spring扩展点之一：BeanFactoryPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor

一、BeanFactoryPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor的区别

BeanFactoryPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor都是spring初始化bean的扩展点。两个接口非常相似。

BeanFactoryPostProcessor可以对bean的定义（配置元数据）进行处理。也就是说，Spring IoC容器允许BeanFactoryPostProcessor在容器实际实例化任何其它的bean之前读取配置元数据，并有可能修改它。如果你愿意，你可以配置多个BeanFactoryPostProcessor。你还能通过设置'order'属性来控制BeanFactoryPostProcessor的执行次序。

注册BeanFactoryPostProcessor的实例，需要重载void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;

通过beanFactory可以获取bean的示例或定义等。同时可以修改bean的属性，这是和BeanPostProcessor最大的区别。

例如：

BeanDefinition bd = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("xxBean");  
MutablePropertyValues mpv =  bd.getPropertyValues();  
if(pv.contains("xxName")) {  
    pv.addPropertyValue("xxName", "icoder");  
}

注册BeanPostProcessor的实例，需要重载

Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;

和

Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;

还有一点区别就是BeanFactoryPostProcessor的回调比BeanPostProcessor要早。

 

二、BeanPostProcessors

1、bean生成过程

首先回顾下bean的生命周期如下图：

 

2、BeanPostProcessors接口

public interface BeanPostProcessor {  
  
    /** 
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean 
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet} 
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.    
     */  
　　//实例化、依赖注入完毕，在调用显示的初始化之前完成一些定制的初始化任务  
    Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;  
  
      
    /** 
     * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean 
     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}   
     * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.       
     */  
　　//实例化、依赖注入、初始化完毕时执行  
    Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;  
  
}

如果这个接口的某个实现类被注册到某个容器，那么该容器的每个受管Bean在调用初始化方法的前后，都会获得该接口实现类的一个回调。容器调用接口定义的方法时会将该受管Bean的实例和名字通过参数传入方法，进过处理后通过方法的返回值返回给容器。

要使用BeanPostProcessor回调，就必须先在容器中注册实现该接口的类，那么如何注册呢？BeanFactory和ApplicationContext容器的注册方式不大一样：

• 若使用BeanFactory，则必须要显示的调用其addBeanPostProcessor()方法进行注册，参数为BeanPostProcessor实现类的实例；
• 如果是使用ApplicationContext，那么容器会在配置文件在中自动寻找实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的Bean，然后自动注册，我们要做的只是配置一个BeanPostProcessor实现类的Bean就可以了。

假如我们使用了多个的BeanPostProcessor的实现类，那么如何确定处理顺序呢？其实只要实现Ordered接口，设置order属性就可以很轻松的确定不同实现类的处理顺序了。

3、示例

3.1 applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">  
  
  
    <!-- 声明注解方式加载bean-->  
    <context:annotation-config/>  
  
    <!-- 要加载的bean的包路径-->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.meituan.hyt.test1"/>  
  
    <bean id="userPostProcessor" class="com.meituan.hyt.test1.UserPostProcessor"/>  
</beans>  

3.2 自己的业务bean

package com.meituan.hyt.test1;  
  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  
  
@Component  
public class User {  
    @Value("老名字")  
    private String name;  
    @Value("50")  
    private Integer id;  
  
    public Integer getId() {  
        return id;  
    }  
  
    public void setId(Integer id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  
  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String toString() {  
        return "User{" +  
                "name='" + name + '\'' +  
                ", id=" + id +  
                '}';  
    }  
} 

3.3 postProcessor bean

package com.meituan.hyt.test1;  
  
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;  
  
public class UserPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {  
    @Override  
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {  
        if(o instanceof User){  
            User user = (User)o;  
            user.setName("新名字");  
            user.setId(100);  
            return user;  
        }  
        return o;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {  
        return o;  
    }  
}  

3.4 测试方法

package com.meituan.hyt.test1;  
  
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;  
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;  
  
  
public class Main2 {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");  
        User user = (User) cxt.getBean("user");  
        System.out.println(user.toString());  
    }  
}  

3.5 执行结果

如果没有<bean id="userPostProcessor" class="com.meituan.hyt.test1.UserPostProcessor"/>
User{name='老名字', id=50}

添加<bean id="userPostProcessor" class="com.meituan.hyt.test1.UserPostProcessor"/>
User{name='新名字', id=100}

4、InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor是BeanPostProcessor的子接口

InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor是BeanPostProcessor的子接口，可以在Bean生命周期的另外两个时期提供扩展的回调接口，即实例化Bean之前（调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法）和实例化Bean之后（调用postProcessAfterInstantiation方法）。 其使用方法与上面介绍的BeanPostProcessor接口类似，只时回调时机不同。

 三、与BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的区别

BeanFactoryPostProcessor：允许自定义对ApplicationContext的 bean definitions 进行修饰，扩展功能。 

1、实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor 接口，会被Application contexts自动发现 
2、BeanFactoryPostProcessor 仅仅对 bean definitions 发生关系，不能对bean instances 交互，对bean instances 的交互，由BeanPostProcessor的实现来处理 
3、PropertyResourceConfigurer 是一个典型的实现 (PropertyResourceConfigurer是BeanFactoryPostProcessor的一个实现）

public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {

    /**
     * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard
     * initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans
     * will have been instantiated yet. This allows for overriding or adding
     * properties even to eager-initializing beans.
     * @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context
     * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
     */
    void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;

}

　　BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口实现类可以在当前BeanFactory初始化后，bean实例化之前对BeanFactory做一些处理。BeanFactoryPostProcessor是针对于bean容器的，在调用它时，BeanFactory只加载了bean的定义，还没有对它们进行实例化，所以我们可以通过对BeanFactory的处理来达到影响之后实例化bean的效果。跟BeanPostProcessor一样，ApplicationContext也能自动检测和调用容器中的BeanFactoryPostProcessor。 

示例1：

package com.meituan.hyt.test1;  
  
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;  
  
public class UserBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {  
    @Override  
    public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory configurableListableBeanFactory) throws BeansException {  
        System.out.println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor doing");  
    }  
}  

applicationContext.xml中添加bean配置

<bean id="userBeanFactoryPostProcessor" class="com.meituan.hyt.test1.UserBeanFactoryPostProcessor"/> 

重新运行，结果

BeanFactoryPostProcessor doing
User{name='新名字', id=100}

示例2：

有这样的也个业务场景： 

<bean id="user" class="com.gym.UserServiceImpl" >  
      <property name="username" value="${username_}"/>  
      <property name="password" value="${password_}"/>  
</bean>  

spring支持系统对username_进行占位符的配置为properties文件配置，试想如果我们有个配置中心，我们希望spring启动的时候，从远程配置中心取数据，而非本地文件，这里就需要我们自定义一个实现BeanFactoryPostProcessor的PropertyResourceConfigurer 实例。 
看下面的例子： 

bean.xml配置： 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"  
    default-autowire="byName">  
  
     <bean id="user" class="com.gym.UserServiceImpl" >  
       <property name="username" value="${username_}"/>  
       <property name="password" value="${password_}"/>  
     </bean>  
       
     <bean id="myFactoryPostProcessor" class="com.gym.MyFilePlaceHolderBeanFactoryPostProcessor"/>  
</beans> 

模拟从远程取文件： 

import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer;  
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderUtils;  
  
/** 
 * @author xinchun.wang 
 */  
public class MyFilePlaceHolderBeanFactoryPostProcessor   
    extends PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer implements InitializingBean{  
      
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {  
        List<Properties> list = new ArrayList<Properties>();  
        Properties p = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties("config.properties");  
        list.add(p);  
        //这里是关键，这就设置了我们远程取得的List<Properties>列表  
        setPropertiesArray(list.toArray(new Properties[list.size()]));  
    }  
      
} 

javaBean配置： 

public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{  
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserServiceImpl.class);  
  
    public UserServiceImpl(){  
        logger.info("UserServiceImpl 构造函数 ");  
    }  
      
    private String username;  
    private String password;  
  
    public String getUsername() {  
        return username;  
    }  
  
    public String getPassword() {  
        return password;  
    }  
  
    public void setUsername(String username) {  
        logger.info("UserServiceImpl setUsername {}",username);  
        this.username = username;  
    }  
  
    public void setPassword(String password) {  
        logger.info("UserServiceImpl setPassword {}",password);  
        this.password = password;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String toString() {  
        return "UserServiceImpl [username=" + username + ", password="  
                + password + "]";  
    }  
      
} 

测试： 

public class TestApplicationContext {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(  
                "classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml");  
        IUserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(IUserService.class);  
        String password = userService.getPassword();  
        applicationContext.destroy();  
        System.out.println(password);  
    }  
  
}