What Great .NET Developers Ought To Know

Author: Scott Hanselman

翻译：Tony Qu

Everyone who writes code

  • Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process?
  • What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a "standard" EXE?
  • What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address? Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect a system design?
  • What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?
  • What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why?
  • Corillian's product is a "Component Container." Name at least 3 component containers that ship now with the Windows Server Family.
  • What is a PID? How is it useful when troubleshooting a system?
  • How many processes can listen on a single TCP/IP port?
  • What is the GAC? What problem does it solve?

Mid-Level .NET Developer

  • Describe the difference between Interface-oriented, Object-oriented and Aspect-oriented programming.
  • Describe what an Interface is and how it’s different from a Class.
  • What is Reflection?
  • What is the difference between XML Web Services using ASMX and .NET Remoting using SOAP?
  • Are the type system represented by XmlSchema and the CLS isomorphic?
  • Conceptually, what is the difference between early-binding and late-binding?
  • Is using Assembly.Load a static reference or dynamic reference?
  • When would using Assembly.LoadFrom or Assembly.LoadFile be appropriate?
  • What is an Asssembly Qualified Name? Is it a filename? How is it different?
  • Is this valid? Assembly.Load("foo.dll");
  • How is a strongly-named assembly different from one that isn’t strongly-named?
  • Can DateTimes be null?
  • What is the JIT? What is NGEN? What are limitations and benefits of each?
  • How does the generational garbage collector in the .NET CLR manage object lifetime? What is non-deterministic finalization?
  • What is the difference between Finalize() and Dispose()?
  • How is the using() pattern useful? What is IDisposable? How does it support deterministic finalization?
  • What does this useful command line do? tasklist /m "mscor*"
  • What is the difference between in-proc and out-of-proc?
  • What technology enables out-of-proc communication in .NET?
  • When you’re running a component within ASP.NET, what process is it running within on Windows XP? Windows 2000? Windows 2003?

Senior Developers/Architects

  • What’s wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString);
  • What are PDBs? Where must they be located for debugging to work?
  • What is cyclomatic complexity and why is it important?
  • Write a standard lock() plus “double check” to create a critical section around a variable access.
  • What is FullTrust? Do GAC’ed assemblies have FullTrust?
  • What benefit does your code receive if you decorate it with attributes demanding specific Security permissions?
  • What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i "Corillian"
  • What does this do? sn -t foo.dll
  • What ports must be open for DCOM over a firewall? What is the purpose of Port 135?
  • Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each?
  • How does the XmlSerializer work? What ACL permissions does a process using it require?
  • Why is catch(Exception) almost always a bad idea?
  • What is the difference between Debug.Write and Trace.Write? When should each be used?
  • What is the difference between a Debug and Release build? Is there a significant speed difference? Why or why not?
  • Does JITting occur per-assembly or per-method? How does this affect the working set?
  • Contrast the use of an abstract base class against an interface?
  • What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?
  • In the context of a comparison, what is object identity versus object equivalence?
  • How would one do a deep copy in .NET?
  • Explain current thinking around IClonable.
  • What is boxing?
  • Is string a value type or a reference type?
  • What is the significance of the "PropertySpecified" pattern used by the XmlSerializer? What problem does it attempt to solve?
  • Why are out parameters a bad idea in .NET? Are they?
  • Can attributes be placed on specific parameters to a method? Why is this useful?

C# Component Developers

  • Juxtapose the use of override with new. What is shadowing?
  • Explain the use of virtual, sealed, override, and abstract.
  • Explain the importance and use of each component of this string: Foo.Bar, Version=2.0.205.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=593777ae2d274679d
  • Explain the differences between public, protected, private and internal.
  • What benefit do you get from using a Primary Interop Assembly (PIA)?
  • By what mechanism does NUnit know what methods to test?
  • What is the difference between: catch(Exception e){throw e;} and catch(Exception e){throw;}
  • What is the difference between typeof(foo) and myFoo.GetType()?
  • Explain what’s happening in the first constructor: public class c{ public c(string a) : this() {;}; public c() {;} } How is this construct useful?
  • What is this? Can this be used within a static method?

