使用HttpClient和OkHttp调用服务的区别
1、有关于HttpClient和OkHttp两种调用服务的方式区别，我们先到overstackflow上看看大牛们的讨论。
所以从使用、性能、超时配置方面进行比较
使用
HttpClient和OkHttp一般用于调用其它服务，一般服务暴露出来的接口都为http，http常用请求类型就为GET、PUT、POST和DELETE，因此主要介绍这些请求类型的调用。
HttpClient使用介绍
使用HttpClient发送请求主要分为以下几步骤：
-
创建 CloseableHttpClient对象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient对象，前者同步，后者为异步
-
创建Http请求对象
-
调用execute方法执行请求，如果是异步请求在执行之前需调用start方法
创建连接：
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
该连接为同步连接
GET请求：
1 @Test
2 public void testGet() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/files/1";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
6 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
7 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
8 }
使用HttpGet表示该连接为GET请求，HttpClient调用execute方法发送GET请求
PUT请求：
1 @Test
2 public void testPut() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/user";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
6 UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
7 httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
8 httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
9 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
10 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
11 }
POST请求：
添加对象
1 @Test
2 public void testPost() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/user";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
6 UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
7 httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
8 httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
9 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
10 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
11 }
该请求是一个创建对象的请求，需要传入一个json字符串
上传文件
1 @Test
2 public void testUpload1() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/files/1";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
6 File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf");
7 FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
8 MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
9 builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
10 builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上传文件
11 HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
12 httpPost.setEntity(entity);
13 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
14 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
15 }
通过addPart上传文件
DELETE请求：
1 @Test
2 public void testDelete() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/user/12";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
6 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
7 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
8 }
请求的取消：
1 @Test
2 public void testCancel() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/files/1";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
6 httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
7 //测试连接的取消
8
9 long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
10 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
11 while (true) {
12 if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
13 httpGet.abort();
14 System.out.println("task canceled");
15 break;
16 }
17 }
18
19 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
20 }
调用abort方法取消请求 执行结果：
1 task canceled 2 cost 8098 msc 3 Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket' 4 5 java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
OkHttp使用
使用OkHttp发送请求主要分为以下几步骤：
-
创建OkHttpClient对象
-
创建Request对象
-
将Request 对象封装为Call
-
通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求，调用execute方法同步执行，调用enqueue方法异步执行
创建连接：
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
GET请求：
1 @Test
2 public void testGet() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/files/1";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 Request request = new Request.Builder()
6 .url(url)
7 .get()
8 .build();
9 final Call call = client.newCall(request);
10 Response response = call.execute();
11 System.out.println(response.body().string());
12 }
PUT请求：
1 @Test
2 public void testPut() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/user";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 //请求参数
6 UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
7 RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
8 JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
9 Request request = new Request.Builder()
10 .url(url)
11 .put(requestBody)
12 .build();
13 final Call call = client.newCall(request);
14 Response response = call.execute();
15 System.out.println(response.body().string());
16 }
POST请求：
添加对象
1 @Test
2 public void testPost() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/user";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 //请求参数
6 JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
7 json.put("name", "hetiantian");
8 RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json));
9 Request request = new Request.Builder()
10 .url(url)
11 .post(requestBody) //post请求
12 .build();
13 final Call call = client.newCall(request);
14 Response response = call.execute();
15 System.out.println(response.body().string());
16 }
上传文件
1 @Test
2 public void testUpload() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/files/1";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
6 .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
7 .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf",
8 RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
9 new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/学习/docker_practice.pdf")))
10 .build();
11 Request request = new Request.Builder()
12 .url(url)
13 .post(requestBody) //默认为GET请求，可以不写
14 .build();
15 final Call call = client.newCall(request);
16 Response response = call.execute();
17 System.out.println(response.body().string());
18 }
通过addFormDataPart方法模拟表单方式上传文件DELETE请求：
1 @Test
2 public void testDelete() throws IOException {
3 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
4 //请求参数
5 Request request = new Request.Builder()
6 .url(url)
7 .delete()
8 .build();
9 final Call call = client.newCall(request);
10 Response response = call.execute();
11 System.out.println(response.body().string());
12 }
请求的取消：
1 @Test
2 public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
3 String api = "/api/files/1";
4 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5 Request request = new Request.Builder()
6 .url(url)
7 .get()
8 .build();
9 final Call call = client.newCall(request);
10 Response response = call.execute();
11 long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
12 //测试连接的取消
13 while (true) {
14 //1分钟获取不到结果就取消请求
15 if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
16 call.cancel();
17 System.out.println("task canceled");
18 break;
19 }
20 }
21
22 System.out.println(response.body().string());
23 }
调用cancel方法进行取消 测试结果：
1 task canceled 2 cost 9110 msc 3 4 java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
小结：
OkHttp使用build模式创建对象来的更简洁一些，并且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示请求类型，不需要像HttpClient创建HttpGet、HttpPost等这些方法来创建请求类型
依赖包上，如果HttpClient需要发送异步请求、实现文件上传，需要额外的引入异步请求依赖
1 <!---文件上传--> 2 <dependency> 3 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 4 <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> 5 <version>4.5.3</version> 6 </dependency> 7 <!--异步请求--> 8 <dependency> 9 <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> 10 <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId> 11 <version>4.5.3</version> 12 </dependency>
请求的取消，HttpClient使用abort方法，OkHttp使用cancel方法，都挺简单的，如果使用的是异步client，则在抛出异常时调用取消请求的方法即可
超时设置
HttpClient超时设置：
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上，超时设置通过RequestConfig进行设置
1 private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
2 private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
3 .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
4 .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
5 String api = "/api/files/1";
6 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
7 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
8 httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //设置超时时间
超时时间是设置在请求类型HttpGet上，而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超时设置：
直接在OkHttp上进行设置
1 private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() 2 .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间 3 .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间 4 .build();
小结：
如果client是单例模式，HttpClient在设置超时方面来的更灵活，针对不同请求类型设置不同的超时时间，OkHttp一旦设置了超时时间，所有请求类型的超时时间也就确定
HttpClient和OkHttp性能比较
测试环境：
-
CPU 六核
-
内存 8G
-
windows10
每种测试用例都测试五次，排除偶然性
client连接为单例：
client连接不为单例：
单例模式下，HttpClient的响应速度要更快一些，单位为毫秒，性能差异相差不大
非单例模式下，OkHttp的性能更好，HttpClient创建连接比较耗时，因为多数情况下这些资源都会写成单例模式，因此图一的测试结果更具有参考价值
总结
OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲，根据实际业务选择即可
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