LaTeX各种数学符号

函数、符号及特殊字符

声调

语法	效果	语法	效果	语法	效果
\bar	$\bar{x}$	\acute	$\acute{\eta}$	\check	$\check{\alpha}$
\grave	$\grave{\eta}$	\breve	$\breve{a}$	\ddot	$\ddot{y}$
\dot	$\dot{x}$	\hat	$\hat{\alpha}$	\tilde	$\tilde{\iota}$

函数

语法	效果	语法	效果	语法	效果
\sin\theta	$\sin\!\theta$	\cos\theta	$\cos\!\theta$	\tan\theta	$\tan\theta$
\arcsin\frac{L}	$\arcsin\frac{L}{r}$	\arccos\frac{T}	$\arccos\frac{T}{r}$	\arctan\frac{L}	$\arctan\frac{L}{T}$
\sinh g	$\sinh\!g$	\cosh h	$\cosh\!h$	\tanh i	$\tanh\!i$
\operatorname{sh}j	$\operatorname{sh}j$	\operatorname{arcsinh}k	$\operatorname{arcsinh}k$	\operatorname{ch}h	$\operatorname{ch}h$
\limsup S	$\limsup S$	\liminf I	$\liminf I$	\max H	$\max H$
\min L	$\min L$	\inf s	$\inf s$	\sup t	$\sup t$
\exp t	$\exp t$	\ln X	$\ln X$	\lg X	$\lg X$
\lim_	$\lim_{\Delta x\to 0}$	\log X	$\log X$	\log_\alpha X	$\log_\alpha X$
\ker x	$\ker x$	\deg x	$\deg x$	\gcd(T,U,V,W,X)	$\gcd(T,U,V,W,X)$
\Pr x	$\Pr x$	\det x	$\det x$	\hom x	$\hom x$
\arg x	$\arg x$	\dim x	$\dim x$	\lim\limits_{t\to n}T	$\lim\limits_{t\to n}T$

同余

语法	效果	语法	效果
\pmod	$\pmod{m}$	a \bmod b	$a \bmod b$

微分

语法	效果	语法	效果
\nabla	$\nabla$	\partial x	$\partial x$
\mathrm{d}x	$\mathrm{d}x$	\dot x	$\dot x$
\ddot y	$\ddot y$

集合

语法	效果	语法	效果
\forall	$\forall$	\exists	$\exists$
\empty	$\empty$	\emptyset	$\emptyset$
\varnothing	$\varnothing$	\in	$\in$
\ni	$\ni$	\subset	$\subset$
\notin	$\notin$	\subseteq	$\subseteq$
\supset	$\supset$	\supseteq	$\supseteq$
\cap	$\cap$	\bigcap	$\bigcap$
\cup	$\cup$	\bigcup	$\bigcup$
\biguplus	$\biguplus$	\sqsubset	$\sqsubset$
\sqsubseteq	$\sqsubseteq$	\sqsupset	$\sqsupset$
\sqsupseteq	$\sqsupseteq$	\sqcap	$\sqcap$
\sqcup	$\sqcup$	\bigsqcup	$\bigsqcup$

逻辑

语法	效果	语法	效果
\land	$\land$	\wedge	$\wedge$
\bigwedge	$\bigwedge$	\bar{q} \to p	$\bar{q} \to p$
\lor	$\lor$	\vee	$\vee$
\bigvee	$\bigvee$	\lnot	$\lnot$
\neg q	$\neg q$	\setminus	$\setminus$
\smallsetminus	$\smallsetminus$

根号

语法	效果	语法	效果
\sqrt	$\sqrt{3}$	\sqrt[n]	$\sqrt[n]{3}$

关系符号

语法	效果	语法	效果
\Delta ABC\sim\Delta XYZ	$\Delta ABC\sim\Delta XYZ$	\sqrt{3}\approx1.73\ldots	$\sqrt{3}\approx1.73\ldots$
\simeq	$\simeq$	\cong	$\cong$
\dot=	$\dot=$	\ggg	$\ggg$
\gg	$\gg$	\ge	$\ge$
\geqq	$\geqq$	\leq	$\leq$
\leqq	$\leqq$	\ll	$\ll$
\lll	$\lll$	\equiv	$\equiv$
x\not\equiv N	$x\not\equiv N$	x\ne A	$x\ne A$
x\neq C	$x\neq C$	t\propto v	$t\propto v$
\pm	$\pm$	\mp	$\mp$
\gtrless	$\gtrless$	\lessgtr	$\lessgtr$

