最邻近规则分类KNN算法

例子：

 

  • 求未知电影属于什么类型：

 

算法介绍：

步骤：

  • 　  为了判断未知实例的类别，以所有已知类别的实例作为参照
  •      选择参数K
  •      计算未知实例与所有已知实例的距离
  •      选择最近K个已知实例
  •      根据少数服从多数的投票法则(majority-voting)，让未知实例归类为K个最邻近样本中最多数的类别

 细节：

  • 关于K的选择
  • 关于距离的衡量方法：

 

其他距离衡量：余弦值（cos）, 相关度 （correlation）, 曼哈顿距离 （Manhattan distance）
 
 
算法优点:
  • 　　简单。
  •       易于理解。
  •       容易实现。
  •       通过对K的选择可具备丢噪音数据的健壮性。

 

算法缺点：

  • 　　需要大量空间储存所有已知实例。
  •       算法复杂度高（需要比较所有已知实例与要分类的实例）。
  •       当其样本分布不平衡时，比如其中一类样本过大（实例数量过多）占主导的时候，新的未知实例容易被归类为这个主导样本，因为这类样本实例的数量过大，但这个新的未知实例实际并木接近目标样本。

 


KNN代码（Python实现）：

 1 import csv
 2 import random
 3 import math
 4 import operator
 5 
 6 
 7 def loadDataset(filename, split, trainingSet=[], testSet=[]):
 8     with open(filename, 'r') as csvfile:
 9         lines = csv.reader(csvfile)
10         dataset = list(lines) #得到文件中的数据
11         for x in range(len(dataset) - 1):
12             for y in range(4):
13                 dataset[x][y] = float(dataset[x][y])
14             if random.random() < split:   #以split为界限把数据集分为两部分
15                 trainingSet.append(dataset[x])
16             else:
17                 testSet.append(dataset[x])
18 
19 
20 def euclideanDistance(instance1, instance2, length):  #计算距离(传入两个实例和维度)
21     distance = 0
22     for x in range(length):
23         distance += pow((instance1[x] - instance2[x]), 2)   #计算所有维度的平方和
24     return math.sqrt(distance)
25 
26 
27 def getNeighbors(trainingSet, testInstance, k):   #返回最近的几个邻域
28     distances = [] #所有计算得出的距离的容器
29     length = len(testInstance) - 1  #测试实例的维度
30     for x in range(len(trainingSet)):
31         dist = euclideanDistance(testInstance, trainingSet[x], length)
32         distances.append((trainingSet[x], dist))
33     distances.sort(key=operator.itemgetter(1)) #key=operator.itemgetter(1)根据第一个值域进行排序
34     #print(distances)
35     neighbors = []
36     for x in range(k):
37         neighbors.append(distances[x][0])
38     return neighbors
39 
40 
41 def getResponse(neighbors):
42     classVotes = {}
43     for x in range(len(neighbors)):
44         response = neighbors[x][-1]
45         if response in classVotes:
46             classVotes[response] += 1
47         else:
48             classVotes[response] = 1
49     sortedVotes = sorted(classVotes.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
50     return sortedVotes[0][0]
51 
52 
53 def getAccuracy(testSet, predictions):  #计算正确度
54     correct = 0
55     for x in range(len(testSet)):
56         if testSet[x][-1] == predictions[x]:
57             correct += 1
58     return (correct / float(len(testSet))) * 100.0
59 
60 
61 def main():
62     # prepare data
63     trainingSet = []
64     testSet = []
65     split = 0.67 #以split为界限把数据集分为两部分
66     loadDataset(r'iris.data.txt', split, trainingSet, testSet)
67     print('Train set: ' + repr(len(trainingSet)))
68     print('Test set: ' + repr(len(testSet)))
69     # generate predictions
70     predictions = []
71     k = 3
72     for x in range(len(testSet)):
73         neighbors = getNeighbors(trainingSet, testSet[x], k)
74         result = getResponse(neighbors)
75         predictions.append(result)
76         print('> predicted=' + repr(result) + ', actual=' + repr(testSet[x][-1]))
77     accuracy = getAccuracy(testSet, predictions)
78     print('Accuracy: ' + repr(accuracy) + '%')
79 
80 if __name__ == '__main__':
81     main()

 

