用python抓取oj题目（3）——django显示

　　之前讲过django的一些个东西，所以就不详细讲解了。主要说一下django是真怎使用已有数据库的（之前都是建立一个新的），还就是静态文件的问题，（setting部分）。

　　先把setting贴上来：

# Django settings for CatchShow project.
import os.path

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    # ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)

HERE = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
     #   'NAME': 'Oj',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'NAME': 'test',
        'USER': 'root',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': '123',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE =  'Asia/Shanghai'

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-CN'

SITE_ID = 1

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT= ''#'os.path.join(HERE,'static')

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
#MEDIA_URL = ''

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(HERE,'static').replace('\\','/')

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
#STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_URL = '/images/'

# URL prefix for admin static files -- CSS, JavaScript and images.
# Make sure to use a trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/static/admin/", "/static/admin/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    ("hdoj","/home/duoduo/images/hdoj"),
    "/home/duoduo/images",
    #"/home/duoduo/data/images/hdoj",
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
#    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = 'j#c+cf(ufoc^!)7ozqxlibwm218n1&%8bl0-utx7i$tlry$_6v'

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'CatchShow.urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
        os.path.join(HERE, 'templates').replace('\\','/'),    
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'hdoj',
    'toj',
)

# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'mail_admins': {
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
        }
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.request': {
            'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    }
}

　　先说使用数据库部分，在可以看到，我数据库的NAME = 'test',把路径切换到test下面 python manage.py help 回发现里面有一堆的命令，这次需要用的那就是这三个：inspectdb（使用现有数据库）、collectstatic（把静态文件存到设置的static文件下）。

　　好的，显示inspectdb，上图先：

　　额，出现来了这么咄admin的类，这几行无大有所为，因为我启用来admin界面管理，它在我数据库里面加了一堆表，原来只有hdoj的时候只有这一个。

　　然后把这个Hodj的class粘到hdoj的models.py里面去就ok了，已有数据库就能用了，比较容易。

　　接着是静态文件，STATIC_URL = '/images/'，说明模板里面只有有地方叫做/images/，django就会去查找你静态文件的路径去引用的想用到的文件。而这STATICFILES_DIRS = ( ("hdoj","/home/duoduo/images/hdoj"),"/home/duoduo/images",）个就是你设置的静态文件路径（本地）；最后STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(HERE,'static').replace('\\','/')就是你项目里面的静态文件。

　　在用之前说的collectstatic，运行之后会是这个样子：

　　点击yes后，会发现生成了一个static文件夹，static文件夹里面又有这些东西:

　　解释：通过collectstatic之后，文件可以直接加到你的STATIC_ROOT下,而保存的方式就有点意思了，看：STATICFILES_DIRS，如果是一个元组，比如("hdoj","/home/duoduo/images/hdoj")，则把/home/duoduo/images/hdoj里的东西 存到static/hdoj/下面，如果是个字符串"/home/duoduo/images"，那么就直接存到STATIC_ROOT根目录下，当然了，就算不执行collectstatic，依然可以引用静态文件。

　　比如这张图：

　　图片路径是<img src = '/images/hdoj/1056-1.gif'>，由于我们STATIC_URL = '/images/'，那么django在看到这个前缀后就会查找/home/duoduo/images/hdoj/1056-1.gif，然后把它给显示出来。
　　urls.py和之前一样，直接贴上来就可以了，最后贴一下吧：

from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns, include, url
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib import admin
from CatchShow.hdoj import views  as hdojViews
from CatchShow.toj import views  as tojViews
from django.conf.urls.static import static
import os
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$',hdojViews.homeIndex),
    url(r'^hdoj/',hdojViews.index),
    url(r'^toj/',tojViews.index),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^showhdojproblemid=(?P<id>\d{4})$',hdojViews.showProblem),
    url(r'^showtojproblemid=(?P<id>\d{4})$',tojViews.showProblem),
    url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT },name='media'),
    url(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT },name='static'),
        
)

　　这就是通过这次作业的一些记录，因为之前查找网上资料狠不明了，所以才想写一下，希望能帮助更多蛇友们，那句话说的好，let's good good study，day day up～