第134天学习打卡（Docker 容器命令 常用其他命令 Docker安装Nginx ）
说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，linux 下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动：
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 比如用 tomcat01 tomcat02用来区分容器
-d 以后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试 启动并进入容器
[root@kuangshen /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 300e315adb2f 5 months ago 209MB
[root@kuangshen /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 启动并进入容器
[root@3d251cf3eb8c /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos ,基础版本，很多命令是不完善的！
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@3d251cf3eb8c /]# exit
exit
[root@kuangshen /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt patch proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var www
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@kuangshen /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3d251cf3eb8c centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago sharp_merkle
6def942f2017 d1165f221234 "/hello" 22 hours ago Exited (0) 22 hours ago nifty_kapitsa
1035a714db40 d1165f221234 "/hello" 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago cool_faraday
[root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3d251cf3eb8c centos "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago sharp_merkle
[root@kuangshen /]# docker ps -aq
3d251cf3eb8c
6def942f2017
1035a714db40
退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器 不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除全部容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名！
[root@kuangshen /]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps 发现centos 停止了
# 常见的坑：docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有前台进程， docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# 比如docker 安装nginx, 容器启动后， 发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器 #问题 发现没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@kuangshen /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
[root@kuangshen /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8364489385d5 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds infallible_gauss
# 显示日志
-tf #显示日志
--tail number #显示日志条数
[root@kuangshen /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 8364489385d5
[root@kuangshen /]# docker logs -tf 8364489385d5
退出的命令ctrl + c
查看容器中进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@kuangshen /]# docker top 8364489385d5
UID (当前用户id) PID (进程id) PPID (父进程id) C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 29546 29527 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done
root 31081 29546 0 16:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
[root@kuangshen /]# docker inspect 8364489385d5
[
{
"Id": "8364489385d5ada3ec543c7d2daa9b7d1b642ed77d8256a32ee13977cb739eb5",
"Created": "2021-05-22T08:04:44.71016798Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 29546,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-05-22T08:04:44.981631883Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8364489385d5ada3ec543c7d2daa9b7d1b642ed77d8256a32ee13977cb739eb5/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8364489385d5ada3ec543c7d2daa9b7d1b642ed77d8256a32ee13977cb739eb5/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8364489385d5ada3ec543c7d2daa9b7d1b642ed77d8256a32ee13977cb739eb5/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8364489385d5ada3ec543c7d2daa9b7d1b642ed77d8256a32ee13977cb739eb5/8364489385d5ada3ec543c7d2daa9b7d1b642ed77d8256a32ee13977cb739eb5-json.log",
"Name": "/infallible_gauss",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems":