OO 第三单元总结

OO 第三单元总结

规格的阅读与实现心得

JML的阅读方法

  1. 语法上, 可以参考课程组的《JML level0手册》, 涵盖了基本的jml关键词和语法,看不明白的话可以多翻翻,类比着就搞懂了

  2. 阅读顺序上, 阅读JML可以从一些比较底层的类开始读, 比如Person, Message这种依赖关系比较少的类, 可以先读起来,这样对一个类的功能就可以很快的了解

  3. 阅读tips :

    Idea对于JML高亮支持其实很不好(基本没有啊喂)推荐在vscode上装好插件在上面阅读,

image

还可以对Idea注释调颜色,这样至少看起来清楚一点不会灰糊糊的一团

JML迭代

每次迭代推荐用Idea 鼠标右键的compare with clipboard, 比较一下差异, 同时注意一下一些坑人限制条件比如1111

测试数据与JML

本单元一开始想试试单元测试的,但咨询了一下学长们,似乎都不太推荐JUNIT, OPENJML等基于JML的测试, 后来经过尝试确实有点麻烦。OpenJml 就是个jml语法检查器(bushi, Junit有点像Verilog的testbench样例还需要自己构造,如果能够有一个可以根据JML直接校验函数的工具就好了

剩下的日子里, 就都在写对拍机了,在构造测试数据时, JML的存在也可以使测试数据的覆盖率提高, 就比如am指令的构造

/*@ public normal_behavior
      @ requires !(\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < messages.length; messages[i].equals(message)) &&
      @           (message instanceof EmojiMessage) ==> containsEmojiId(((EmojiMessage) message).getEmojiId()) &&
      @            (message.getType() == 0) ==> (message.getPerson1() != message.getPerson2());
      @ assignable messages;
      @ ensures messages.length == \old(messages.length) + 1;
      @ ensures (\forall int i; 0 <= i && i < \old(messages.length);
      @          (\exists int j; 0 <= j && j < messages.length; messages[j].equals(\old(messages[i]))));
      @ ensures (\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < messages.length; messages[i].equals(message));
      @ also
      @ public exceptional_behavior
      @ signals (EqualMessageIdException e) (\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < messages.length;
      @                                     messages[i].equals(message));
      @ signals (EmojiIdNotFoundException e) !(\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < messages.length;
      @                                       messages[i].equals(message)) &&
      @                                       (message instanceof EmojiMessage) &&
      @                                       !containsEmojiId(((EmojiMessage) message).getEmojiId());
      @ signals (EqualPersonIdException e) !(\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < messages.length;
      @                                     messages[i].equals(message)) &&
      @                                     ((message instanceof EmojiMessage) ==>
      @                                     containsEmojiId(((EmojiMessage) message).getEmojiId())) &&
      @                                     message.getType() == 0 && message.getPerson1() == message.getPerson2();
      @*/


## 依据JML构造数据来覆盖所有可能分支 ##

def am():
    ty = random.randint(0, 1)
    sv = random.choice(extreme_sv_pool)
    if random.randint(0, excRate) == 1:  # emi
        try:
            id = random.choice(list(message_pool.keys()))
        except:
            id = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
        if ty == 0:
            try:  # {id:{type:, pid1:, pid2:, sv:, gid:,}}
                if random.randint(0, excRate) == 1:  
                    # 在sm时会触发异常:
                    # epi & pinf情况, 异常可控
                    if random.randint(0, 2) == 1:
                        pid1 = pid2 = random.choice(list(person_pool.keys()))  # epi
                    else:
                        pid1 = pid2 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)  # pinf when send
                elif random.randint(0, 2 * excRate) == 1:
                    pid1 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                    pid2 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)

                else:
                    pid1, pid2 = random.sample(list(person_pool.keys()), 2)
                    # ADD! 真正加入, 用一点数据结构记录
                    message_pool[id] = {"type": ty, "sv": sv, "pid1": pid1, "pid2": pid2, "gid": None, "div": "am"}
            except:
                pid1 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                pid2 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)

