新建用户名和组,并赋权
1.用户组
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添加组:groupadd 组名[root@Server-n93yom ~]# groupadd dev[root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group | grep devdev:x:10011:[root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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删除组:groupdel 组名[root@Server-n93yom ~]# groupdel dev[root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group | grep dev[root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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查询组:cat /etc/group 或者使用管道来精确查询 cat /etc/group | grep dev[root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group
2.用户
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添加用户:useradd -m -g 组 新建用户名 注意:-m 自动建立用户家目录; -g 指定用户所在的组,否则会建立一个和用户名同名的组
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# useradd -d /data/radius -m -g dev radius
[root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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只查找test1用户[root@Server-n93yom ~]# id test1uid=10011(test1) gid=10011(dev) groups=10011(dev)[root@Server-n93yom ~]#uid为用户id, gid为组id
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修改和创建密码 passwd 用户名 如果不加用户名则默认修改当前登录者的密码[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd test1Changing password for user test1.New password:BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 charactersRetype new password:passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.[root@Server-n93yom ~]#设置好密码后,使用此账号和密码登录➜ ~ ssh test1@192.168.85.163test1@192.168.85.163's password:Last failed login: Mon Jul 22 17:00:05 CST 2019 from 192.168.1.53 on ssh:nottyThere were 3 failed login attempts since the last successful login.[test1@Server-n93yom ~]$
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设置用户不能修改密码[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -l test1 //在root下,禁止test1用户修改密码的权限Locking password for user test1. //锁住test1不能修改密码passwd: Success[root@Server-n93yom ~]# su test1 //切换用户[test1@Server-n93yom root]$ passwd //修改密码Changing password for user test1.Changing password for test1.(current) UNIX password:passwd: Authentication token manipulation error //没用权限修改密码[test1@Server-n93yom root]$
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清除密码[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -d test1 //删除test1的密码Removing password for user test1.passwd: Success[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -S test1 //查看test1的密码test1 NP 2019-07-22 0 99999 7 -1 (Empty password.) //密码为空[root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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passwd 帮助命令[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd --helpUsage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>-k, --keep-tokens keep non-expired authentication tokens-d, --delete delete the password for the named account (root only)-l, --lock lock the password for the named account (root only)-u, --unlock unlock the password for the named account (root only)-e, --expire expire the password for the named account (root only)-f, --force force operation-x, --maximum=DAYS maximum password lifetime (root only)-n, --minimum=DAYS minimum password lifetime (root only)-w, --warning=DAYS number of days warning users receives before passwordexpiration (root only)-i, --inactive=DAYS number of days after password expiration when an accountbecomes disabled (root only)-S, --status report password status on the named account (root only)--stdin read new tokens from stdin (root only)Help options:-?, --help Show this help message--usage Display brief usage message[root@Server-n93yom ~]#
3.设置密码失效时间
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可以编辑/etc/login.defs来设定几个参数,以后设置口令默认就按照参数设定为准:PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999PASS_MIN_DAYS 0PASS_MIN_LEN 5PASS_WARN_AGE 7
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当然在/etc/default/useradd可以找到如下2个参数进行设置:# useradd defaults file|GROUP=100HOME=/homeINACTIVE=-1EXPIRE=SHELL=/bin/bashSKEL=/etc/skelCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes通过修改配置文件,能对之后新建用户起作用,而目前系统已经存在的用户,则直接用chage来配置。
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chage [选项] 用户名chage命令是用来修改帐号和密码的有效期限。-m:密码可更改的最小天数。为零时代表任何时候都可以更改密码。-M:密码保持有效的最大天数。-w:用户密码到期前,提前收到警告信息的天数。-E:帐号到期的日期。过了这天,此帐号将不可用。-d:上一次更改的日期。-i:停滞时期。如果一个密码已过期这些天,那么此帐号将不可用。-l:例出当前的设置。由非特权用户来确定他们的密码或帐号何时过期。
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chage -l root 查root账号的信息[root@Server-n93yom ~]# sourLast password change : Jul 22, 2019Password expires : neverPassword inactive : neverAccount expires : neverMinimum number of days between password change : 0Maximum number of days between password change : 99999Number of days of warning before password expires : 7[root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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chage -M 60 test 设置密码过期时间为60天
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chage -I 5 test 设置密码失效时间为5天
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以test1账号为例,再查一次信息账号信息[root@Server-n93yom ~]# chage -l test1Last password change : Jul 22, 2019Password expires : Sep 20, 2019Password inactive : Sep 25, 2019Account expires : neverMinimum number of days between password change : 0Maximum number of days between password change : 60Number of days of warning before password expires : 7从上述命令可以看到,在密码过期后5天,密码自动失效,这个用户将无法登陆系统了。
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