出自：http://www.cnblogs.com/knowledgesea/p/3897665.html

1.简单的linq语法

            //1
            var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     select r;
            //2
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme;
            //3
            string sssql = "select * from Am_recProScheme";

2.带where的查询

            //1
            var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     where r.rpId > 10
                     select r;
            //2
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Where(p => p.rpId > 10);
            //3
            string sssql = "select * from Am_recProScheme where rpid>10";

3.简单的函数计算（count，min，max，sum）

            //1
            ////获取最大的rpId
            //var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme
            //          select r).Max(p => p.rpId);
            ////获取最小的rpId
            //var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme
            //          select r).Min(p => p.rpId);
            //获取结果集的总数
            //var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme                  
            //         select r).Count();
            //获取rpId的和
            var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                      select r).Sum(p => p.rpId);


            //2
            //var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Max(p=>p.rpId);
            //var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Min(p => p.rpId);
            //var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Count() ;
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Sum(p => p.rpId);
            Response.Write(ss);

            //3
            string sssql = "select max(rpId) from Am_recProScheme";
                   sssql = "select min(rpId) from Am_recProScheme";
                   sssql = "select count(1) from Am_recProScheme";
                   sssql = "select sum(rpId) from Am_recProScheme";

4.排序order by desc/asc

            var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     where r.rpId > 10
                     orderby r.rpId descending  //倒序
                     //  orderby r.rpId ascending   //正序
                     select r;

            //正序
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.OrderBy(p => p.rpId).Where(p => p.rpId > 10).ToList();
            //倒序
            var ss2 = db.Am_recProScheme.OrderByDescending(p => p.rpId).Where(p => p.rpId > 10).ToList();

            string sssql = "select * from Am_recProScheme where rpid>10 order by rpId [desc|asc]";

5.top(1)

            //如果取最后一个可以按倒叙排列再取值
            var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme                     
                      select r).FirstOrDefault();

            //（）linq to ef 好像不支持 Last() 
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.FirstOrDefault();
            //var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.First();          

            string sssql = "select top(1) * from Am_recProScheme";

6.跳过前面多少条数据取余下的数据

            //1
            var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                      orderby r.rpId descending
                      select r).Skip(10); //跳过前10条数据，取10条之后的所有数据   
            //2  
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.OrderByDescending(p => p.rpId).Skip(10).ToList();
            //3
            string sssql = "select * from  (select ROW_NUMBER()over(order by rpId desc) as rowNum, * from [Am_recProScheme]) as t where rowNum>10";

7.分页数据查询

            //1
            var ss = (from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                      where r.rpId > 10
                      orderby r.rpId descending
                      select r).Skip(10).Take(10); //取第11条到第20条数据                   

            //2 Take(10): 数据从开始获取，获取指定数量（10）的连续数据
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.OrderByDescending(p => p.rpId).Where(p => p.rpId > 10).Skip(10).Take(10).ToList();
            //3
            string sssql = "select * from  (select ROW_NUMBER()over(order by rpId desc) as rowNum, * from [Am_recProScheme]) as t where rowNum>10 and rowNum<=20";

8.包含，类似like '%%'

            //1
            var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     where r.SortsText.Contains("张")
                     select r;
            //2
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Where(p => p.SortsText.Contains("张")).ToList();
            //3
            string sssql = "select * from Am_recProScheme where SortsText like '%张%'";

9.分组group by

            //1
            var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     orderby r.rpId descending
                     group r by r.recType into n
                     select new
                     {
                         n.Key,  //这个Key是recType
                         rpId = n.Sum(r => r.rpId), //组内rpId之和
                         MaxRpId = n.Max(r => r.rpId),//组内最大rpId
                         MinRpId = n.Min(r => r.rpId), //组内最小rpId
                     };
            foreach (var t in ss)
            {
                Response.Write(t.Key + "--" + t.rpId + "--" + t.MaxRpId + "--" + t.MinRpId);
            }
            //2
            var ss1 = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     orderby r.rpId descending
                     group r by r.recType into n
                     select n;
            foreach (var t in ss1)
            {
                Response.Write(t.Key + "--" + t.Min(p => p.rpId));
            }
            //3
            var ss2 = db.Am_recProScheme.GroupBy(p => p.recType);
            foreach (var t in ss2)
            {
                Response.Write(t.Key + "--" + t.Min(p => p.rpId));
            }
            //4
            string sssql = "select recType,min(rpId),max(rpId),sum(rpId) from Am_recProScheme group by recType";

10.连接查询

            //1
            var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme
                     join w in db.Am_Test_Result on r.rpId equals w.rsId
                     orderby r.rpId descending
                     select r;
            //2
            var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.Join(db.Am_Test_Result, p => p.rpId, r => r.rsId, (p, r) => p).OrderByDescending(p => p.rpId).ToList();
            //3
            string sssql = "select r.* from  [Am_recProScheme] as r inner join [dbo].[Am_Test_Result] as t on r.[rpId] = t.[rsId] order by r.[rpId] desc";

