acm数论之旅--中国剩余定理
ACM数论之旅9---中国剩余定理(CRT)(壮哉我大中华╰(*°▽°*)╯)
中国剩余定理,又名孙子定理o(*≧▽≦)ツ
能求解什么问题呢?
问题:
一堆物品
3个3个分剩2个
5个5个分剩3个
7个7个分剩2个
问这个物品有多少个
解这题,我们需要构造一个答案
我们需要构造这个答案
5*7*inv(5*7, 3) % 3 = 1
3*7*inv(3*7, 5) % 5 = 1
3*5*inv(3*5, 7) % 7 = 1
这3个式子对不对,别告诉我逆元你忘了(*´∇`*),忘了的人请翻阅前几章复习
然后两边同乘你需要的数
2 * 5*7*inv(5*7, 3) % 3 = 2
3 * 3*7*inv(3*7, 5) % 5 = 3
2 * 3*5*inv(3*5, 7) % 7 = 2
令
a = 2 * 5*7*inv(5*7, 3)
b = 3 * 3*7*inv(3*7, 5)
c = 2 * 3*5*inv(3*5, 7)
那么
a % 3 = 2
b % 5 = 3
c % 7 = 2
其实答案就是a+b+c
因为
a%5 = a%7 = 0 因为a是5的倍数,也是7的倍数
b%3 = b%7 = 0 因为b是3的倍数,也是7的倍数
c%3 = c%5 = 0 因为c是3的倍数,也是5的倍数
所以
(a + b + c) % 3 = (a % 3) + (b % 3) + (c % 3) = 2 + 0 + 0 = 2
(a + b + c) % 5 = (a % 5) + (b % 5) + (c % 5) = 0 + 3 + 0 = 3
(a + b + c) % 7 = (a % 7) + (b % 7) + (c % 7) = 0 + 0 + 2 = 2
你看你看,答案是不是a+b+c(。・ω・)ノ゙,完全满足题意
但是答案,不只一个,有无穷个,每105个就是一个答案(105 = 3 * 5 * 7)
根据计算,答案等于233,233%105 = 23
如果题目问你最小的那个答案,那就是23了
以下抄自百度百科




 
  
 
 1 //n个方程:x=a[i](mod m[i]) (0<=i<n)
 2 LL china(int n, LL *a, LL *m){
 3     LL M = 1, ret = 0;
 4     for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) M *= m[i];
 5     for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
 6         LL w = M / m[i];
 7         ret = (ret + w * inv(w, m[i]) * a[i]) % M;
 8     }
 9     return (ret + M) % M;
10 } 
要不要来一道题试试手?
poj 1006
http://poj.org/problem?id=1006
问题描述:
人自出生起就有体力,情感和智力三个生理周期,分别为23,28和33天。一个周期内有一天为峰值,在这一天,人在对应的方面(体力,情感或智力)表现最好。通常这三个周期的峰值不会是同一天。现在给出三个日期,分别对应于体力,情感,智力出现峰值的日期。然后再给出一个起始日期,要求从这一天开始,算出最少再过多少天后三个峰值同时出现。
分析:
因为23 = 23
28 = 2*2*7
33 = 3*11
满足两两互质关系,所以直接套模板就好了
AC代码:
 
#include<cstdio>
typedef long long LL;
const int N = 100000 + 5;
void ex_gcd(LL a, LL b, LL &x, LL &y, LL &d){
    if (!b) {d = a, x = 1, y = 0;}
    else{
        ex_gcd(b, a % b, y, x, d);
        y -= x * (a / b);
    }
}
LL inv(LL t, LL p){//如果不存在,返回-1 
    LL d, x, y;
    ex_gcd(t, p, x, y, d);
    return d == 1 ? (x % p + p) % p : -1;
}
LL china(int n, LL *a, LL *m){//中国剩余定理 
    LL M = 1, ret = 0;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) M *= m[i];
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
        LL w = M / m[i];
        ret = (ret + w * inv(w, m[i]) * a[i]) % M;
    }
    return (ret + M) % M;
}
int main(){
    LL p[3], r[3], d, ans, MOD = 21252;
    int cas = 0;
    p[0] = 23; p[1] = 28; p[2] = 33;
    while(~scanf("%I64d%I64d%I64d%I64d", &r[0], &r[1], &r[2], &d) && (~r[0] || ~r[1] || ~r[2] || ~d)){
        ans = ((china(3, r, p) - d) % MOD + MOD) % MOD;
        printf("Case %d: the next triple peak occurs in %I64d days.\n", ++cas, ans ? ans : 21252);
    }
    