几何符号

语法	效果	语法	效果
\Diamond	$\Diamond$	\Box	$\Box$
\Delta	$\Delta$	\triangle	$\triangle$
\angle\Alpha	$\angle\Alpha$	60^\omicron	$60^\omicron$
\perp	$\perp$

箭头符号

语法	效果	语法	效果
\leftarrow	$\leftarrow$	\gets	$\gets$
\rightarrow	$\rightarrow$	\to	$\to$
\leftrightarrow	$\leftrightarrow$	\longleftarrow	$\longleftarrow$
\longrightarrow	$\longrightarrow$	\mapsto	$\mapsto$
\longmapsto	$\longmapsto$	\hookrightarrow	$\hookrightarrow$
\hookleftarrow	$\hookleftarrow$	\nearrow	$\nearrow$
\searrow	$\searrow$	\swarrow	$\swarrow$
\nwarrow	$\nwarrow$	\uparrow	$\uparrow$
\downarrow	$\downarrow$	\updownarrow	$\updownarrow$
\rightharpoonup	$\rightharpoonup$	\rightharpoondown	$\rightharpoondown$
\leftharpoonup	$\leftharpoonup$	\leftharpoondown	$\leftharpoondown$
\upharpoonleft	$\upharpoonleft$	\upharpoonright	$\upharpoonright$
\downharpoonleft	$\downharpoonleft$	\downharpoonright	$\downharpoonright$
\Leftarrow	$\Leftarrow$	\Rightarrow	$\Rightarrow$
\Leftrightarrow	$\Leftrightarrow$	\Longleftarrow	$\Longleftarrow$
\Longrightarrow	$\Longrightarrow$	\Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)	$\Longleftrightarrow$
\Uparrow	$\Uparrow$	\Downarrow	$\Downarrow$
\Updownarrow	$\Updownarrow$	\xrightarrow[a+b=c]	$\xrightarrow[a+b=c]{r}$
\xleftarrow[a+b=c]	$\xleftarrow[a+b=c]{r}$	\rightleftharpoons	$\rightleftharpoons$
\leadsto	$\leadsto$	\nleftarrow	$\nleftarrow$
\nrightarrow	$\nrightarrow$	\nLeftarrow	$\nLeftarrow$
\nRightarrow	$\nRightarrow$	\nleftrightarrow	$\nleftrightarrow$
\nLeftrightarrow	$\nLeftrightarrow$	\dashrightarrow	$\dashrightarrow$
\dashleftarrow	$\dashleftarrow$	\leftleftarrows	$\leftleftarrows$
\rightrightarrows	$\rightrightarrows$	\leftrightarrows	$\leftrightarrows$
\rightleftarrows	$\rightleftarrows$	\Lleftarrow	$\Lleftarrow$
\twoheadleftarrow	$\twoheadleftarrow$	\Rrightarrow	$\Rrightarrow$
\leftarrowtail	$\leftarrowtail$	\rightarrowtail	$\rightarrowtail$
\curvearrowleft	$\curvearrowleft$	\circlearrowleft	$\circlearrowleft$
\curvearrowright	$\curvearrowright$	\circlearrowright	$\circlearrowright$
\looparrowleft	$\looparrowleft$	\looparrowright	$\looparrowright$
\Lsh	$\Lsh$	\Rsh	$\Rsh$

特殊符号

语法	效果	语法	效果
\dagger	$\dagger$	\ddagger	$\ddagger$
\star	$\star$	\ldots	$\ldots$
%	$\%$	\smile	$\smile$
\frown	$\frown$	\wr	$\wr$
\oplus	$\oplus$	\bigoplus	$\bigoplus$
\otimes	$\otimes$	\bigotimes	$\bigotimes$
\times	$\times$	\cdot	$\cdot$
\div	$\div$	\circ	$\circ$
\bullet	$\bullet$	\bigodot	$\bigodot$
\boxtimes	$\boxtimes$	\boxplus	$\boxplus$
\triangleleft	$\triangleleft$	\triangleright	$\triangleright$
\infty	$\infty$	\bot	$\bot$
\top	$\top$	\vdash	$\vdash$
\vDash	$\vDash$	\Vdash	$\Vdash$
\models	$\models$	\lVert	$\lVert$
\rVert	$\rVert$	\imath	$\imath$
\hbar	$\hbar$	\ell	$\ell$
\mho	$\mho$	\Finv	$\Finv$
\Re	$\Re$	\Im	$\Im$
\wp	$\wp$	\complement	$\complement$
\diamondsuit	$\diamondsuit$	\heartsuit	$\heartsuit$
\clubsuit	$\clubsuit$	\spadesuit	$\spadesuit$
\Game	$\Game$	\flat	$\flat$
\natural	$\natural$	\sharp	$\sharp$
\lfloor x \rfloor	$\lfloor x \rfloor$	\lceil x \rceil	$\lceil x \rceil$

