java项目学习（一）
一、搭建空的Maven项目
环境变量配置这里就不多说了，网上很多，写这个目标是为了熟悉java开发及运行过程。
使用Intellij idea 搭建基本的maven空项目 new->project
点击下一步 Next
groupId
定义了项目属于哪个组，举个例子，如果你的公司是mycom，有一个项目为myapp，那么groupId就应该是com.mycom.myapp.
artifacted
定义了当前maven项目在组中唯一的ID,比如，myapp-util,myapp-domain,myapp-web等。
version
指定了myapp项目的当前版本，SNAPSHOT意为快照，说明该项目还处于开发中，是不稳定的版本。
继续点击下一步，finish创建成功，
构建项目基本骨架
1，在java下新建com
2，在com下新建springmvc
3，在springmvc下新建controller、dao、mapping、pojo、service
如下图：
目录解释如下
controller：http（GET和POST等）请求的入口，调用Service，想客户端返回数据
dao：接口，定义了数据表映射成的对象，具有的操作
mapping：具体是sql语句，以xml格式存在，即mybatis的语法文件
service：controller调用的服务，service调用dao里面定义的数据库行为方法，来执行对应mapping里的mybatis，从而完成与数据库完整的交互。
二、修改pom文件
配置maven
在pom.xml文件中添加如下内容
1 <properties> 2 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> 3 <!-- spring版本号 --> 4 <spring.version>5.0.9.RELEASE</spring.version> 5 <!-- mybatis版本号 --> 6 <mybatis.version>3.4.6</mybatis.version> 7 <!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 --> 8 <slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version> 9 <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> 10 <!-- jackson包版本 --> 11 <jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version> 12 </properties> 13 14 15 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit --> 16 <dependencies> 17 <dependency> 18 <groupId>junit</groupId> 19 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 20 <version>4.12</version> 21 <scope>test</scope> 22 </dependency> 23 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis --> 24 <dependency> 25 <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> 26 <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> 27 <version>${mybatis.version}</version> 28 </dependency> 29 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring --> 30 <dependency> 31 <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> 32 <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> 33 <version>1.3.1</version> 34 </dependency> 35 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test --> 36 <dependency> 37 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 38 <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> 39 <version>${spring.version}</version> 40 <scope>test</scope> 41 </dependency> 42 <!-- springMVC核心包 --> 43 <dependency> 44 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 45 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 46 <version>${spring.version}</version> 47 </dependency> 48 49 <!-- spring核心包 --> 50 <dependency> 51 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 52 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 53 <version>${spring.version}</version> 54 </dependency> 55 56 <dependency> 57 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 58 <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> 59 <version>${spring.version}</version> 60 </dependency> 61 62 <dependency> 63 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 64 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 65 <version>${spring.version}</version> 66 </dependency> 67 68 <dependency> 69 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 70 <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> 71 <version>${spring.version}</version> 72 </dependency> 73 74 <dependency> 75 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 76 <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> 77 <version>${spring.version}</version> 78 </dependency> 79 80 <dependency> 81 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 82 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 83 <version>${spring.version}</version> 84 </dependency> 85 86 <dependency> 87 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 88 <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> 89 <version>${spring.version}</version> 90 </dependency> 91 92 <dependency> 93 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 94 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 95 <version>3.0.1</version> 96 <scope>provided</scope> 97 </dependency> 98 99 <dependency> 100 <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> 101 <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> 102 <version>2.2</version> 103 <scope>provided</scope> 104 </dependency> 105 106 <!-- 导入Mysql数据库链接jar包 --> 107 <dependency> 108 <groupId>mysql</groupId> 109 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 110 <version>5.1.30</version> 111 </dependency> 112 113 <!-- 导入dbcp的jar包，用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 --> 114 <dependency> 115 <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId> 116 <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId> 117 <version>1.2.2</version> 118 </dependency> 119 120 <!-- JSTL标签类 --> 121 <dependency> 122 <groupId>jstl</groupId> 123 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 124 <version>1.2</version> 125 </dependency> 126 <!-- 日志文件管理包 --> 127 <!-- log start --> 128 <dependency> 129 <groupId>log4j</groupId> 130 <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> 131 <version>${log4j.version}</version> 132 </dependency> 133 134 135 <!