InternVL2.5L：多模态大模型初体验
本文记录在本地安装和测试InternVL2.5(8B版本)的过程和代码阅读
论文：https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.05271
Huggingface模型权重下载页：https://huggingface.co/collections/OpenGVLab/internvl25-673e1019b66e2218f68d7c1c
Github: https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL
本地环境：RTX3090，cuda 11.8，torch 2.0.0，ubuntu 22.04
1. 创建环境并安装相关依赖
# 创建虚拟环境
conda create -n internvl python=3.10 -y
conda activate intervl
# 安装基础依赖
modelscope/transformers, torch等
2. 下载模型：https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL
这里选择视觉编码器大小为300M，语言模型为7B，共8B大小的模型。
ModelScope提供了两种方式下载，1）下载到./cache/modelscope/hub里；2）下载到本地。
这里我们选择下载原始模型文件到本地
# 1）下载完整模型repo
modelscope download --model OpenGVLab/InternVL2_5-8B
# 2）下载完整文件到本地
modelscope download --model OpenGVLab/InternVL2_5-8B --local_dir /path/to/save/InternVL2_5-8B
然后就是漫长的等待下载过程（huggingface上下载可能需要换源）
3. 下载完成后通过transformers或者modelscope导入模型
#使用 BNB 8-bit Quantizatio，否则24g显存只能支持一轮图像问答。。
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
# from modelscope import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
path = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL2_5-8B' # 如果是本地则path = '/path/to/save/InternVL2_5-8B'
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
path,
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
load_in_8bit=True,
use_flash_attn=True,
trust_remote_code=True).eval()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)
4. 视觉编码器
包含两个大小的VIT视觉模型，300M的是从6B大小的模型得到的。
1. 图像切片
延续 InternVL 2.0，在 InternVL 2.5 中，动态高分辨率训练策略得到了进一步拓展，以更好地处理多图像和视频数据集。
从代码来看，输入到vit当中的图像都是448x448的，对于输入图像，会计算一个原始分辨率，然后根据设置的最大块数max_num，动态选择一个最接近原始分辨率的值，以保证图像经过reszie后不会严重失真。
举个例子，输入图像大小为1000x747，计算原始分辨率为1.33。设置最大的块数为12，得到可能的比例为[(1x1), (1x2)...(3x4)]等，选择与原始分辨率最接近的组合，为4x3。
然后将图像resize为(4x448, 3x448)，得到12块448x448，最后将原图resize为448x448得到一个完整的缩略图，最终得到维度为[13, 3, 448, 448]的数据。
def dynamic_preprocess(image, min_num=1, max_num=12, image_size=448, use_thumbnail=False):
orig_width, orig_height = image.size
aspect_ratio = orig_width / orig_height
# calculate the existing image aspect ratio
target_ratios = set(
(i, j) for n in range(min_num, max_num + 1) for i in range(1, n + 1) for j in range(1, n + 1) if
i * j <= max_num and i * j >= min_num)
target_ratios = sorted(target_ratios, key=lambda x: x[0] * x[1])
# find the closest aspect ratio to the target
target_aspect_ratio = find_closest_aspect_ratio(
aspect_ratio, target_ratios, orig_width, orig_height, image_size)
# calculate the target width and height
target_width = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[0]
target_height = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[1]
blocks = target_aspect_ratio[0] * target_aspect_ratio[1]
# resize the image
resized_img = image.resize((target_width, target_height))
processed_images = []
for i in range(blocks):
box = (
(i % (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
(i // (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
((i % (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size,
((i // (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size
)
# split the image
split_img = resized_img.crop(box)
processed_images.append(split_img)
assert len(processed_images) == blocks
if use_thumbnail and len(processed_images) != 1:
thumbnail_img = image.resize((image_size, image_size))
processed_images.append(thumbnail_img)
return processed_images
2. 提取视觉token并对齐到LLM
通过vit提取视觉特征：
输入特征维度是[13, 3, 448, 448]，经过视觉编码之后，得到视觉特征维度是[13, 1025, 1024]。
去除cls特殊token，得到[13, 1024, 1024]。
然后通过pixel_shuffle操作减少token的数量， downsample_ratio为1/2则token减少为原来的1/4；如果设置为1/4则减少为原来的1/16。
最后得到视觉token维度是[13, 256, 4096]，然后通过一个mlp层将特征对齐到语言模型（2B-2048，8B-4096）
5. 使用官方例子体验InternVL2_5
模型量化和多GPU可选：https://huggingface.co/OpenGVLab/InternVL2_5-8B
点击查看代码
import numpy as np
import torch
import torchvision.transforms as T
from decord import VideoReader, cpu
from PIL import Image
from torchvision.transforms.functional import InterpolationMode
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer # 或者 from modelscope import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
IMAGENET_MEAN = (0.485, 0.456, 0.406)
IMAGENET_STD = (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)
def build_transform(input_size):
MEAN, STD = IMAGENET_MEAN, IMAGENET_STD
transform = T.Compose([
T.Lambda(lambda img: img.convert('RGB') if img.mode != 'RGB' else img),
T.Resize((input_size, input_size), interpolation=InterpolationMode.BICUBIC),
T.ToTensor(),
T.Normalize(mean=MEAN, std=STD)
])
return transform
def find_closest_aspect_ratio(aspect_ratio, target_ratios, width, height, image_size):
best_ratio_diff = float('inf')
best_ratio = (1, 1)
area = width * height
for ratio in target_ratios:
target_aspect_ratio = ratio[0] / ratio[1]
ratio_diff = abs(aspect_ratio - target_aspect_ratio)
if ratio_diff < best_ratio_diff:
best_ratio_diff = ratio_diff
best_ratio = ratio
elif ratio_diff == best_ratio_diff:
if area > 0.5 * image_size * image_size * ratio[0] * ratio[1]:
best_ratio = ratio
return best_ratio
def dynamic_preprocess(image, min_num=1, max_num=12, image_size=448, use_thumbnail=False):
orig_width, orig_height = image.size
aspect_ratio = orig_width / orig_height
# calculate the existing image aspect ratio
target_ratios = set(
(i, j) for n in range(min_num, max_num + 1) for i in range(1, n + 1) for j in range(1, n + 1) if
i * j <= max_num and i * j >= min_num)
target_ratios = sorted(target_ratios, key=lambda x: x[0] * x[1])
# find the closest aspect ratio to the target
target_aspect_ratio = find_closest_aspect_ratio(