上标、下标及积分等

功能	语法	效果
上标	a^2	$a^2$
下标	a_2	$a_2$
组合	a^	$a^{2+2}$
组合	a_	$a_{i,j}$
结合上下标	x_2^3	$x_2^3$
前置上下标	{}_1^2\!X_3 ^4	${}_1^2\!X_3 ^4$
导数	x'	$x'$
导数	x^\prime	$x^\prime$
导数点	\dot	$\dot{x}$
导数点	\ddot	$\ddot{y}$
向量	\vec	$\vec{c}$
向量	\overleftarrow	$\overleftarrow{a b}$
向量	\overrightarrow	$\overrightarrow{c d}$
向量	\widehat	$\widehat{e f g}$
上弧	\overset{\frown}	$\overset{\frown} {AB}$
上划线	\overline	$\overline{h i j}$
下划线	\underline	$\underline{k l m}$
上括号	\overbrace	$\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}$
上括号	\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }\end	$\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }\end{matrix}$
下括号	\underbrace	$\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}$
下括号	\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26\end	$\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26\end{matrix}$
求和	\sum\limits_{k=1}^ N k^ 2	$\displaystyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^ N k^ 2$
求积	\prod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i	$\displaystyle\prod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i$
上积	\coprod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i	$\displaystyle\coprod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i$
极限	\lim\limits_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\lim\limits_{n \to \infty}x_n$
积分	\int_{-N}^ {N} e^ x, {\rm d}x	$\displaystyle\int_{-N}^ {N} e^ x\, {\rm d}x$
双重积分	\iint_{D}^ {W} , {\rm d}x{\rm d}y	$\displaystyle\iint_{D}^ {W} \, {\rm d}x{\rm d}y$
三重积分	\iiint_{E}^ {V} , {\rm d}x{\rm d}y{\rm d}z	$\displaystyle\iiint_{E}^ {V} \, {\rm d}x{\rm d}y{\rm d}z$
闭合的曲线曲面积分	\oint_{C} x^ 3, {\rm d}x + 4y^ 2, {\rm d}y	$\displaystyle\oint_{C} x^ 3\, {\rm d}x + 4y^ 2\, {\rm d}y$
交集	\bigcap_1^ {n} p	$\displaystyle\bigcap_1^ {n} p$
并集	\bigcup_1^ {k} p	$\displaystyle\bigcup_1^ {k} p$

分数、矩阵和多行列式

功能	语法	效果
分数	\frac{2}{4}=0.5	$$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$$
小型分数	\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5	$$\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5$$
大型分数（嵌套）	\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} =a	$$ \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} =a$$
大型分数（不嵌套）	\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d +\dfrac{2}{4}}} = a	$$\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d +\dfrac{2}{4}}} = a$$
二项式系数	\binom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=C^ n_r=C^ n_	$$\binom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=C^ n_r=C^ n_{n-r}$$
小型二项式系数	\tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=C^ n_r=C^ n_	$$ \tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=C^ n_r=C^ n_{n-r}$$
大型二项式系数	\binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=C^ n_r=C^ n_	$$\binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=C^ n_r=C^ n_{n-r}$$
矩阵	begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end	$$\begin{matrix}x & y \z & v\end{matrix}$$
矩阵	begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end	$$\begin{vmatrix}x & y \z & v\end{vmatrix}$$
矩阵	begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end	$$\begin{Vmatrix}x & y \z & v\end{Vmatrix}$$
矩阵	begin{bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end	$$\begin{bmatrix}x & y \z & v\end{bmatrix}$$
矩阵	begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end	$$\begin{Bmatrix}x & y \z & v\end{Bmatrix}$$
矩阵	begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end	$$\begin{pmatrix}x & y \z & v\end{pmatrix}$$
条件定义	f(n) =begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd} \end	$$f(n) =\begin{cases} n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}\end{cases}$$
多行等式（左对齐	begin{array}{lcl}z & = & a \f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end	$$\begin{array}{lcl}z & = & a \f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}$$
多行等式（右对齐）	begin{array}{lcr}z & = & a \f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end	$$\begin{array}{lcr}z & = & a \f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}$$