 虹膜数据：

5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.7,3.2,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.6,3.1,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.6,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.4,3.9,1.7,0.4,Iris-setosa
4.6,3.4,1.4,0.3,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.4,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.4,2.9,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.1,1.5,0.1,Iris-setosa
5.4,3.7,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.8,3.4,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.8,3.0,1.4,0.1,Iris-setosa
4.3,3.0,1.1,0.1,Iris-setosa
5.8,4.0,1.2,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.7,4.4,1.5,0.4,Iris-setosa
5.4,3.9,1.3,0.4,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.5,1.4,0.3,Iris-setosa
5.7,3.8,1.7,0.3,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.8,1.5,0.3,Iris-setosa
5.4,3.4,1.7,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.7,1.5,0.4,Iris-setosa
4.6,3.6,1.0,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.3,1.7,0.5,Iris-setosa
4.8,3.4,1.9,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.0,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.4,1.6,0.4,Iris-setosa
5.2,3.5,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.2,3.4,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.7,3.2,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.8,3.1,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.4,3.4,1.5,0.4,Iris-setosa
5.2,4.1,1.5,0.1,Iris-setosa
5.5,4.2,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.1,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.2,1.2,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.5,3.5,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.9,3.6,1.4,0.1,Iris-setosa
4.4,3.0,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.4,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.5,1.3,0.3,Iris-setosa
4.5,2.3,1.3,0.3,Iris-setosa
4.4,3.2,1.3,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.5,1.6,0.6,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.8,1.9,0.4,Iris-setosa
4.8,3.0,1.4,0.3,Iris-setosa
5.1,3.8,1.6,0.2,Iris-setosa
4.6,3.2,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.3,3.7,1.5,0.2,Iris-setosa
5.0,3.3,1.4,0.2,Iris-setosa
7.0,3.2,4.7,1.4,Iris-versicolor
6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.9,3.1,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor
5.5,2.3,4.0,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.5,2.8,4.6,1.5,Iris-versicolor
5.7,2.8,4.5,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.3,3.3,4.7,1.6,Iris-versicolor
4.9,2.4,3.3,1.0,Iris-versicolor
6.6,2.9,4.6,1.3,Iris-versicolor
5.2,2.7,3.9,1.4,Iris-versicolor
5.0,2.0,3.5,1.0,Iris-versicolor
5.9,3.0,4.2,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.0,2.2,4.0,1.0,Iris-versicolor
6.1,2.9,4.7,1.4,Iris-versicolor
5.6,2.9,3.6,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.7,3.1,4.4,1.4,Iris-versicolor
5.6,3.0,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
5.8,2.7,4.1,1.0,Iris-versicolor
6.2,2.2,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
5.6,2.5,3.9,1.1,Iris-versicolor
5.9,3.2,4.8,1.8,Iris-versicolor
6.1,2.8,4.0,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.3,2.5,4.9,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.1,2.8,4.7,1.2,Iris-versicolor
6.4,2.9,4.3,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.6,3.0,4.4,1.4,Iris-versicolor
6.8,2.8,4.8,1.4,Iris-versicolor
6.7,3.0,5.0,1.7,Iris-versicolor
6.0,2.9,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
5.7,2.6,3.5,1.0,Iris-versicolor
5.5,2.4,3.8,1.1,Iris-versicolor
5.5,2.4,3.7,1.0,Iris-versicolor
5.8,2.7,3.9,1.2,Iris-versicolor
6.0,2.7,5.1,1.6,Iris-versicolor
5.4,3.0,4.5,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.0,3.4,4.5,1.6,Iris-versicolor
6.7,3.1,4.7,1.5,Iris-versicolor
6.3,2.3,4.4,1.3,Iris-versicolor
5.6,3.0,4.1,1.3,Iris-versicolor
5.5,2.5,4.0,1.3,Iris-versicolor
5.5,2.6,4.4,1.2,Iris-versicolor
6.1,3.0,4.6,1.4,Iris-versicolor
5.8,2.6,4.0,1.2,Iris-versicolor
5.0,2.3,3.3,1.0,Iris-versicolor
5.6,2.7,4.2,1.3,Iris-versicolor
5.7,3.0,4.2,1.2,Iris-versicolor
5.7,2.9,4.2,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.2,2.9,4.3,1.3,Iris-versicolor
5.1,2.5,3.0,1.1,Iris-versicolor
5.7,2.8,4.1,1.3,Iris-versicolor
6.3,3.3,6.0,2.5,Iris-virginica
5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,Iris-virginica
7.1,3.0,5.9,2.1,Iris-virginica
6.3,2.9,5.6,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.5,3.0,5.8,2.2,Iris-virginica
7.6,3.0,6.6,2.1,Iris-virginica
4.9,2.5,4.5,1.7,Iris-virginica
7.3,2.9,6.3,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.7,2.5,5.8,1.8,Iris-virginica
7.2,3.6,6.1,2.5,Iris-virginica
6.5,3.2,5.1,2.0,Iris-virginica
6.4,2.7,5.3,1.9,Iris-virginica
6.8,3.0,5.5,2.1,Iris-virginica
5.7,2.5,5.0,2.0,Iris-virginica
5.8,2.8,5.1,2.4,Iris-virginica
6.4,3.2,5.3,2.3,Iris-virginica
6.5,3.0,5.5,1.8,Iris-virginica
7.7,3.8,6.7,2.2,Iris-virginica
7.7,2.6,6.9,2.3,Iris-virginica
6.0,2.2,5.0,1.5,Iris-virginica
6.9,3.2,5.7,2.3,Iris-virginica
5.6,2.8,4.9,2.0,Iris-virginica
7.7,2.8,6.7,2.0,Iris-virginica
6.3,2.7,4.9,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.7,3.3,5.7,2.1,Iris-virginica
7.2,3.2,6.0,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.2,2.8,4.8,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.1,3.0,4.9,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.4,2.8,5.6,2.1,Iris-virginica
7.2,3.0,5.8,1.6,Iris-virginica
7.4,2.8,6.1,1.9,Iris-virginica
7.9,3.8,6.4,2.0,Iris-virginica
6.4,2.8,5.6,2.2,Iris-virginica
6.3,2.8,5.1,1.5,Iris-virginica
6.1,2.6,5.6,1.4,Iris-virginica
7.7,3.0,6.1,2.3,Iris-virginica
6.3,3.4,5.6,2.4,Iris-virginica
6.4,3.1,5.5,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.0,3.0,4.8,1.8,Iris-virginica
6.9,3.1,5.4,2.1,Iris-virginica
6.7,3.1,5.6,2.4,Iris-virginica
6.9,3.1,5.1,2.3,Iris-virginica
5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,Iris-virginica
6.8,3.2,5.9,2.3,Iris-virginica
6.7,3.3,5.7,2.5,Iris-virginica
6.7,3.0,5.2,2.3,Iris-virginica
6.3,2.5,5.0,1.9,Iris-virginica
6.5,3.0,5.2,2.0,Iris-virginica
6.2,3.4,5.4,2.3,Iris-virginica
5.9,3.0,5.1,1.8,Iris-virginica

 

posted @ 2017-07-26 15:36  dear_diary  阅读(1824)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报