}
 1 #include<cstdio>
 2 typedef long long LL;
 3 const int N = 100000 + 5;
 4 void ex_gcd(LL a, LL b, LL &x, LL &y, LL &d){
 5     if (!b) {d = a, x = 1, y = 0;}
 6     else{
 7         ex_gcd(b, a % b, y, x, d);
 8         y -= x * (a / b);
 9     }
10 }
11 LL inv(LL t, LL p){//如果不存在,返回-1 
12     LL d, x, y;
13     ex_gcd(t, p, x, y, d);
14     return d == 1 ? (x % p + p) % p : -1;
15 }
16 LL china(int n, LL *a, LL *m){//中国剩余定理 
17     LL M = 1, ret = 0;
18     for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) M *= m[i];
19     for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
20         LL w = M / m[i];
21         ret = (ret + w * inv(w, m[i]) * a[i]) % M;
22     }
23     return (ret + M) % M;
24 }
25 int main(){
26     LL p[3], r[3], d, ans, MOD = 21252;
27     int cas = 0;
28     p[0] = 23; p[1] = 28; p[2] = 33;
29     while(~scanf("%I64d%I64d%I64d%I64d", &r[0], &r[1], &r[2], &d) && (~r[0] || ~r[1] || ~r[2] || ~d)){
30         ans = ((china(3, r, p) - d) % MOD + MOD) % MOD;
31         printf("Case %d: the next triple peak occurs in %I64d days.\n", ++cas, ans ? ans : 21252);
32     }
33     
34 }
当然,这个中国剩余定理只是基础,面对更强大的敌人,我们要有更强的武器
比如,m1,m2, ... ,mn两两不保证互质,辣怎么办(っ °Д °)っ
别怕,看我接着抛代码
 1 #include<cstdio>
 2 #include<algorithm>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 typedef long long LL;
 5 typedef pair<LL, LL> PLL;
 6 PLL linear(LL A[], LL B[], LL M[], int n) {//求解A[i]x = B[i] (mod M[i]),总共n个线性方程组 
 7     LL x = 0, m = 1;
 8     for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
 9         LL a = A[i] * m, b = B[i] - A[i]*x, d = gcd(M[i], a);
10         if(b % d != 0)  return PLL(0, -1);//答案不存在,返回-1 
11         LL t = b/d * inv(a/d, M[i]/d)%(M[i]/d);
12         x = x + m*t;
13         m *= M[i]/d;
14     }
15     x = (x % m + m ) % m;
16     return PLL(x, m);//返回的x就是答案,m是最后的lcm值 
17 }
这个代码我不给予解释(因为我不会,哇哈哈哈╰(*°▽°*)╯)
遇到需要的题就去套模板吧
(想知道代码原理的去百度吧,或者看《挑战程序设计竞赛》,我模板是从书里抄来经过杰哥修改的)
比如poj 2891
http://poj.org/problem?id=2891
【题目大意】
给出k个模方程组:x mod ai = ri。求x的最小正值。如果不存在这样的x,那么输出-1.
【题目分析】
由于这道题目里面的ai、ri之间不满足两两互质的性质,所以不能用中国剩余定理直接求解。
辣么。。。。愉快的套这个模板吧
AC代码如下:
 
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<LL, LL> PLL;
LL a[100000], b[100000], m[100000];
LL gcd(LL a, LL b){
    return b ? gcd(b, a%b) : a;
}
void ex_gcd(LL a, LL b, LL &x, LL &y, LL &d){
    if (!b) {d = a, x = 1, y = 0;}
    else{
        ex_gcd(b, a % b, y, x, d);
        y -= x * (a / b);
    }
}
LL inv(LL t, LL p){//如果不存在,返回-1 
    LL d, x, y;
    ex_gcd(t, p, x, y, d);
    return d == 1 ? (x % p + p) % p : -1;
}
PLL linear(LL A[], LL B[], LL M[], int n) {//求解A[i]x = B[i] (mod M[i]),总共n个线性方程组 
    LL x = 0, m = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
        LL a = A[i] * m, b = B[i] - A[i]*x, d = gcd(M[i], a);
        if(b % d != 0)  return PLL(0, -1);//答案,不存在,返回-1 
        LL t = b/d * inv(a/d, M[i]/d)%(M[i]/d);
        x = x + m*t;
        m *= M[i]/d;
    }
    x = (x % m + m ) % m;
    return PLL(x, m);//返回的x就是答案,m是最后的lcm值 
}
int main(){
    int n;
    while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF){
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
            a[i] = 1;
            scanf("%d%d", &m[i], &b[i]);
        }
        PLL ans = linear(a, b, m, n);
        if(ans.second == -1) printf("-1\n");
        else printf("%I64d\n", ans.first);
    }
}
 1 #include<cstdio>
 2 #include<algorithm>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 typedef long long LL;
 5 typedef pair<LL, LL> PLL;
 6 LL a[100000], b[100000], m[100000];
 7 LL gcd(LL a, LL b){
 8     return b ? gcd(b, a%b) : a;
 9 }
10 void ex_gcd(LL a, LL b, LL &x, LL &y, LL &d){
11     if (!b) {d = a, x = 1, y = 0;}
12     else{
13         ex_gcd(b, a % b, y, x, d);
14         y -= x * (a / b);
15     }
16 }
17 LL inv(LL t, LL p){//如果不存在,返回-1 
18     LL d, x, y;
19     ex_gcd(t, p, x, y, d);
20     return d == 1 ? (x % p + p) % p : -1;
21 }
22 PLL linear(LL A[], LL B[], LL M[], int n) {//求解A[i]x = B[i] (mod M[i]),总共n个线性方程组 
23     LL x = 0, m = 1;
24     for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++) {
25         LL a = A[i] * m, b = B[i] - A[i]*x, d = gcd(M[i], a);
26         if(b % d != 0)  return PLL(0, -1);//答案,不存在,返回-1 
27         LL t = b/d * inv(a/d, M[i]/d)%(M[i]/d);
28         x = x + m*t;
29         m *= M[i]/d;
30     }
31     x = (x % m + m ) % m;
32     return PLL(x, m);//返回的x就是答案,m是最后的lcm值 
33 }
34 int main(){
35     int n;
36     while(scanf("%d", &n) != EOF){
37         for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
38             a[i] = 1;
39             scanf("%d%d", &m[i], &b[i]);
40         }
41         PLL ans = linear(a, b, m, n);
42         if(ans.second == -1) printf("-1\n");
43         else printf("%I64d\n", ans.first);
44     }
45 }
 
                    
                

 
                
            
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