字体

希腊字母

语法	效果
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta\Theta	$\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta\Theta$
\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi	$\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi$
\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi\Omega	$\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi\Omega$
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta\theta	$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta\theta$
\iota \kappa\varkappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron\pi	$\iota \kappa\varkappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron\pi$
\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi\omega	$\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi\omega$
\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon	$\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon$
\Theta\theta\vartheta	$\Theta\theta\vartheta$
\Kappa\kappa\varkappa	$\Kappa\kappa\varkappa$
\Pi\pi\varpi	$\Pi\pi\varpi$
\Rho\rho\varrho	$\Rho\rho\varrho$
\Sigma\sigma\varsigma	$\Sigma\sigma\varsigma$
\Phi\phi\varphi	$\Phi\phi\varphi$

黑板粗体

\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

$\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$

手写体

\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

$\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$

哥特体

\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

$\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$

\mathfrak{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
$\mathfrak{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}$

罗马体

\mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

$\mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$

\operatorname{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
$\operatorname{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}$

Fraktur体

\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
$\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}$
\mathfrak{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
$\mathfrak{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}$
\mathfrak{0123456789}
$\mathfrak{0123456789}$

希伯来字母

\aleph\beth\gimel\daleth

$\aleph\beth\gimel\daleth$

括号

功能	语法	显示
不好看	( \dfrac{1}{2} )	$( \dfrac{1}{2} )$
好看了	\left( \dfrac{1}{2} \right)	$\left ( \dfrac{1}{2} \right )$
圆括号，小括号	\left( \dfrac{a}{b} \right)	$\left( \dfrac{a}{b} \right)$
方括号，中括号	\left[ \dfrac{a}{b} \right]	$\left[ \dfrac{a}{b} \right]$
花括号，大括号	\left{ \dfrac{a}{b} \right}	$\left\{ \dfrac{a}{b} \right\}$
角括号	\left \langle \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rangle	$\left \langle \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rangle$
单竖线，绝对值	\left\| \dfrac{a}{b} \right\|	$\left\| \dfrac{a}{b} \right\|$
双竖线，范数	\left \| \dfrac{a}{b} \right \|	$\left \| \dfrac{a}{b} \right \|$
取整函数（Floor function）	\left \lfloor \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rfloor	$\left \lfloor \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rfloor$
取顶函数（Ceiling function)	\left \lceil \dfrac{c}{d} \right \rceil	$\left \lceil \dfrac{c}{d} \right \rceil$
斜线与反斜线	\left / \dfrac{a}{b} \right \backslash	$\left / \dfrac{a}{b} \right \backslash$
混合括号	\left[ 0,1 \right )	$\left[0,1\right )$
单左括号	\left { \dfrac{a}{b} \right .	$\left \{ \dfrac{a}{b} \right .$
单右括号	\left . \dfrac{a}{b} \right }	$\left . \dfrac{a}{b} \right \}$
调整括号大小	\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big {\big\langle \left \| \| \dfrac{a}{b} \| \right \| \big \rangle\Big}\bigg ] \Bigg )	$\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{\big\langle \left \| \| \dfrac{a}{b} \| \right \| \big \rangle\Big\}\bigg ] \Bigg )$

空格

$\TeX$ 能够自动处理大多数的空格，但是您有时候需要自己来控制。

功能	语法	显示	宽度
quad空格	\alpha\quad\beta	$\alpha\quad\beta$	$2m$
大空格	\alpha\ \beta	$\alpha\ \beta$	$\dfrac{m}{3}$
中等空格	\alpha;\beta	$\alpha\;\beta$	$\dfrac{2m}{7}$
小空格	\alpha,\beta	$\alpha\,\beta$	$\dfrac{m}{6}$
没有空格	\alpha\beta	$\alpha\beta$	$0$
紧贴	\alpha\!\beta	$\alpha\!\beta$	$-\dfrac{m}{6}$

颜色

自定义编号列表

首先 \usepackage{enumerate} 包含 enumerate 宏包

\begin{enumerate}
	\item a
	\item b
	\item c
\end{enumerate}

可以使用以下方法自定义格式：

小括号

\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
	\item a
	\item b
	\item c
\end{enumerate}