-- 格式化对象，方便输出日志 --> 136 <dependency> 137 <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> 138 <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> 139 <version>1.1.41</version> 140 </dependency> 141 142 143 <dependency> 144 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> 145 <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> 146 <version>${slf4j.version}</version> 147 </dependency> 148 149 <dependency> 150 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> 151 <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> 152 <version>${slf4j.version}</version> 153 </dependency> 154 <!-- log end --> 155 <!-- 映入JSON --> 156 <dependency> 157 <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> 158 <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> 159 <version>1.9.13</version> 160 </dependency> 161 162 <dependency> 163 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> 164 <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> 165 <version>2.1.0</version> 166 </dependency> 167 <dependency> 168 <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> 169 <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> 170 <version>2.1.0</version> 171 </dependency> 172 173 <!-- 上传组件包 --> 174 <dependency> 175 <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> 176 <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> 177 <version>1.3.1</version> 178 </dependency> 179 <dependency> 180 <groupId>commons-io</groupId> 181 <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> 182 <version>2.4</version> 183 </dependency> 184 <dependency> 185 <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> 186 <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> 187 <version>1.9</version> 188 </dependency> 189 190 <dependency> 191 <groupId>junit</groupId> 192 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 193 <version>4.11</version> 194 <!-- 表示开发的时候引入，发布的时候不会加载此包 --> 195 <scope>test</scope> 196 </dependency> 197 198 <!--Spring test相关依赖--> 199 <dependency> 200 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 201 <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> 202 <version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version> 203 </dependency> 204 <dependency> 205 <groupId>junit</groupId> 206 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 207 <version>RELEASE</version> 208 </dependency> 209 210 <dependency> 211 <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId> 212 <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId> 213 <version>1.8.1</version> 214 </dependency> 215 216 <dependency> 217 <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId> 218 <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId> 219 <version>2.15</version> 220 </dependency> 221 222 223 <dependency> 224 <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> 225 <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> 226 <version>2.33.0</version> 227 </dependency> 228 229 <dependency> 230 <groupId>us.codecraft</groupId> 231 <artifactId>webmagic-core</artifactId> 232 <version>0.6.1</version> 233 </dependency> 234 <dependency> 235 <groupId>us.codecraft</groupId> 236 <artifactId>webmagic-extension</artifactId> 237 <version>0.6.1</version> 238 </dependency> 239 240 241 </dependencies> 242 243 <build> 244 <finalName>com</finalName> 245 <resources> 246 <resource> 247 <directory>src/main/java</directory> 248 <includes> 249 <include>**/*.xml</include> 250 </includes> 251 <filtering>true</filtering> 252 </resource> 253 </resources> 254 </build>
三、编写ssm配置文件
在resources下新建个配置文件jdbc.properties，内容如下：
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 username=root password=dk137046 #定义初始连接数 initialSize=0 #定义最大连接数 maxActive=20 #定义最大空闲 maxIdle=20 #定义最小空闲 minIdle=1 #定义最长等待时间 maxWait=60000
请确保你的mysql服务是开启的，且存在数据库test
在resources下新建个配置文件spring-mvc.xml，内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描该包，使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller" /> <!--避免IE执行AJAX时，返回JSON出现下载文件 --> <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="supportedMediaTypes"> <list> <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 启动SpringMVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /> <!-- JSON转换器 --> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ，视图模式配置--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 这里的配置我的理解是自动给后面action的方法return的字符串加上前缀和后缀，变成一个 可用的url地址 --> <property name="prefix" value="/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <!-- 配置文件上传，如果没有使用文件上传可以不用配置，当然如果不配，那么配置文件中也不必引入上传组件包 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <!-- 默认编码 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8" /> <!-- 文件大小最大值 --> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760000" /> <!-- 内存中的最大值 --> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960" /> </bean> </beans>
mybatis-config.xml配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <!--配置全局属性--> <settings> <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J" /> <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/> </settings> </configuration>
