WCF系列(一)【翻译】BasicHttpBinding 和 WsHttpBinding 的不同点
2010-02-21 12:23 by virus, 1376 visits, 网摘, 收藏, 编辑
原文地址:Difference between BasicHttpBinding and WsHttpBinding
1、简介
WCF引入了很多的绑定和协议。本文重点讨论两个协议,BasicHttpBinding和WsHttpBinding,他们看起来很相似,但是却有很大的不同。因此,我们首先看一下他们的不同点,然后通过一个小项目看看他们到底有什么不同。
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2、预备知识
如果你第一次接触WCF,可以通过下面的链接了解一下相关的知识。在本文就不讲述WCF的基础知识点了:
3、BasicHttpBinding和WsHttpBinding的不同点
如果非要用一句话概述BasicHttpBinding和WsHttpBinding的不同的话,那就是WsHttpBinding支持WS-Security specifications,WS-Security specifications具有扩展web service的能力。
下面的表格式是对两者在安全、兼容性、可靠性和SOAP版本方面的比较。
Criteria | BasicHttpBinding | WsHttpBinding |
Security support | This supports the old ASMX style, i.e. WS-BasicProfile 1.1. | This exposes web services using WS-* specifications. |
Compatibility | This is aimed for clients who do not have .NET 3.0 installed and it supports wider ranges of clients. Many of the clients like Windows 2000 still do not run .NET 3.0. So older version of .NET can consume this service. | As its built using WS-* specifications, it does not support wider ranges of client and it cannot be consumed by older .NET version less than 3 version. |
Soap version | SOAP 1.1 | SOAP 1.2 and WS-Addressing specification. |
Reliable messaging | Not supported. In other words, if a client fires two or three calls you really do not know if they will return back in the same order. | Supported as it supports WS-* specifications. |
Default security options | By default, there is no security provided for messages when the client calls happen. In other words, data is sent as plain text. | As WsHttBinding supports WS-*, it has WS-Security enabled by default. So the data is not sent in plain text. |
Security options |
|
|
两者之间最大的不同你一定已经注意到了,那就是安全。默认情况下,BasicHttpBinding发送的是明文数据,而WsHttpBinding发送的是加密和更加安全的数据。为了证明这一点,我们新建两个服务,一个使用BasicHttpBinding,一个使用WsHttpBinding,然后详细查看一下他们的安全方面。
我们创建一个小例子,看看basicHttpBinding是如何明文发送数据的,wsHttpBinding是如何加密数据的。
说明:默认情况下,使用basicHttpBinding的时候,安全是没有启用的。换句话说,它很像以前的webservice,也就是.asmx。但是不意味着我们不能启用安全。稍后,我会写一篇关于basicHttpBinding启用安全的文章。
4、通过5步比较他们的不同点
为了它们之间实际的不同点,我们创建一个小工程。在工程中,创建两个服务,一个使用basicHttpBinding,一个使用wsHttpBinding。
第一步:使用basicHttpBinding创建一个服务,system.serviceModel配置如下
<services>
<service name="WCFBasicHttpBinding.Service1" behaviorConfiguration="WCFBasicHttpBinding.Service1Behavior">
<!-- Service Endpoints -->
<endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCFBasicHttpBinding.IService1">
<!--
Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the
identity under which the deployed service runs. If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity
automatically.
-->
<identity>
<dns value="localhost"/>
</identity>
</endpoint>
<endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="WCFBasicHttpBinding.Service1Behavior">
<!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment -->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
<!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>
第二步:创建一个WsHttpBinding的服务,配置如下
<services>
<service name="WCFWsHttpBindingHttps.Service1" behaviorConfiguration="WCFWsHttpBindingHttps.Service1Behavior">
<!-- Service Endpoints -->
<endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="WCFWsHttpBindingHttps.IService1">
<!--
Upon deployment, the following identity element should be removed or replaced to reflect the
identity under which the deployed service runs. If removed, WCF will infer an appropriate identity
automatically.
-->
<identity>
<dns value="localhost"/>
</identity>
</endpoint>
<endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
</service>
</services>
<behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behavior name="WCFWsHttpBindingHttps.Service1Behavior">
<!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment -->
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
<!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true. Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->
<serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel>
第三步:我们不创建任何新函数,就是用默认创建的两个函数,如下
{
public string GetData(int value)
{
return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
}
public CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite)
{
if (composite.BoolValue)
{
composite.StringValue += "Suffix";
}
return composite;
}
}
第四步:服务已经创建好了,我们创建一个消费服务的客户端。在这里,我们创建一个WebApplication,添加两个引用,一个是service reference,WsHttpBinding;另外一个是web reference,BasicHttpBinding。请记住,在你右键添加引用的时候,通过service reference添加WsHttpBinding,通过web reference添加BasicHttpBinding。
我们在webapplication的default页面上添加两个button,一个调用HTTP Service,另外一个调用wshttp service。下面是它们如何调用服务的GetData方法。
第五步:到这里我们准备完成这个项目,到了嗅探的时候了,看看数据在客户端和两个服务之间是如何传输的。我们下载并使用HTTP数据记录器,IE Inspector。我们将一个一个的点击button,来记录数据的传输。你将会看到在basicHttpBinding的情况下,数据明文的通过xml发送;在wsHttpBinding的情况下,数据被加密发送。
总之,尽量避免使用BasicHttpBinding。
5、什么时候使用BasicHttpBinding,什么时候使用WsHttpBinding
如果你希望有向后兼容的能力,并且支持更多的客户端,你可以选择basicHttpBinding,如果你确定你的客户端使用的是.NET 3.0甚至更高的话,你可以选择wsHttpBinding。