罗马数字

\begin{enumerate}[i.]
	\item a
	\item b
	\item c
	\item d
\end{enumerate}

英文字母

\begin{enumerate}[a)]
	\item a
	\item b
	\item c
	\item d
\end{enumerate}

方括号

\begin{enumerate}
	\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{[\theenumi].}
	\item a
	\item b
	\item c
	\item d
\end{enumerate}

增广矩阵虚线

arydshln 宏包

\documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart}
\usepackage{arydshln}
\begin{document}
$$
\left[\begin{array}{ccc:ccc}
1 & 1 & 2 & 1 & 4 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 2 & -1 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0
\end{array}\right]
$$
\end{document}

pmat 宏包

\documentclass[UTF8]{ctexart}
\usepackage{pmat}
\begin{document}
$$
\begin{pmat}[{.|.}]
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \cr
0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \cr\-
-1 & 2 & 1 & 0 \cr
1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \cr
\end{pmat}
$$
\end{document}

其中，[{.|.}] 中的 . | 分别与 & 符号对应。

. 表示空格， | 表示虚线。

\cr 表示换行，\cr\- 表示下一行虚线。

[{.|.}] 这个部分不能省略，即使只是列向量，也要有：[{.}]

下标换行

 \sum_{\substack{k_0,k_1,\dots>0\\k_0+k_1+\dots=n}}F(k_i)

或

 \sum_{k_0,k_1,\dots>0\atop k_0+k_1+\dots=n}F(k_i)

\[\sum_{\substack{k_0,k_1,\dots>0\\k_0+k_1+\dots=n}}F(k_i) \]

参考资料

帮助:数学公式

posted @ 2025-09-24 22:30 梧桐鹿阅读(21) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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语法	效果	语法	效果	语法	效果
\bar	\(\bar{x}\)	\acute	\(\acute{\eta}\)	\check	\(\check{\alpha}\)
\grave	\(\grave{\eta}\)	\breve	\(\breve{a}\)	\ddot	\(\ddot{y}\)
\dot	\(\dot{x}\)	\hat	\(\hat{\alpha}\)	\tilde	\(\tilde{\iota}\)