spring-mybatis配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc" /> <!-- 引入配置文件 --> <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties" /> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="username" value="${username}" /> <property name="password" value="${password}" /> <!-- 初始化连接大小 --> <property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}"></property> <!-- 连接池最大数量 --> <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}"></property> <!-- 连接池最大空闲 --> <property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}"></property> <!-- 连接池最小空闲 --> <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}"></property> <!-- 获取连接最大等待时间 --> <property name="maxWait" value="${maxWait}"></property> </bean> <!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合，不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:/mybatis-config.xml"></property> <!-- 自动扫描mapping.xml文件 --> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/springmvc/mapping/*.xml"></property> </bean> <!-- DAO接口所在包名，Spring会自动查找其下的类 --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="com.springmvc.dao" /> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- (事务管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean>
log4j.xml
日志模块的配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "http://toolkit.alibaba-inc.com/dtd/log4j/log4j.dtd"> <log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j='http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/' xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/ "> <appender name="consoleAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="[%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}]-[%c]-[%t] %x - %m%n"/> </layout> </appender> <!-- Mybatis and SQL --> <logger name="org.apache.ibatis" additivity="true"> <level value="DEBUG"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <logger name="org.mybatis.spring" additivity="true"> <level value="ERROR"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <logger name="java.sql" additivity="true"> <level value="DEBUG"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <logger name="java.sql.Connection" additivity="true"> <level value="DEBUG"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <logger name="java.sql.Statement" additivity="true"> <level value="DEBUG"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement" additivity="true"> <level value="DEBUG"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <!-- Spring --> <logger name="org.springframework" additivity="true"> <level value="ERROR"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <!-- ActiveMQ --> <logger name="org.apache.activemq" additivity="true"> <level value="ERROR"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </logger> <!-- ===================================================================== --> <!-- 根日志记录器 --> <!-- ===================================================================== --> <root> <level value="DEBUG"/> <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/> </root> </log4j:configuration>
log4j.properties
定义LOG输出级别
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,Console,File
定义日志输出目的地为控制台
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out
可以灵活地指定日志输出格式，下面一行是指定具体的格式
log4j.appender.Console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c] - %m%n
文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件
log4j.appender.File = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
指定输出目录
log4j.appender.File.File = logs/ssm.log
定义文件最大大小
log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize = 10MB
输出所以日志，如果换成DEBUG表示输出DEBUG以上级别日志
log4j.appender.File.Threshold = ALL
log4j.appender.File.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern =[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%c]%m%n
至此：项目配置完成
四、配置项目工程
第一步：将配置文件添加入工程
五、配置webapp
在src下创建目录webapp
web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- Spring和mybatis的配置文件 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mybatis.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!--Log4j配置--> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>60000</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 编码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--Spring监听器 ApplicationContext 载入 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Spring MVC 核心配置开始 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 可以通过contextConfigLocation来自定义SpringMVC配置文件的位置，如不指定，则默认在WEB-INF目录下，名称为[<servlet-name>]-servlet.xml， 此时文件名必须为[<servlet-name>]-servlet.xml，否则会出错--> <!--以下init-param是自定义SpringMVC的配置文件的位置 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <!-- 拦截设置 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> <!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do，对应struts的后缀习惯 --> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- Spring MVC 核心配置结束 --> <!-- 配置SESSION超时，单位是分钟 --> <session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
把webapp添加入项目工程
添加artifacts
配置tomcat
目前还在学习中，希望会对大家有所帮助，觉得不错，就点赞支持一下。
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