 pwd = fields.CharField( 17 max_length=12, 18 widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ 19 'class':'c1' 20 }) 21 ) 22 23 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( 24 25 ) 26 # user_type2 = fields.CharField( 27 # widget = widgets.Select(choices=[]) 28 # ) 29 30 def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): 31 super(UserInfoForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) 32 self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 33 34 ===2.views.py=== 35 from django.shortcuts import render 36 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 37 from app02 import models 38 # Create your views here. 39 def index(request): 40 obj = UserInfoForm() 41 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj}) 42 43 ===3.index.html=== 44 <!DOCTYPE html> 45 <html lang="en"> 46 <head> 47 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 48 <title>Title</title> 49 </head> 50 <body> 51 <h1>form测试</h1> 52 <p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 53 <p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p> 54 <p>{{ obj.user_type }}</p> 55 </body> 56 </html> 57 58 ===4.models.py=== 59 from django.db import models 60 61 # Create your models here. 62 class UserType(models.Model): 63 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 64 65 class User(models.Model): 66 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 67 pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) 68 69 ===5.urls.py=== 70 from django.conf.urls import url,include 71 from django.contrib import admin 72 from app02 import views 73 74 urlpatterns = [ 75 url(r'^index/$', views.index), 76 ]
5、通过Charfield实现choice表单
1 ===1.forms.py=== 2 from django.forms import widgets 3 from django.forms import fields 4 from django import forms 5 from app02 import models 6 7 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): 8 user = fields.CharField( 9 required=False, 10 widget = widgets.Textarea( 11 attrs={ 12 'class':'c1' 13 } 14 ) 15 ) 16 pwd = fields.CharField( 17 max_length=12, 18 widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ 19 'class':'c1' 20 }) 21 ) 22 23 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( 24 #choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,'超级用户'),], 25 #choices= models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name'), 26 27 widget = widgets.Select(choices=[]) 28 ) 29 user_type2 = fields.CharField( 30 widget = widgets.Select(choices=[]) 31 ) 32 33 def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): 34 super(UserInfoForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) 35 # self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 36 self.fields['user_type2'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 37 38 ===2.views.py=== 39 from django.shortcuts import render 40 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 41 from app02 import models 42 # Create your views here. 43 def index(request): 44 obj = UserInfoForm() 45 #obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 46 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj}) 47 48 ===3.index.html=== 49 <!DOCTYPE html> 50 <html lang="en"> 51 <head> 52 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 53 <title>Title</title> 54 </head> 55 <body> 56 <h1>form测试</h1> 57 <p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 58 <p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p> 59 <p>{{ obj.user_type }}</p> 60 <p>{{ obj.user_type2 }}</p> 61 </body> 62 </html> 63 ===4.models.py=== 64 from django.db import models 65 66 # Create your models here. 67 class UserType(models.Model): 68 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 69 70 class User(models.Model): 71 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 72 pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) 73 74 ===5.urls.py=== 75 from django.conf.urls import url,include 76 from django.contrib import admin 77 from app02 import views 78 79 urlpatterns = [ 80 url(r'^index/$', views.index), 81 ]
6、通过ModelChoiceField调用
1 ===1.forms.py=== 2 from django.forms import widgets 3 from django.forms import fields 4 from django import forms 5 from app02 import models 6 from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField 7 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): 8 user = fields.CharField( 9 required=False, 10 widget = widgets.Textarea( 11 attrs={ 12 'class':'c1' 13 } 14 ) 15 ) 16 pwd = fields.CharField( 17 max_length=12, 18 widget = widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={ 19 'class':'c1' 20 }) 21 ) 22 23 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( 24 # #choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,'超级用户'),], 25 # #choices= models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name'), 26 # 27 widget = widgets.Select(choices=[]) 28 ) 29 user_type2 = fields.CharField( 30 widget = widgets.Select(choices=[]) 31 ) 32 33 user_type3=ModelChoiceField( 34 queryset=models.UserType.objects.all()
#queryset, #查询数据库中的数据
#empty_label="---------" #默认空显示内容
#to_field_name=None, #HTML中的value值的对应字段
#limit_choices_to=None #ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选
35 ) 36 37 def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): 38 super(UserInfoForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) 39 self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 40 self.fields['user_type2'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 41 ===2.views.py=== 42 from django.shortcuts import render 43 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 44 from app02 import models 45 # Create your views here. 46 def index(request): 47 obj = UserInfoForm() 48 #obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 49 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj}) 50 ===3.index.html=== 51 <!DOCTYPE html> 52 <html lang="en"> 53 <head> 54 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 55 <title>Title</title> 56 </head> 57 <body> 58 <h1>form测试</h1> 59 <p>{{ obj.user }}</p> 60 <p>{{ obj.pwd }}</p> 61 <p>{{ obj.user_type }}</p> 62 <p>{{ obj.user_type2 }}</p> 63 <p>{{ obj.user_type3 }}</p> 64 </body> 65 </html> 66 ===4.models.py=== 67 from django.db import models 68 69 # Create your models here. 70 class UserType(models.Model): 71 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 72 73 def __str__(self): 74 return self.name #只有此种形式需要加入此内容 75 76 class User(models.Model): 77 name = models.CharField(max_length=32) 78 pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32) 79 80 ===5.urls.py=== 81 from django.conf.urls import url,include 82 from django.contrib import admin 83 from app02 import views 84 85 urlpatterns = [ 86 87 url(r'^index/$', views.index), 88 ]
二、Form验证(钩子)
验证过程：
-每一个字段(正则，字段钩子)
-整体的错误信息
self._clean_fields()
self._clean_form()
self._post_clean()
1.表单付默认值：
1 ===2.views.py=== 2 from django.shortcuts import render 3 from app02.forms import UserInfoForm 4 from app02 import models 5 # Create your views here. 6 def index(request): 7 obj = UserInfoForm({'user':'zhangsan'}) 8 #obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') 9 return render(request,'app02/index.html',{'obj':obj})
2.钩子
1 ===1.forms.py=== 2 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError 3 class RegisterForm(forms.Form): 4 uesr = forms.CharField() 5 email = forms.EmailField() 6 7 #自定义验证规则，首先要上面默认的正则表达式完成，才能执行下面的验证方法 8 def clean_user(self): #clean_字段名,对单个字段进行验证 9 c = models.User.objects.filter(name=self.cleaned_data['user']).count() 10 if not c: 11 return self.cleaned_data['user'] 12 else: 13 14 raise ValidationError('用户名已经存在',code='xxx') 15 16 def clean_email(self): 17 return self.cleaned_data['email'] 18 19 def clean(self): #对整体进行验证 20 c = models.User.objects.filter(name=self.cleaned_data['user'],pwd=self.cleaned_data['pwd']).count() 21 if c: 22 return self.cleaned_data 23 else: 24 raise ValidationError('用户名或密码错误') 25 26 def _post_clean(self): 27 pass
3.forms信息存储位置
1 def register(request): 2 from app02.forms import RegisterForm 3 obj = RegisterForm(request.POST) 4 if obj.is_valid(): 5 obj.cleaned_data #存储经过验证的正确数据 6 else: 7 obj.errors 8 { 9 '__all__':[] #存储forms表单整体错误数据，如用户名密码不匹配，也可写成NON_FIELD_ERRORS==__all__ 10 'user':[{'code':'required','message':'xxxx'}], 11 'pwd':[{'code':'required','message':'xxx'}], 12 }
浙公网安备 33010602011771号