语法	效果	语法	效果	语法	效果
\sin\theta	\(\sin\!\theta\)	\cos\theta	\(\cos\!\theta\)	\tan\theta	\(\tan\theta\)
\arcsin\frac{L}	\(\arcsin\frac{L}{r}\)	\arccos\frac{T}	\(\arccos\frac{T}{r}\)	\arctan\frac{L}	\(\arctan\frac{L}{T}\)
\sinh g	\(\sinh\!g\)	\cosh h	\(\cosh\!h\)	\tanh i	\(\tanh\!i\)
\operatorname{sh}j	\(\operatorname{sh}j\)	\operatorname{arcsinh}k	\(\operatorname{arcsinh}k\)	\operatorname{ch}h	\(\operatorname{ch}h\)
\limsup S	\(\limsup S\)	\liminf I	\(\liminf I\)	\max H	\(\max H\)
\min L	\(\min L\)	\inf s	\(\inf s\)	\sup t	\(\sup t\)
\exp t	\(\exp t\)	\ln X	\(\ln X\)	\lg X	\(\lg X\)
\lim_	\(\lim_{\Delta x\to 0}\)	\log X	\(\log X\)	\log_\alpha X	\(\log_\alpha X\)
\ker x	\(\ker x\)	\deg x	\(\deg x\)	\gcd(T,U,V,W,X)	\(\gcd(T,U,V,W,X)\)
\Pr x	\(\Pr x\)	\det x	\(\det x\)	\hom x	\(\hom x\)
\arg x	\(\arg x\)	\dim x	\(\dim x\)	\lim\limits_{t\to n}T	\(\lim\limits_{t\to n}T\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\nabla	\(\nabla\)	\partial x	\(\partial x\)
\mathrm{d}x	\(\mathrm{d}x\)	\dot x	\(\dot x\)
\ddot y	\(\ddot y\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\forall	\(\forall\)	\exists	\(\exists\)
\empty	\(\empty\)	\emptyset	\(\emptyset\)
\varnothing	\(\varnothing\)	\in	\(\in\)
\ni	\(\ni\)	\subset	\(\subset\)
\notin	\(\notin\)	\subseteq	\(\subseteq\)
\supset	\(\supset\)	\supseteq	\(\supseteq\)
\cap	\(\cap\)	\bigcap	\(\bigcap\)
\cup	\(\cup\)	\bigcup	\(\bigcup\)
\biguplus	\(\biguplus\)	\sqsubset	\(\sqsubset\)
\sqsubseteq	\(\sqsubseteq\)	\sqsupset	\(\sqsupset\)
\sqsupseteq	\(\sqsupseteq\)	\sqcap	\(\sqcap\)
\sqcup	\(\sqcup\)	\bigsqcup	\(\bigsqcup\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\land	\(\land\)	\wedge	\(\wedge\)
\bigwedge	\(\bigwedge\)	\bar{q} \to p	\(\bar{q} \to p\)
\lor	\(\lor\)	\vee	\(\vee\)
\bigvee	\(\bigvee\)	\lnot	\(\lnot\)
\neg q	\(\neg q\)	\setminus	\(\setminus\)
\smallsetminus	\(\smallsetminus\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\Delta ABC\sim\Delta XYZ	\(\Delta ABC\sim\Delta XYZ\)	\sqrt{3}\approx1.73\ldots	\(\sqrt{3}\approx1.73\ldots\)
\simeq	\(\simeq\)	\cong	\(\cong\)
\dot=	\(\dot=\)	\ggg	\(\ggg\)
\gg	\(\gg\)	\ge	\(\ge\)
\geqq	\(\geqq\)	\leq	\(\leq\)
\leqq	\(\leqq\)	\ll	\(\ll\)
\lll	\(\lll\)	\equiv	\(\equiv\)
x\not\equiv N	\(x\not\equiv N\)	x\ne A	\(x\ne A\)
x\neq C	\(x\neq C\)	t\propto v	\(t\propto v\)
\pm	\(\pm\)	\mp	\(\mp\)
\gtrless	\(\gtrless\)	\lessgtr	\(\lessgtr\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\Diamond	\(\Diamond\)	\Box	\(\Box\)
\Delta	\(\Delta\)	\triangle	\(\triangle\)
\angle\Alpha	\(\angle\Alpha\)	60^\omicron	\(60^\omicron\)
\perp	\(\perp\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\leftarrow	\(\leftarrow\)	\gets	\(\gets\)
\rightarrow	\(\rightarrow\)	\to	\(\to\)
\leftrightarrow	\(\leftrightarrow\)	\longleftarrow	\(\longleftarrow\)
\longrightarrow	\(\longrightarrow\)	\mapsto	\(\mapsto\)
\longmapsto	\(\longmapsto\)	\hookrightarrow	\(\hookrightarrow\)
\hookleftarrow	\(\hookleftarrow\)	\nearrow	\(\nearrow\)
\searrow	\(\searrow\)	\swarrow	\(\swarrow\)
\nwarrow	\(\nwarrow\)	\uparrow	\(\uparrow\)
\downarrow	\(\downarrow\)	\updownarrow	\(\updownarrow\)
\rightharpoonup	\(\rightharpoonup\)	\rightharpoondown	\(\rightharpoondown\)
\leftharpoonup	\(\leftharpoonup\)	\leftharpoondown	\(\leftharpoondown\)
\upharpoonleft	\(\upharpoonleft\)	\upharpoonright	\(\upharpoonright\)
\downharpoonleft	\(\downharpoonleft\)	\downharpoonright	\(\downharpoonright\)
\Leftarrow	\(\Leftarrow\)	\Rightarrow	\(\Rightarrow\)
\Leftrightarrow	\(\Leftrightarrow\)	\Longleftarrow	\(\Longleftarrow\)
\Longrightarrow	\(\Longrightarrow\)	\Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)	\(\Longleftrightarrow\)
\Uparrow	\(\Uparrow\)	\Downarrow	\(\Downarrow\)
\Updownarrow	\(\Updownarrow\)	\xrightarrow[a+b=c]	\(\xrightarrow[a+b=c]{r}\)
\xleftarrow[a+b=c]	\(\xleftarrow[a+b=c]{r}\)	\rightleftharpoons	\(\rightleftharpoons\)
\leadsto	\(\leadsto\)	\nleftarrow	\(\nleftarrow\)
\nrightarrow	\(\nrightarrow\)	\nLeftarrow	\(\nLeftarrow\)
\nRightarrow	\(\nRightarrow\)	\nleftrightarrow	\(\nleftrightarrow\)
\nLeftrightarrow	\(\nLeftrightarrow\)	\dashrightarrow	\(\dashrightarrow\)
\dashleftarrow	\(\dashleftarrow\)	\leftleftarrows	\(\leftleftarrows\)
\rightrightarrows	\(\rightrightarrows\)	\leftrightarrows	\(\leftrightarrows\)
\rightleftarrows	\(\rightleftarrows\)	\Lleftarrow	\(\Lleftarrow\)
\twoheadleftarrow	\(\twoheadleftarrow\)	\Rrightarrow	\(\Rrightarrow\)
\leftarrowtail	\(\leftarrowtail\)	\rightarrowtail	\(\rightarrowtail\)
\curvearrowleft	\(\curvearrowleft\)	\circlearrowleft	\(\circlearrowleft\)
\curvearrowright	\(\curvearrowright\)	\circlearrowright	\(\circlearrowright\)
\looparrowleft	\(\looparrowleft\)	\looparrowright	\(\looparrowright\)
\Lsh	\(\Lsh\)	\Rsh	\(\Rsh\)

