Rust—结构体

结构体

　　

//定义结构体Student
struct Student{           
    name:&'static str,
    score:i32,
}
fn main(){
    let score = 59;
    let username ="zhangsan";

    let mut student = Student{
        score,
        name:username,
    };

    student.score = 60;
    println!("name:{},score:{}",student.name,student.score);

    let student2 = Student{
        name:"lisi",
        ..student      //有别于其他编程语言地方
    };
    println!("name:{},score:{}",student2.name,student2.score);
}

 输出结果：

　　

 

　　a.特殊结构体之元组结构体

　　　　只有字段类型，没有字段名称的特殊结构体

　　　　如定义颜色结构体：　　　　

struct Color(i32,i32,i32);
let balck = Color(0,0,0);

 　　　　定义坐标结构体：

struct Site(f64,f64,f64);
let location = Site(1.0,1.0,1.0);

　　b.特殊结构体之单元结构体

　　　　无任何成员

　　　　如struct just_unit_struct;

　　c.整个结构体输出　　　　

#[derive(Debug)]   //{:?}使用必需语句
struct Student{
    name:&'static str,
    score:i32,
}
fn main(){
    let score = 59;
    let username ="zhangsan";

    let mut student = Student{
        score,
        name:username,
    };

    student.score = 60;
    println!("name:{},score:{}",student.name,student.score);

    let student2 = Student{
        name:"lisi",
        ..student
    };
    println!("name:{},score:{}",student2.name,student2.score);


    //输出结构体student
    println!("struct student is {:?}",&student);
}

 　　　　输出结果：

 　　d.结构体方法

　

const pi:f64 = 3.141592f64;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point(f64,f64);

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Circle{
    Radius:f64,
    center_point:Point,
}
//结构体方法定义，拥有&self参数
impl Circle{
    fn area(&self)->f64{
        self.Radius*self.Radius*pi
    }
}

fn main(){
    let radius1:f64 = 1f64;
    let point1= Point(2f64,2f64);
    //println!("circle center point is ({},{})",point1.0,point1.1);  //放在此处OK
    let circle1 = Circle{
        Radius:radius1,
        center_point:point1,

    };
    //println!("circle center point is ({},{})",point1.0,point1.1);    //放在此处会报错，point1已经不存在了
    println!("circle center point is ({},{})",circle1.center_point.0,circle1.center_point.1);   
    println!("{:?} area is {}",circle1,circle1.area());
}

  　　　　输出结果：

 

　　e.结构体关联函数

　　

const pi:f64 = 3.141592f64;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point(f64,f64);
///结构体关联函数
impl Point{
    fn create(x:f64,y:f64)->Point{
        Point(x,y)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Circle{
    Radius:f64,
    center_point:Point,
}
///结构体方法
impl Circle{
    fn area(&self)->f64{
        self.Radius*self.Radius*pi
    }
}

fn main(){
    let radius1:f64 = 1f64;
    let point1= Point(2f64,2f64);
    let point2 = Point::create(1.0, 2.0);
    //println!("circle center point is ({},{})",point1.0,point1.1);  //放在此处OK
    let circle1 = Circle{
        Radius:radius1,
        center_point:point1,

    };
    //println!("circle center point is ({},{})",point1.0,point1.1);    //放在此处会报错，point1已经不存在了
    println!("circle center point1 is ({},{})",circle1.center_point.0,circle1.center_point.1);   
    println!("point2 is ({},{})",point2.0,point2.1);
    println!("{:?} area is {}",circle1,circle1.area());
}

 运行结果：