ASP.NET (UI) Developers

  • Describe how a browser-based Form POST becomes a Server-Side event like Button1_OnClick.
  • What is a PostBack?
  • What is ViewState? How is it encoded? Is it encrypted? Who uses ViewState?
  • What is the <machinekey> element and what two ASP.NET technologies is it used for?
  • What three Session State providers are available in ASP.NET 1.1? What are the pros and cons of each?
  • What is Web Gardening? How would using it affect a design?
  • Given one ASP.NET application, how many application objects does it have on a single proc box? A dual? A dual with Web Gardening enabled? How would this affect a design?
  • Are threads reused in ASP.NET between reqeusts? Does every HttpRequest get its own thread? Should you use Thread Local storage with ASP.NET?
  • Is the [ThreadStatic] attribute useful in ASP.NET? Are there side effects? Good or bad?
  • Give an example of how using an HttpHandler could simplify an existing design that serves Check Images from an .aspx page.
  • What kinds of events can an HttpModule subscribe to? What influence can they have on an implementation? What can be done without recompiling the ASP.NET Application?
  • Describe ways to present an arbitrary endpoint (URL) and route requests to that endpoint to ASP.NET.
  • Explain how cookies work. Give an example of Cookie abuse.
  • Explain the importance of HttpRequest.ValidateInput()?
  • What kind of data is passed via HTTP Headers?
  • Juxtapose the HTTP verbs GET and POST. What is HEAD?
  • Name and describe at least a half dozen HTTP Status Codes and what they express to the requesting client.
  • How does if-not-modified-since work? How can it be programmatically implemented with ASP.NET?
    Explain <@OutputCache%> and the usage of VaryByParam, VaryByHeader.
  • How does VaryByCustom work?
  • How would one implement ASP.NET HTML output caching, caching outgoing versions of pages generated via all values of q= except where q=5 (as in http://localhost/page.aspx?q=5)?

Developers using XML

  • What is the purpose of XML Namespaces?
  • When is the DOM appropriate for use? When is it not? Are there size limitations?
  • What is the WS-I Basic Profile and why is it important?
  • Write a small XML document that uses a default namespace and a qualified (prefixed) namespace. Include elements from both namespace.
  • What is the one fundamental difference between Elements and Attributes?
  • What is the difference between Well-Formed XML and Valid XML?
  • How would you validate XML using .NET?
  • Why is this almost always a bad idea? When is it a good idea? myXmlDocument.SelectNodes("//mynode");
  • Describe the difference between pull-style parsers (XmlReader) and eventing-readers (Sax)
  • What is the difference between XPathDocument and XmlDocument? Describe situations where one should be used over the other.
  • What is the difference between an XML "Fragment" and an XML "Document."
  • What does it meant to say “the canonical” form of XML?
  • Why is the XML InfoSet specification different from the Xml DOM? What does the InfoSet attempt to solve?
  • Contrast DTDs versus XSDs. What are their similarities and differences? Which is preferred and why?
  • Does System.Xml support DTDs? How?
  • Can any XML Schema be represented as an object graph? Vice versa?

任何一个使用.NET的人

  • 描述线程与进程的区别？
  • 什么是Windows服务，它的生命周期与标准的EXE程序有什么不同
  • Windows上的单个进程所能访问的最大内存量是多少？它与系统的最大虚拟内存一样吗？这对于系统设计有什么影响？
  • EXE和DLL之间的区别是什么？
  • 什么是强类型，什么是弱类型？哪种更好些？为什么?
  • PID是什么？在做系统的故障排除时如何使用它？
  • 单个TCP/IP端口上能够侦听多少个进程？
  • 什么是GAC？它解决了什么问题?

中级.NET开发人员

  • 阐述面向接口、面向对象、面向方面编程的区别
  • 什么是Interface？它与Class有什么区别？
  • 什么是反射?
  • 使用ASMX的XML Web服务与使用SOAP的.NET Remoting的区别?
  • 类型系统是由XMLSchema表示的吗？CLS是XMLSchema表示的吗？
  • 从概念上阐述前期绑定（early-binding）和后期绑定（late-binding）的区别?
  • 调用Assembly.Load算静态引用还是动态引用？
  • 何时使用Assembly.LoadFrom？何时使用Assembly.LoadFile？
  • 什么叫Assembly Qualified Name？它是一个文件名吗？它有什么不同？
  • Assembly.Load("foo.dll"); 这句话是否正确？
  • 做强签名的assembly与不做强签名的assembly有什么不同？
  • DateTime是否可以为null?
  • 什么叫JIT？什么是NGEN？它们分别有什么限制和好处？
  • .NET CLR中一代的垃圾收集器是如何管理对象的生命周期的？什么叫非确定性终结？
  • Finalize()和Dispose()之间的区别?
  • using() 语法有用吗？什么是IDisposable？它是如何实现确定性终结的。
  • tasklist /m "mscor*" 这句命令是干嘛的？
  • in-proc和out-of-proc的区别
  • .NET里的哪一项技术能够实现out-of-proc通讯？
  • 当你在ASP.NET中运行一个组件时，它在Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 2003上分别跑在哪个进程里面？