语法	效果	语法	效果
\dagger	\(\dagger\)	\ddagger	\(\ddagger\)
\star	\(\star\)	\ldots	\(\ldots\)
%	\(\%\)	\smile	\(\smile\)
\frown	\(\frown\)	\wr	\(\wr\)
\oplus	\(\oplus\)	\bigoplus	\(\bigoplus\)
\otimes	\(\otimes\)	\bigotimes	\(\bigotimes\)
\times	\(\times\)	\cdot	\(\cdot\)
\div	\(\div\)	\circ	\(\circ\)
\bullet	\(\bullet\)	\bigodot	\(\bigodot\)
\boxtimes	\(\boxtimes\)	\boxplus	\(\boxplus\)
\triangleleft	\(\triangleleft\)	\triangleright	\(\triangleright\)
\infty	\(\infty\)	\bot	\(\bot\)
\top	\(\top\)	\vdash	\(\vdash\)
\vDash	\(\vDash\)	\Vdash	\(\Vdash\)
\models	\(\models\)	\lVert	\(\lVert\)
\rVert	\(\rVert\)	\imath	\(\imath\)
\hbar	\(\hbar\)	\ell	\(\ell\)
\mho	\(\mho\)	\Finv	\(\Finv\)
\Re	\(\Re\)	\Im	\(\Im\)
\wp	\(\wp\)	\complement	\(\complement\)
\diamondsuit	\(\diamondsuit\)	\heartsuit	\(\heartsuit\)
\clubsuit	\(\clubsuit\)	\spadesuit	\(\spadesuit\)
\Game	\(\Game\)	\flat	\(\flat\)
\natural	\(\natural\)	\sharp	\(\sharp\)
\lfloor x \rfloor	\(\lfloor x \rfloor\)	\lceil x \rceil	\(\lceil x \rceil\)

功能	语法	效果
上标	a^2	\(a^2\)
下标	a_2	\(a_2\)
组合	a^	\(a^{2+2}\)
组合	a_	\(a_{i,j}\)
结合上下标	x_2^3	\(x_2^3\)
前置上下标	{}_1^2\!X_3 ^4	\({}_1^2\!X_3 ^4\)
导数	x'	\(x'\)
导数	x^\prime	\(x^\prime\)
导数点	\dot	\(\dot{x}\)
导数点	\ddot	\(\ddot{y}\)
向量	\vec	\(\vec{c}\)
向量	\overleftarrow	\(\overleftarrow{a b}\)
向量	\overrightarrow	\(\overrightarrow{c d}\)
向量	\widehat	\(\widehat{e f g}\)
上弧	\overset{\frown}	\(\overset{\frown} {AB}\)
上划线	\overline	\(\overline{h i j}\)
下划线	\underline	\(\underline{k l m}\)
上括号	\overbrace	\(\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}\)
上括号	\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }\end	\(\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }\end{matrix}\)
下括号	\underbrace	\(\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}\)
下括号	\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26\end	\(\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26\end{matrix}\)
求和	\sum\limits_{k=1}^ N k^ 2	\(\displaystyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^ N k^ 2\)
求积	\prod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i	\(\displaystyle\prod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i\)
上积	\coprod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i	\(\displaystyle\coprod\limits_{i=1}^ N x_i\)
极限	\lim\limits_{n \to \infty}x_n	\(\lim\limits_{n \to \infty}x_n\)
积分	\int_{-N}^ {N} e^ x, {\rm d}x	\(\displaystyle\int_{-N}^ {N} e^ x\, {\rm d}x\)
双重积分	\iint_{D}^ {W} , {\rm d}x{\rm d}y	\(\displaystyle\iint_{D}^ {W} \, {\rm d}x{\rm d}y\)
三重积分	\iiint_{E}^ {V} , {\rm d}x{\rm d}y{\rm d}z	\(\displaystyle\iiint_{E}^ {V} \, {\rm d}x{\rm d}y{\rm d}z\)
闭合的曲线曲面积分	\oint_{C} x^ 3, {\rm d}x + 4y^ 2, {\rm d}y	\(\displaystyle\oint_{C} x^ 3\, {\rm d}x + 4y^ 2\, {\rm d}y\)
交集	\bigcap_1^ {n} p	\(\displaystyle\bigcap_1^ {n} p\)
并集	\bigcup_1^ {k} p	\(\displaystyle\bigcup_1^ {k} p\)