11.sql中的In

            //1
            var ss = from p in db.Am_recProScheme
                              where (new int?[] { 24, 25,26 }).Contains(p.rpId)
                              select p;
            foreach (var p in ss)
            {
                Response.Write(p.Sorts);
            }
            //2
            string st = "select * from Am_recProScheme where rpId in(24,25,26)";

Linq-排序Order By

http://www.cnblogs.com/dekevin/p/5639783.html

适用场景：对查询出的语句进行排序，比如按时间排序等等。

说明：按指定表达式对集合排序；延迟，：按指定表达式对集合排序；延迟，默认是升序，加上descending表示降序，对应的扩展方法是OrderBy和OrderByDescending

1.简单形式

这个例子使用 orderby 按雇用日期对雇员进行排序：

var q =
    from e in db.Employees
    orderby e.HireDate
    select e;

说明：默认为升序

2.带条件形式

注意：Where和Order By的顺序并不重要。而在T-SQL中，Where和Order By有严格的位置限制。

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    where o.ShipCity == "London"
    orderby o.Freight
    select o;

语句描述：使用where和orderby按运费进行排序。

3.降序排序

var q = 
    from p in db.Products
    orderby p.UnitPrice descending
    select p;

4.ThenBy

语句描述：使用复合的 orderby 对客户进行排序，进行排序：

var q =
    from c in db.Customers
    orderby c.City, c.ContactName
    select c;

说明：按多个表达式进行排序，例如先按City排序，当City相同时，按ContactName排序。这一句用Lambda表达式像这样写：

var q = 
    .OrderBy(c => c.City)
    .ThenBy(c => c.ContactName).ToList();

在T-SQL中没有ThenBy语句，其依然翻译为OrderBy，所以也可以用下面语句来表达：

var q = 
    db.Customers
    .OrderBy(c => c.ContactName)
    .OrderBy(c => c.City).ToList();

所要注意的是，多个OrderBy操作时，级连方式是按逆序。对于降序的，用相应的降序操作符替换即可。

var q = 
    db.Customers
    .OrderByDescending(c => c.City)
    .ThenByDescending(c => c.ContactName).ToList();

需要说明的是，OrderBy操作，不支持按type排序，也不支持匿名类。比如

var q = 
    db.Customers
    .OrderBy(c => new
    {
        c.City,
        c.ContactName
    }).ToList();

会被抛出异常。错误是前面的操作有匿名类，再跟OrderBy时，比较的是类别。比如

var q = 
    db.Customers
    .Select(c => new
    {
        c.City,
        c.Address
    })
    .OrderBy(c => c).ToList();

如果你想使用OrderBy(c => c)，其前提条件是，前面步骤中，所产生的对象的类别必须为C#语言的基本类型。比如下句，这里City为string类型。

var q = 
    db.Customers
    .Select(c => c.City)
    .OrderBy(c => c).ToList();

5.ThenByDescending

这两个扩展方式都是用在OrderBy/OrderByDescending之后的，第一个ThenBy/ThenByDescending扩展方法作为第二位排序依据，第二个ThenBy/ThenByDescending则作为第三位排序依据，以此类推

var q =
    from o in db.Orders
    where o.EmployeeID == 1
    orderby o.ShipCountry, o.Freight descending
    select o;

语句描述：使用orderby先按发往国家再按运费从高到低的顺序对 EmployeeID 1 的订单进行排序。

6.带GroupBy形式

var q = 
    from p in db.Products
    group p by p.CategoryID into g
    orderby g.Key
    select new {
        g.Key,
        MostExpensiveProducts =
            from p2 in g
            where p2.UnitPrice == g.Max(p3 => p3.UnitPrice)
            select p2
    };

语句描述：使用orderby、Max 和 Group By 得出每种类别中单价最高的产品，并按 CategoryID 对这组产品进行排序。

Linq中使用Left Join

http://www.cnblogs.com/xinjian/archive/2010/11/17/1879959.html

　　准备一些测试数据，如下：

use Test
Create table Student(
ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
[Name] nvarchar(50) not null
)

Create Table Book(
ID int identity(1,1) primary key,
[Name] nvarchar(50)not null,
StudentID int not null
)

insert into Student values('张三')
insert into Student values('李四')
insert into Student values('王五')
select * from student

--张三借的书
insert into Book values('红楼',1)
insert into Book values('大话红楼',1)

--李四借的书
insert into Book values('三国',2)

--王五没借书

--一本错误的记录
insert into Book values('错误时怎样练成的',111)

--左连接
select s.name,b.name from student as s
left join Book as b on s.id=b.studentid

--右连接
select s.name,b.name from student as s
right join Book as b on s.id=b.studentid

要用Linq实现左连接，写法如下

DataClasses1DataContext db = new DataClasses1DataContext();
var leftJoinSql = from student in db.Student
join book in db.Book on student.ID equals book.StudentID into temp
from tt in temp.DefaultIfEmpty()
select new
{
sname= student.Name,
bname = tt==null?"":tt.Name//这里主要第二个集合有可能为空。需要判断
};