高级开发人员/架构师

  • DateTime.Parse(myString); 这行代码有什么问题？
  • PDB是什么东西? 在调试中它应该放在哪里？
  • 什么叫圈复杂度（cyclomatic complexity）？为什么它很重要？
  • 写一个标准的lock()，在访问变量的前后创建临界区，要有"双重检查"，
  • 什么叫FullTrust？放入GAC的assembly是否是FullTrust的?
  • 代码加上需要安全权限的特性有什么好处？
  • gacutil /l | find /i "Corillian" 这句命令的作用是什么？
  • sn -t foo.dll 这句命令是干嘛的？
  • DCOM需要防火墙打开哪些端口？端口135是干嘛用的？
  • 对比OOP和SOA，它们的目的分别是什么？
  • XmlSerializer是如何工作的？使用这个类的进程需要什么ACL权限？
  • 为什么不提倡catch(Exception)？
  • Debug.Write和Trace.Write有什么不同？何时应该使用哪一个？
  • Debug Build和Release Build的区别，是否会有明显的速度变化？请说明理由。
  • JIT是以assembly为单位发生还是以方法为单位发生？这对于工作区有何影响?
  • 对比抽象基类和接口的使用
  • a.Equals(b)和a == b一样吗？
  • 在对象比较中，对象一致和对象相等分别是指什么？
  • 在.NET中如何实现深拷贝（deep copy）？
  • 请解释一下IClonable
  • 什么叫装箱?
  • string是值类型还是引用类型?
  • XmlSerializer使用的针对属性的模式有什么好处？解决了什么问题？
  • 为什么不应该在.NET中使用out参数？它究竟好不好?
  • 特性能够放到某个方法的参数上？如果可以，这有什么用？

C# 组件开发人员

  • 什么时候使用override？什么时候使用new? 什么叫shadowing?
  • 解释virtual、sealed、override和abstract的区别
  • Foo.Bar, Version=2.0.205.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=593777ae2d274679d 解释这个字符串每个部分的重要性和作用
  • 解释public、protected、private和internal的区别
  • 使用Primary Interop Assembly (PIA)有什么好处?
  • NUnit是通过什么机制获知需要测试哪些方法的？
  • catch(Exception e){throw e;}和catch(Exception e){throw;}的区别
  • typeof(foo)和myFoo.GetType()的区别?
  • public class c{ public c(string a) : this() {;}; public c() {;} } 解释第一个构造函数中发生了什么？ 这个构造函数有什么用?
  • this是干嘛用的？能够用在static方法中？

ASP.NET (UI)开发人员

  • 阐述一个基于浏览器的Form POST如何变成一个服务器端的事件，如Button1_OnClick。
  • 什么是PostBack?
  • 什么是ViewState? 它是否被编码过? 是否被加密过？谁会使用ViewState?
  • <machinekey>元素是干嘛用的？它用于哪两项ASP.NET技术?
  • 说出ASP.NET 1.1中的3种Session State提供程序以及它们的优缺点?
  • 什么叫Web Gardening? 在设计中如何使用它?
  • 假设有一个ASP.NET应用程序，那么单独一个进程中允许多少应用程序对象？那两个进程呢？启用了Web Gardening的2个进程呢？这对设计有何影响？
  • ASP.NET会重用多个请求之间的线程吗？是否每个HttpRequest都有自己的线程？你是否应该用ASP.NET的Thread Local存储？
  • [ThreadStatic]属性在ASP.NET中有用吗？它有没有副作用？是好是坏？
  • 如何使用HttpHandler简化现有的为.aspx页面提供验证图片的设计
  • HttpModule订阅的是什么类型的事件? 这对于实现有何影响？如果不打算重新编译ASP.NE应用程序，应该怎么做？
  • 说出表示任意一个终端（URL）的方式，以及ASP.NET中把请求路由到那个终点的方式
  • 解释cookie的工作原理。给出一个滥用Cookie的例子。
  • 解释HttpRequest.ValidateInput()的重要性？
  • 哪些数据是通过HTTP Header传递的?
  • 对比HTTP动词GET和POST? 什么是HEAD?
  • 说出至少6个HTTP状态码以及它们的含义
  • if-not-modified-since的工作原理是什么? 用ASP.NET如何实现它？
  • 解释 <@OutputCache%>和如何使用VaryByParam、VaryByHeader.
  • VaryByCustom是如何工作的?
  • 如何通过q=? （除了q=5）来实现ASP.NET HTML输出缓冲和缓冲过期(比如http://localhost/page.aspx?q=5)?

XML开发人员

  • XML命名空间的作用?
  • 何时适合使用DOM？何时不适合？有没有尺度限制？
  • 什么是WS-I基本配置？它重要在哪里？
  • 写一个小XML文档，其中使用的是默认的命名空间，以及一个合法的（前缀）命名空间，其中要有分别属性这两个命名空间的元素
  • 元素和特性的基本区别在哪里？
  • 格式完好的XML和有效的XML有什么区别？
  • .NET中如何验证XML？
  • myXmlDocument.SelectNodes("//mynode"); 为什么这句代码不好？什么时候它是好的？
  • 拉式解析(XmlReader)与事件读取器(Sax)的区别
  • XPathDocument和XmlDocument的区别? 在何种情况下应该用哪一个？
  • “XML片断”与“XML文档”有什么区别
  • 什么叫格式规范的XML？
  • XML InfoSet规范与Xml DOM有什么不同? InfoSet是要解决什么问题？
  • 比较DTD和XSD，它们的相似点与区别分别是什么？哪个更好些？为什么？
  • System.Xml支持DTD吗？如果支持，如何使用？
  • XML Schema能够表示为对象图？对象图能够表示为XML Schema？
Posted on 2008-02-25 17:47  Dixin  阅读(357)  评论(0)    收藏  举报
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