语法	效果
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta\Theta	\(\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta\Theta\)
\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi	\(\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi\)
\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi\Omega	\(\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi\Omega\)
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta\theta	\(\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta\theta\)
\iota \kappa\varkappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron\pi	\(\iota \kappa\varkappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron\pi\)
\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi\omega	\(\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi\omega\)
\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon	\(\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon\)
\Theta\theta\vartheta	\(\Theta\theta\vartheta\)
\Kappa\kappa\varkappa	\(\Kappa\kappa\varkappa\)
\Pi\pi\varpi	\(\Pi\pi\varpi\)
\Rho\rho\varrho	\(\Rho\rho\varrho\)
\Sigma\sigma\varsigma	\(\Sigma\sigma\varsigma\)
\Phi\phi\varphi	\(\Phi\phi\varphi\)

功能	语法	显示
不好看	( \dfrac{1}{2} )	\(( \dfrac{1}{2} )\)
好看了	\left( \dfrac{1}{2} \right)	\(\left ( \dfrac{1}{2} \right )\)
圆括号，小括号	\left( \dfrac{a}{b} \right)	\(\left( \dfrac{a}{b} \right)\)
方括号，中括号	\left[ \dfrac{a}{b} \right]	\(\left[ \dfrac{a}{b} \right]\)
花括号，大括号	\left{ \dfrac{a}{b} \right}	\(\left\{ \dfrac{a}{b} \right\}\)
角括号	\left \langle \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rangle	\(\left \langle \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rangle\)
单竖线，绝对值	\left\| \dfrac{a}{b} \right\|	\(\left\| \dfrac{a}{b} \right\|\)
双竖线，范数	\left \| \dfrac{a}{b} \right \|	\(\left \| \dfrac{a}{b} \right \|\)
取整函数（Floor function）	\left \lfloor \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rfloor	\(\left \lfloor \dfrac{a}{b} \right \rfloor\)
取顶函数（Ceiling function)	\left \lceil \dfrac{c}{d} \right \rceil	\(\left \lceil \dfrac{c}{d} \right \rceil\)
斜线与反斜线	\left / \dfrac{a}{b} \right \backslash	\(\left / \dfrac{a}{b} \right \backslash\)
混合括号	\left[ 0,1 \right )	\(\left[0,1\right )\)
单左括号	\left { \dfrac{a}{b} \right .	\(\left \{ \dfrac{a}{b} \right .\)
单右括号	\left . \dfrac{a}{b} \right }	\(\left . \dfrac{a}{b} \right \}\)
调整括号大小	\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big {\big\langle \left \| \| \dfrac{a}{b} \| \right \| \big \rangle\Big}\bigg ] \Bigg )	\(\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{\big\langle \left \| \| \dfrac{a}{b} \| \right \| \big \rangle\Big\}\bigg ] \Bigg )\)

功能	语法	显示	宽度
quad空格	\alpha\quad\beta	\(\alpha\quad\beta\)	\(2m\)
大空格	\alpha\ \beta	\(\alpha\ \beta\)	\(\dfrac{m}{3}\)
中等空格	\alpha;\beta	\(\alpha\;\beta\)	\(\dfrac{2m}{7}\)
小空格	\alpha,\beta	\(\alpha\,\beta\)	\(\dfrac{m}{6}\)
没有空格	\alpha\beta	$\alpha\beta$	\(0\)
紧贴	\alpha\!\beta	\(\alpha\!\beta\)	\(-\dfrac{m}{6}\)

梧桐鹿