用Linq实现右连接，写法如下

DataClasses1DataContext db=new DataClasses1DataContext();
var rightJoinSql = from book in db.Book
join stu in db.Student on book.StudentID equals stu.ID into joinTemp
from tmp in joinTemp.DefaultIfEmpty()
select new {
sname=tmp==null?"":tmp.Name,
bname=book.Name

};

参考资料：http://developer.51cto.com/art/200909/152189.htm

http://hi.baidu.com/thinsoft/blog/item/83fb1e9089cc7186a877a4b1.html

http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/12540006

http://www.winu.cn/space-14160-do-blog-id-25172.html

linq中如何在join中指定多个条件

public ActionResult Edit(int id)
        {
            using (DataContext db = new DataContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["sqlConnection"].ConnectionString))
            {
                IQueryable<ClassInformation> result = from c in db.GetTable<TClass>()
                                                      join t in db.GetTable<TTeacher>()
                                                      on new { id = c.ID, id1 = c.ID } 
                                                      equals new { id = t.ClassID, id1 = id }
                                                      select new ClassInformation { ID = c.ID, ClassID = t.ClassID, Name = c.Name, TeacherName = t.Name, Address = t.Address, Phone = t.Phone, Email = t.Email };
                ClassInformation k = result.Single();
                ViewData["K"] = k;
                return View();


            }

        }

借助于匿名类型：其实和解决按多条件分组的思路是一样的。

Linq Like

Selec * from table where id like '%AD%'
Selec * from table where id like '%AD'
Selec * from table where id like 'AD%'
上面的%是通配符，表示，该字段含有某个值，不知道的位置使用%代替。第一个是表示中间一段是AD，两头不清楚。第二个是结尾是AD,前面的不清楚。第三个相反，开头是AD，结尾不清楚。其对应的Linq 语句为

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where c.CustomerID.Contains("ROUT")
select c).ToList();
其生成的sql为

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactT
itle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Coun
try], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] LIKE @p0
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 6; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%ROUT%]
以ISSA结尾,头部通配：

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where c.CustomerID.EndsWith("ISSA")
select c).ToList();
其生成的sql为

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactT
itle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Coun
try], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] LIKE @p0
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%ISSA]
以ARO开始，尾部通配：

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where c.CustomerID.StartsWith("ARO")
select c).ToList();
其生成的sql为

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactT
itle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Coun
try], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] LIKE @p0
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 4; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [ARO%]

Linq 还提供了一种方法，叫做SqlMethods.Like，需要先添加System.Data.Linq.SqlClient名称空间。上面的三个可以写成

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "%ROUT%")
select c).ToList();
这里，你需要自己填写通配符，告诉Linq你是如何匹配。比如

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "%ISSA")
select c).ToList();
再比如：

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "ARO%")
select c).ToList();
SqlMethods.Like最奇妙的地方，莫过于，自己定义的通配表达式，你可以在任何地方实现通配。比如

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "A%O%T")
select c).ToList();
其生成的sql为

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactT
itle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Coun
try], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] LIKE @p0
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A%O%T]

就是最标准的知道以A开头，以T结尾，中间知道一个值O，其他就什么不知道了。就用这个。
SQL Server 定义了四种通配符，在这里都可以使用。它们是：
Wildcard character Description Example
% Any string of zero or more characters. WHERE title LIKE '%computer%' finds all book titles with the word 'computer' anywhere in the book title.
_ (underscore) Any single character. WHERE au_fname LIKE '_ean' finds all four-letter first names that end with ean (Dean, Sean, and so on).
[ ] Any single character within the specified range ([a-f]) or set ([abcdef]). WHERE au_lname LIKE '[C-P]arsen' finds author last names ending with arsen and beginning with any single character between C and P, for example Carsen, Larsen, Karsen, and so on.
[^] Any single character not within the specified range ([^a-f]) or set ([^abcdef]). WHERE au_lname LIKE 'de[^l]%' all author last names beginning with de and where the following letter is not l.

%表示零长度或任意长度的字符串。_表示一个字符。[]表示在某范围区间的一个字符。[^]表示不在某范围区间的一个字符
比如：

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "A_O_T")
select c).ToList();
就用_代表一个字符。其生成sql为

SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactT
itle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Coun
try], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] LIKE @p0
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A_O_T]

对于Not Like，也很简单，加个取非就是。

var q = (from c in db.Customers
where !SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "A_O_T")
select c).ToList();

SqlMethods.Like还有一个参数，叫escape Character，其将会被翻译成类似下面的语句。

SELECT columns FROM table WHERE
column LIKE '%\%%' ESCAPE '\'
escape 是因为某字段中含有特殊字符，比如%,_ [ ]这些被用作通配符的。这时就要用到Escape了。这是sql server的事情了。

posted on 2017-05-22 09:12 dianli 阅读(280) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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