aspect_ratio, target_ratios, orig_width, orig_height, image_size)
# calculate the target width and height
target_width = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[0]
target_height = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[1]
blocks = target_aspect_ratio[0] * target_aspect_ratio[1]
# resize the image
resized_img = image.resize((target_width, target_height))
processed_images = []
for i in range(blocks):
box = (
(i % (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
(i // (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
((i % (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size,
((i // (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size
)
# split the image
split_img = resized_img.crop(box)
processed_images.append(split_img)
assert len(processed_images) == blocks
if use_thumbnail and len(processed_images) != 1:
thumbnail_img = image.resize((image_size, image_size))
processed_images.append(thumbnail_img)
return processed_images
def load_image(image_file, input_size=448, max_num=12):
image = Image.open(image_file).convert('RGB')
transform = build_transform(input_size=input_size)
images = dynamic_preprocess(image, image_size=input_size, use_thumbnail=True, max_num=max_num)
pixel_values = [transform(image) for image in images]
pixel_values = torch.stack(pixel_values)
return pixel_values
# If you have an 80G A100 GPU, you can put the entire model on a single GPU.
# Otherwise, you need to load a model using multiple GPUs, please refer to the `Multiple GPUs` section.
path = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL2_5-26B'
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
path,
torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
use_flash_attn=True,
trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)
# set the max number of tiles in `max_num`
pixel_values = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=True)
# pure-text conversation (纯文本对话)
question = 'Hello, who are you?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
question = 'Can you tell me a story?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
# single-image single-round conversation (单图单轮对话)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image shortly.'
response = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
# single-image multi-round conversation (单图多轮对话)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
question = 'Please write a poem according to the image.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
# multi-image multi-round conversation, combined images (多图多轮对话，拼接图像)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
question = '<image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
# multi-image multi-round conversation, separate images (多图多轮对话，独立图像)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]
question = 'Image-1: <image>\nImage-2: <image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
# batch inference, single image per sample (单图批处理)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
questions = ['<image>\nDescribe the image in detail.'] * len(num_patches_list)
responses = model.batch_chat(tokenizer, pixel_values,
num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
questions=questions,
generation_config=generation_config)
for question, response in zip(questions, responses):
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
# video multi-round conversation (视频多轮对话)
def get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=32):
if bound:
start, end = bound[0], bound[1]
else:
start, end = -100000, 100000
start_idx = max(first_idx, round(start * fps))
end_idx = min(round(end * fps), max_frame)
seg_size = float(end_idx - start_idx) / num_segments
frame_indices = np.array([
int(start_idx + (seg_size / 2) + np.round(seg_size * idx))
for idx in range(num_segments)
])
return frame_indices
def load_video(video_path, bound=None, input_size=448, max_num=1, num_segments=32):
vr = VideoReader(video_path, ctx=cpu(0), num_threads=1)
max_frame = len(vr) - 1
fps = float(vr.get_avg_fps())
pixel_values_list, num_patches_list = [], []
transform = build_transform(input_size=input_size)
frame_indices = get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=num_segments)
for frame_index in frame_indices:
img = Image.fromarray(vr[frame_index].asnumpy()).convert('RGB')
img = dynamic_preprocess(img, image_size=input_size, use_thumbnail=True, max_num=max_num)
pixel_values = [transform(tile) for tile in img]
pixel_values = torch.stack(pixel_values)
num_patches_list.append(pixel_values.shape[0])
pixel_values_list.append(pixel_values)
pixel_values = torch.cat(pixel_values_list)
return pixel_values, num_patches_list
video_path = './examples/red-panda.mp4'
pixel_values, num_patches_list = load_video(video_path, num_segments=8, max_num=1)
pixel_values = pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
video_prefix = ''.join([f'Frame{i+1}: <image>\n' for i in range(len(num_patches_list))])
question = video_prefix + 'What is the red panda doing?'
# Frame1: <image>\nFrame2: <image>\n...\nFrame8: <image>\n{question}
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
question = 'Describe this video in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')
6. 可能出现的问题
RuntimeError: GET was unable to find an engine to execute this computation
解决方案：降低torch版本到2.0或以下。
参考文章：
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/635824460
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59235945/article/details/144382162
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