Linux安装MySQL8.0

环境

• Centos 7
• MySQL 8

下载安装

1.进入MySQL官网选择对应版本下载

2.使用scp将下载的MySQL压缩文件上传到Linux

scp mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.1.1:mysql

scp: 上传命令

mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz : 上传的文件

root@192.168.1.1：Linux的账号和密码

mysql：Linux接收的目录，在~目录下

3.登录Linux，解压文件

通过ssh远程登录Linux

ssh root@192.168.1.1

进入~目录，解压

tar Jxvf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

4.将解压后的文件移动到/usr/local/mysql

/usr/local目录是用来存放本地资源，一般安装在这里

mv mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /usr/local/mysql

5.配置mysql

mysql配置文件是/etc下的my.cnf

打开文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

将该配置拷贝进文件

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# Skip #
skip_name_resolve              = 1
skip_external_locking          = 1 
skip_symbolic_links     = 1
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
# 字符集，默认是utf8mb4
character-set-server = utf8
socket  = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
pid_file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
port = 3306
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = off
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#read_only=on
# MyISAM #
key_buffer_size                = 32M
#myisam_recover                 = FORCE,BACKUP

# undo log #
innodb_undo_directory = /usr/local/mysql/undo
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 8

# SAFETY #
max_allowed_packet             = 100M
max_connect_errors             = 1000000
sysdate_is_now                 = 1
#innodb = FORCE
#innodb_strict_mode = 1
secure-file-priv='/tmp'
default_authentication_plugin='mysql_native_password'
# Replice #
 server-id = 1001
 relay_log = mysqld-relay-bin
 gtid_mode = on
 enforce-gtid-consistency
 log-slave-updates = on
 master_info_repository =TABLE
 relay_log_info_repository =TABLE


# DATA STORAGE #
 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
 tmpdir = /tmp
 
# BINARY LOGGING #
 log_bin = /usr/local/mysql/sql_log/mysql-bin
 max_binlog_size = 1000M
 binlog_format = row
 binlog_expire_logs_seconds=86400
# sync_binlog = 1

 # CACHES AND LIMITS #
 tmp_table_size                 = 32M
 max_heap_table_size            = 32M
 max_connections                = 4000
 thread_cache_size              = 2048
 open_files_limit               = 65535
 table_definition_cache         = 4096
 table_open_cache               = 4096
 sort_buffer_size               = 2M
 read_buffer_size               = 2M
 read_rnd_buffer_size           = 2M
# thread_concurrency             = 24
 join_buffer_size = 1M
# table_cache = 32768
 thread_stack = 512k
 max_length_for_sort_data = 16k

 # INNODB #
 innodb_flush_method            = O_DIRECT
 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
 innodb_file_per_table          = 1
 innodb_buffer_pool_size        = 256M
 #innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
 innodb_stats_on_metadata = off
 innodb_open_files = 8192
 innodb_read_io_threads = 16
 innodb_write_io_threads = 16
 innodb_io_capacity = 20000
 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 60
 innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
 innodb_use_native_aio = 1
 innodb_purge_threads=1
 innodb_change_buffering=all
 innodb_log_file_size = 64M
 innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
 innodb_data_file_path  = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
 
 innodb_rollback_on_timeout=on
 # LOGGING #
 log_error                      = /usr/local/mysql/sql_log/mysql-error.log
 # log_queries_not_using_indexes  = 1
 # slow_query_log                 = 1
  slow_query_log_file            = /usr/local/mysql/sql_log/slowlog.log

 # TimeOut #
 #interactive_timeout = 30
 #wait_timeout        = 30
 #net_read_timeout = 60

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 100M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

6.创建配置文件用到的目录

进入mysql目录

cd /usr/local/mysql

创建目录

mkdir data sql_log undo

7.创建mysql用户

因为要用到mysql用户来启动mysql

adduser mysql

8.赋予mysql用户读写文件的权限

chown mysql:mysql -R data sql_log undo

chmod -R 777 data sql_log undo

9.配置MySQL环境变量

打开环境变量配置文件

vim /etc/profile

在文件末尾添加MySQL环境变量

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

10.初始化MySQL

1.进入mysql目录

cd /usr/local/mysql

2.进行初始化

—user=mysql：初始化用户

--basedir=/usr/local/mysql：MySQL目录

--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data：MySQL数据存放目录

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

3.进入data目录，查看是否有文件

有文件就是启动成功

cd data

11.预备启动MySQL

进入mysql目录

cd /usr/local/mysql

将support-files/mysql.server拷贝到/etc/init.d/mysqld

• support-files/mysql.server：mysql启动脚本
• /etc/init.d/：用来存放服务脚本，可以通过service xxx start来启动

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

12.启动、停止、重启MySQL

service mysqld start|stop|restart

或者

/etc/init.d/mysqld start|stop|restart

13.测试是否启动成功

ps  -ef|grep mysqld

14.查看MySQL初始化密码

记录在sql_log的mysql_error.log中

进入sql_log目录

cd sql_log

查看mysql-error.log文件

grep password mysql-error.log

如果密码不在文件里，需要修改初始化密码

1.打开MySQL配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

2.添加跳过登录验证功能

在文件里添加这句即可

skip-grant-tables

3.wq保存退出

4.连接mysql

mysql

5.刷新权限表

flush privileges;

6.修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '你的密码'; 

7.退出exit，即修改成功

15.连接MySQL

mysql -uroot -p [-h]

-u : 用户

-p : 密码

-h : MySQL的ip