C++——运算符重载(上)

运算符重载

运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型

e.g:

对于内置数据类型,编译器知道如何进行运算

int a = 10;
int b = 10;
int c = a + b;

对于一些自定义的数据类型,编译器不知道该如何进行运算,所有需要我们进行运算符重载

class Person
{
public:
    int m_A;
    int m_B;
}

Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;

Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;

//编译器不知道该如何进行运算,所以需要我们自己进行运算符重载
Person p3 = p1 + p2;

通过自己写的成员函数,可以实现两个对象相加属性后返回新的对象

Person PersonAddPerson(Person &p)
{
    Person temp;
    temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
    temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
    return temp;
}

对于编译器所给的加法运算通用名称进行重载

1.通过成员函数重载+符号

Person operator+ (Person &p)
{
    Person temp;
    temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
    temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
    return temp;
}
Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);//实际操作
//简化为
Person p3 = p1 + p2;

2.通过全局函数重载+符号

Person operator+ (Person &p1,Person &p2)
{
    Person temp;
    temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
    temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
    return temp;
}
Person p3 = operator+(p1,p2);//实际操作
//简化为
Person p3 = p1 + p2;

1 加号运算符重载

作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//加号运算符重载

class Person
{
//public:
//	//1.通过成员函数对加法运算符进行重载
//	Person operator+(Person &p)
//	{
//		Person temp;
//		temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
//		temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
//		return temp;
//	}

public:

	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};
//2.通过全局函数对加法运算符进行重载
Person operator+(Person &p1, Person &p2)
{
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
	return temp;
}
//运算符重载也可以发生函数重载
Person operator+(Person &p1, int val)
{
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + val;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + val;
	return temp;
}

void test01()
{
	Person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 10;
	Person p2;
	p2.m_A = 20;
	p2.m_B = 20;

	Person p3 = p1 + p2;
	//成员函数重载的本质调用
	//Person p3=p1.operator+(p2);
	//全局函数重载的本质调用
	//Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);

	cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;

	//调用重载的函数
	Person p4 = p1 + 10;//Person + int
	cout << "p4.m_A = " << p4.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p4.m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;

}


int main()
{
	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结1:对于内置的数据类型的表达式的的运算符是不可能改变的

总结2:不要滥用运算符重载

2 左移运算符重载

作用:可以输出自定义数据类型

class Person {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);

public:

	Person(int a, int b)
	{
		this->m_A = a;
		this->m_B = b;
	}

	//成员函数 实现不了  p << cout 不是我们想要的效果
	//void operator<<(Person& p){
	//}

private:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};

//全局函数实现左移重载
//ostream对象只能有一个
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) {
	out << "a:" << p.m_A << " b:" << p.m_B;
	return out;
}

void test() {

	Person p1(10, 20);

	cout << p1 << "hello world" << endl; //链式编程
}

int main() {

	test();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结:重载左移运算符配合友元可以实现输出自定义数据类型

3 递增运算符重载

作用: 通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//重载递增运算符
class MyInteger
{
	//友元声明
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger &Myint);
    
public:
	MyInteger()
	{
		m_Num = 0;
	}
	//重载前置++运算符,返回引用类型是为了一直对一个数据进行递增
	MyInteger & operator++()
	{
		//先进行++操作
		m_Num++;
		//返回自身
		return *this;
	}
	//重载后置++运算符,
	//void operator++(int)  int 是一个占位参数,可以用来区分前置和后置
	//后置递增必须要返回值,不能返回引用,如果返回引用就等于返回一个局部变量的引用
	MyInteger operator++(int)
	{
		//先记录当前的数据
		MyInteger temp = *this;

		//再进行++操作
		this->m_Num++;

		//再返回记录的数据值
		return temp;
	}
    
private:
	int m_Num;
 };

//重载左移运算符
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger &Myint)
{
	cout << Myint.m_Num;
	return cout;
}
//对前置递增运算符进行测试
void test01()
{
	MyInteger Myint;
	//cout << Myint << endl;
	cout << ++(++Myint) << endl;
	cout << Myint << endl;
}

//对后置递增运算符进行测试
void test02()
{
	MyInteger myint;

	cout << myint++ << endl;

	cout << myint << endl;

}
int main()
{
	test01();

	test02();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

总结: 前置递增返回引用,后置递增返回值

自己练习递减运算符的重载

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//递减运算符重载
class MyInteger
{
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, MyInteger myint);

public:
	MyInteger()
	{
		this->m_Num = 10;
	}
	
	//重载前置左移运算符
	MyInteger & operator--()
	{
		//先进行--操作
		this->m_Num--;
		//返回对象本身
		return *this;
	}

	//重载后置左移运算符
	MyInteger operator--(int)
	{
		//先记录对象当前值
		MyInteger temp = *this;
		//进行--操作
		this->m_Num--;
		//再返回记录的值
		return temp;
	}

private:
	int m_Num;
};
//重载左移运算符
ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, MyInteger myint)
{
	cout << myint.m_Num;
	return cout;
}

void test01()
{
	MyInteger myint;
	cout << myint << endl;
	cout << --myint << endl;
	cout << myint << endl;
}

void test02()
{
	MyInteger myint;
	cout << myint << endl;
	cout << myint-- << endl;
	cout << myint << endl;
}

int main()
{
	//test01();

	test02();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}
posted @ 2020-10-09 21:08  代码三脚猫  阅读(144)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报