            return "am {} {} {} {} {}".format(id, sv, ty, pid1, pid2)
        else:
            # pinf ginf 情况 覆盖了所有异常,进行测试
            if random.randint(0, excRate) == 1:
                pid1 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                gid = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
            else:
                pid1 = random.choice(list(person_pool.keys()))
                try:
                    gid = random.choice(list(group_pool.keys()))
                except:
                    return ag()
                # ADD! 真正的加入
                message_pool[id] = {"type": ty, "sv": sv, "pid1": pid1, "pid2": None, "gid": gid, "div": "am"}
            return "am {} {} {} {} {}".format(id, sv, ty, pid1, gid)

    else:
        id = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
        if ty == 0:
            try:
                if random.randint(0, excRate) == 1:  # epi
                    if random.randint(0, 2) == 1:
                        pid1 = pid2 = random.choice(list(person_pool.keys()))
                    else:
                        pid1 = pid2 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                elif random.randint(0, 2 * excRate) == 1:
                    pid1 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                    pid2 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                else:
                    pid1, pid2 = random.sample(list(person_pool.keys()), 2)
            except:
                pid1 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
                pid2 = random.randint(idmin, idmax)
            message_pool[id] = {"type": ty, "sv": sv, "pid1": pid1, "pid2": pid2, "gid": None, "div": "am"}
            return "am {} {} {} {} {}".format(id, sv, ty, pid1, pid2)
        else:
            pid1 = random.choice(list(person_pool.keys()))
            try:
                gid = random.choice(list(group_pool.keys()))
                message_pool[id] = {"type": ty, "sv": sv, "pid1": pid1, "pid2": None, "gid": gid, "div": "am"}
                return "am {} {} {} {} {}".format(id, sv, ty, pid1, gid)
            except:
                return ag()

容器的选择

一些容器和我的选择, 因为一些容器需要O(1)的查询效率, 那么Hashmap是最好的选择

第三次作业中, Message的存储满足的是一个FIFO的规则, 所以用了linkedlist

Exception

    private int id; //personId触发了异常
    private static int totalExcCnt = 0;
    private static HashMap<Integer, Integer> excTable = new HashMap<>();
    // 触发的personId - 触发的次数

Group

    private HashMap<Integer, Person> people = new HashMap<>();
    // id - person

Person

    private HashMap<Person, Integer> linkage = new HashMap<>();
	// 邻居Person - distance
    private LinkedList<Message> messages = new LinkedList<>();
    // Person收到的信息

Network

    private HashMap<Integer, Person> people = new HashMap<>();
    private HashMap<Integer, Group> groups = new HashMap<>();
    private HashMap<Integer, Message> messages = new HashMap<>();
    private HashMap<Integer, Integer> emojiHeatMap = new HashMap<>();
	// 上述皆为<id, 内容> 的Hashmap, O(1)查找不错的
    private HashSet<Edge> edges = new HashSet<>();
	// Edge是我自己定义的边类, edges记录了所有的边, kruskal的时候会比较方便
    private MyDsu<Person> dsu = new MyDsu<>();
	// Dsu是我自己写的优化完全的并查集类, 支持不同模板很好用

算法和性能分析

本单元有一些需要注意算法时间复杂度的点

  1. 维护valueSumageSumageSquareSum

    如果要求ageVar那么为了保证精度与jml一致, 自己推一下就好

    return (timeSum - 2 * ageSum * getAgeMean() +  getAgeMean() * getAgeMean() * people.size()) / people.size();
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    
    BigInteger part1 = ageSquareSum;
    
    BigInteger part2 = (new BigInteger("2")).multiply(ageSum)
        .multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(getAgeMean()));
    
    BigInteger part3 = BigInteger.valueOf(getAgeMean()).multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(getAgeMean()))
                                    .multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(people.size()));
    
    BigInteger result = (part1.subtract(part2).add(part3)).divide(BigInteger.valueOf(people.size()));
    
    return result.intValue();
    

    需要注意的是:valueSum是将每对关系计算两次,需要在每次加人时valueSum2 * value。除了在加人删人外,在添加关系时需要遍历所有group维护valueSum。(别忘了哦!)

