linux 安装mysql及常用配置 授权 改密 开放端口

ubuntu 18.04

1.安装

apt-get install -y mysql-server

使用上述命令即可完成mysql的安装，有些教程建议install mysql-client，实践表明，上述命令同时完成client的安装。

安装以后，mysql是在后台运行的，可以通过service命令查看mysql的运行情况：

service mysql status
或者
systemctl status mysql

2.修改root的默认密码

mysql的配置文件放在/etc/mysql目录下，具体为：

# 查看文件目录
root@ubuntu:/etc/mysql# ls
conf.d  debian.cnf  debian-start  my.cnf  my.cnf.fallback  mysql.cnf  mysql.conf.d


# 查看debian.cnf，借此登录mysql
root@ubuntu:/etc/mysql# cat debian.cnf 
# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
[client]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = V5kqkke6kuSbaKcj
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysql_upgrade]
host     = localhost
user     = debian-sys-maint
password = V5kqkke6kuSbaKcj
socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# 根据cnf文件信息登录mysql
mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p
# 输入刚刚的password

# 进入mysql client，变更root密码
show databases;
use mysql;
update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("root") where user='root'; # root用户密码也是root
update user set plugin="mysql_native_password";
flush privileges;
exit;

3.设置远程访问 & 开放3306端口

1,修改表,登录mysql数据库,切换到mysql数据库,使用sql语句查看"select host,user from user ;"

mysql -u root -pvmwaremysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
mysql>select host, user from user;
mysql>flush privileges;

开放3306端口

1.检查端口
netstat -tnlp | grep 3306

2.修改配置 
cd /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d
vi mysqld.cnf

注释bind
# bind-address          = 127.0.0.1

3.重启mysql
service mysql restart

4.确认修改成功
netstat -tnlp | grep 3306
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      124676/mysqld