实验一
实验任务1
1.task1.cpp
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// 本例用到以下内容:
// 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器
// 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素
// 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
// 模板函数声明
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
void test1();
void test2();
void test3();
int main() {
std::cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
std::cout << "\n测试3: \n";
test3();
}
// 输出容器对象c中的元素
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i : c)
std::cout << i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
// 测试1:组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串
void test1() {
using namespace std;
string s0{"0123456789"};
cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl;
string s1(s0);
// 反转s1自身
reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end());
cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl;
string s2(s0.size(), ' ');
// 将s0反转后结果拷贝到s2, s0自身不变
reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin());
cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl;
}
// 测试2:组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据
void test2() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9};
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin());
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}
// 测试3:组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位
void test3() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
// 将[v1.begin(), v1.end())区间内元素循环左移1位
rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end());
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
// 将[v1.begin(), v1.end())区间内元素循环左移2位
rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end());
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
vector<int> v3{v0};
// 将[v1.begin(), v1.end())区间内元素循环右移1位
rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end());
cout << "v3: "; output(v3);
vector<int> v4{v0};
// 将[v1.begin(), v1.end())区间内元素循环右移2位
rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end());
cout << "v4: "; output(v4);
}

3.观察与思考:
reverse 会直接原地反转区间内元素,而reverse_copy 是把反转结果拷贝到另一个区间,所以原区间保持不变
rotate就是把区间中的middle变成元素的新起点,循环左移到最前面;参数分别是区间起点,新起点,区间结束点
实验任务2
1.task2.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
// 模板函数声明
template<typename T>
void output(const T &c);
int generate_random_number();
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
std::srand(std::time(0));
std::cout << "测试1: \n";
test1();
// 添加随机种子
std::cout << "\n测试2: \n";
test2();
}
// 输出容器对象c中的元素
template <typename T>
void output(const T &c) {
for(auto &i: c)
std::cout << i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
// 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数
int generate_random_number() {
return std::rand() % 101;
}
// 测试1:对容器类对象指定迭代器区间赋值、排序
void test1() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number); // 生成随机数填充v0
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
vector<int> v1{v0};
sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对整个vector排序
cout << "v1: "; output(v1);
vector<int> v2{v0};
sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 只对中间部分排序,不包含首尾元素
cout << "v2: "; output(v2);
}
// 测试2:对容器类对象指定迭代器区间赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值
void test2() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v0(10);
generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), generate_random_number);
cout << "v0: "; output(v0);
// 求最大值和最小值
auto min_iter = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
auto max_iter = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *min_iter << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *max_iter << endl;
// 同时求最大值和最小值
auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end());
cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl;
cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl;
// 求平均值
double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0.0) / v0.size();
cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl;
sort(v0.begin(), v0.end());
double avg2 = accumulate(v0.begin()+1, v0.end()-1, 0.0) / (v0.size()-2);
cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl;
}

3.观察与思考:
generate在给定函数内填充区间
minmax_element一次遍历更高效
实验任务3
1.task3.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
unsigned char func(unsigned char c);
void test1();
void test2();
int main() {
std::cout << "测试1: 字符串大小写转换\n";
test1();
std::cout << "\n测试2: 字符变换\n";
test2();
}
unsigned char func(unsigned char c) {
if(c == 'z')
return 'a';
if(c == 'Z')
return 'A';
if(std::isalpha(c))
return static_cast<unsigned char>(c+1);
return c;
}
void test1() {
std::string s1{"Hello World 2049!"};
std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
std::string s2;
for(auto c: s1)
s2 += std::tolower(c);
std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
std::string s3;
for(auto c: s1)
s3 += std::toupper(c);
std::cout << "s3 = " << s3 << '\n';
}
void test2() {
std::string s1{"I love cosmos!"};
std::cout << "s1 = " << s1 << '\n';
std::string s2(s1.size(), ' ');
std::transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),
s2.begin(),
func);
std::cout << "s2 = " << s2 << '\n';
}

3.观察与思考:
func将字母循环后移一位(z→a)
tolower / toupper分别把字符转换为小写 / 大写
三个都只处理字母
transform 四个参数:
输入区间起始
输入区间结束
输出区间起始
一元操作函数
实验任务4
1.task4.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s);
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s);
int main() {
using namespace std;
string s;
// 多组输入,直到按下 Ctrl+Z (Windows) 或 Ctrl+D (Linux/Mac) 结束
while (cin >> s) {
cout << boolalpha
<< "区分大小写: " << is_palindrome(s) << "\n"
<< "不区分大小写: " << is_palindrome_ignore_case(s) << "\n\n";
}
}
// 严格区分大小写
bool is_palindrome(const std::string &s) {
std::string rev = s;
std::reverse(rev.begin(), rev.end());
return s == rev;
}
// 不区分大小写
bool is_palindrome_ignore_case(const std::string &s) {
std::string lower;
for (char c : s) {
lower += static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
}
std::string rev = lower;
std::reverse(rev.begin(), rev.end());
return lower == rev;
}

3.观察与思考:
while (std::getline(std::cin, s)) {
}
实验任务5
1.task5.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2);
int main() {
int x;
while (std::cin >> x) {
std::cout << "十进制: " << x << '\n'
<< "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << '\n'
<< "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << '\n'
<< "十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 12) << '\n'
<< "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << '\n'
<< "三十二进制: " << dec2n(x, 32) << "\n\n";
}
}
std::string dec2n(int x, int n) {
if (x == 0) return "0";
const char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
std::string res;
while (x > 0) {
res += digits[x % n];
x /= n;
}
std::reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
return res;
}

实验任务6
1.task6.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
int main() {
std::cout << " ";
for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; ++c) {
std::cout << c;
if (c != 'z') std::cout << ' ';
}
std::cout << '\n';
for (int shift = 1; shift <= 26; ++shift) {
std::cout << std::setw(2) << shift;
for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
std::cout << ' ' << char('A' + (i + shift) % 26);
}
std::cout << '\n';
}
return 0;
}

实验任务7
1.task7.cpp
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#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
int main() {
std::srand(static_cast<unsigned>(std::time(nullptr)));
int correct = 0;
const int TOTAL = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < TOTAL; ++i) {
int a = std::rand() % 10 + 1;
int b = std::rand() % 10 + 1;
int op = std::rand() % 4;
int ans = 0;
char op_char = '+';
switch (op) {
case 0:
ans = a + b;
op_char = '+';
break;
case 1:
if (a < b) std::swap(a, b);
ans = a - b;
op_char = '-';
break;
case 2:
ans = a * b;
op_char = '*';
break;
case 3:
a = a * b;
ans = a / b;
op_char = '/';
break;
}
std::cout << a << ' ' << op_char << ' ' << b << " = ";
int user;
std::cin >> user;
if (user == ans) {
++correct;
}
}
double rate = static_cast<double>(correct) / TOTAL * 100.0;
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2)
<< "正确率: " << rate << "%\n";
}

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