使用Bower管理依赖以及版本控制

Bower用来管理项目的依赖，版本等问题

1. Bower官方站点： http://bower.io/
2. 使用NodeJS命令安装Bower: npm install -g bower（依赖Git）
3. 使用bower install命令安装所需要的依赖，安装后的文件位于bower_components目录下
   1. 常用的安装方式有：

• • • bower install jquery (在bower组件库注册)
    • bower install jquery/jquery (GitHub上的短语名)
    • bower install http://example.com/script.js (通过URL安装)
    • bower install git://github.com/user/package.git(Endpoint方式)
    • bower install my/local/folder(本地文件)
    • 更多方式查看：http://bower.io/docs/api/#install　
  1. 安装时可指定版本号：
     • #~1.2.3
     • #^1.2.3
     • #>=1.2.3 <2.0
  2. 可选的配置项
     • -F, --force-latest: Force latest version on conflict
     • -p, --production: Do not install project devDependencies
     • -S, --save: Save installed packages into the project’s bower.json dependencies
     • -D, --save-dev: Save installed packages into the project’s bower.json devDependencies

1. 组件搜索
   1. http://bower.io/search/
   2. 'package-name', OR 'keyword', OR 'keyword owner:jquery'
2. Bower 配置项
   1. power.json ( power init 命令生成)
      1. Interactively create a bower.json with bower init
         

      2. The bower.json spec defines several options, including:

         • name (required): The name of your package; please see Register section for how to name your package.
         • version: A semantic version number (see semver).
         • main string or array: The primary acting files necessary to use your package.
         • ignore array: An array of paths not needed in production that you want Bower to ignore when installing your package.
         • keywords array of string: (recommended) helps make your package easier to discover
         • dependencies hash: Packages your package depends upon in production. Note that you can specify ranges of versions for your dependencies.
         • devDependencies hash: Development dependencies.
         • private boolean: Set to true if you want to keep the package private and do not want to register the package in the future.
   2. .powerrc (http://bower.io/docs/config/#bowerrc-specification)
      1. The config is obtained by merging multiple configurations by this order of importance:
         • CLI arguments via --config
         • Environment variables
         • Local .bowerrc located in the current working directory
         • All .bowerrc files upwards the directory tree
         • .bowerrc file located in user’s home folder (~)
         • .bowerrc file located in the global folder (/)
      2. 常用的配置
         1. directory: The path in which installed components should be saved. If not specified this defaults tobower_components.

         2. proxy：The proxy to use for http requests.

         3. https-proxy: The proxy to use for https requests.

         4. timeout: The timeout to be used when making requests in milliseconds, defaults to 60000 ms.

3. API(http://bower.io/docs/api/):
   1. bower home <package> :  Opens a package homepage into your favorite browser.
   2. bower init: Interactively create a bower.json file
   3. bower list: List local packages and possible updates.
   4. bower prune: Uninstalls local extraneous packages
   5. bower update: Updates installed packages to their newest version according to bower.json.
   6. Programmatic API: Bower provides a powerful, programmatic API. All commands can be accessed through thebower.commands object.
   7. Using local cache: Bower supports installing packages from its local cache – without internet connection – if the packages were installed before. (bower install <package> --offline)