  2. Kruskal算法, 需要提前维护所有的边集, 然后遍历边集找到所有在联通分量的边。这样可以实现O(ElogE)的复杂度, 如果不存储需要用iscircle再查找可能会慢

  3. isCircle方法, 要用路径压缩+合并秩优化的并查集, 鉴于网上似乎还没有java版的,我给一个吧嘿嘿

    import java.util.HashMap;
    
    public class MyDsu<T> {
        private HashMap<T, T> fatherMap = new HashMap<>();
        private HashMap<T, Integer> rankMap = new HashMap<>();
    
        public MyDsu() {
        }
    
        public void addElement(T a) {
            fatherMap.put(a, a);
            rankMap.put(a, 1);
        }
    
        public T findRoot(T a) {
            T r = a;
            while (fatherMap.get(r) != r) {
                r = fatherMap.get(r);
            }
            T i = a;
            T tmp;
            while (i != r) {
                tmp = fatherMap.get(i);
                fatherMap.put(i, r);
                i = tmp;
            }
            return r;
        }
    
        public void unionSet(T a, T b) {
            if (a == null || b == null) {
                return;
            }
            T root1 = findRoot(a);
            T root2 = findRoot(b);
            if (rankMap.get(root1) == rankMap.get(root2)) {
                fatherMap.put(root2, root1); //root 1 is fa
                rankMap.put(root1, rankMap.get(root1) + 1);
            } else {
                if (rankMap.get(root1) < rankMap.get(root2)) {
                    fatherMap.put(root1, root2);
                } else {
                    fatherMap.put(root2, root1);
                }
            }
        }
    
    }
    
    
  4. DeleteColdEmoji

    如果是按着jml的逻辑, 先遍历heatmap找到对应待删除的emojiMessage, 那么针对每一个emoji,都要遍历一遍整个messages显然复杂度较大。正常想法就是先遍历messages再遍历heatmap, 那么就可以O(n)解决问题

  5. dijkstra算法

    注意可以使用堆优化, 并使用一个内部类node来记录相关节点信息

    public class Dijkstra {
    
        public class Node implements Comparable<Node> {
    
            private int dis = 0;
            private int id = 0;
    
            public int getDis() {
                return dis;
            }
    
            public int getId() {
                return id;
            }
    
            public Node(int id, int dis) {
                this.dis = dis;
                this.id = id;
            }
    
            @Override
            public int compareTo(Node o) {
                return Integer.compare(this.getDis(), o.getDis());
            }
        }
    
        // <id, dis>
        private HashMap<Integer, Integer> dis = new HashMap<>();
        // <id, done>
        private HashMap<Integer, Boolean> done = new HashMap<>();
        // <id, person>
        private HashMap<Integer, Person> people;
        
        private PriorityQueue<Node> queue = new PriorityQueue<>();
    
        public Dijkstra(HashMap<Integer, Person> people) {
            this.people = people;
            for (Map.Entry<Integer, Person> personEntry : people.entrySet()) {
                int id = personEntry.getKey();
                dis.put(id, (int) 1e9);
                done.put(id, false);
            }
        }
    
        public int run(int fromId, int toId) {
    		//算法本体
        }
    }
    
    

Network 扩展考虑

题目要求

假设出现了几种不同的Person

  • Advertiser:持续向外发送产品广告
  • Producer:产品生产商,通过Advertiser来销售产品
  • Customer:消费者,会关注广告并选择和自己偏好匹配的产品来购买 -- 所谓购买,就是直接通过Advertiser给相应Producer发一个购买消息
  • Person:吃瓜群众,不发广告,不买东西,不卖东西

如此Network可以支持市场营销,并能查询某种商品的销售额和销售路径等 请讨论如何对Network扩展,给出相关接口方法,并选择3个核心业务功能的接口方法撰写JML规格(借鉴所总结的JML规格模式)

首先我设计:

  1. 在Message下新增加Advertisement类, 其中包含了 attraction 代表广告吸引力,其余属性类似于message分群发、私发等
  2. 新增加Product类用于买卖,宣传, 内置属性storage, salesAmount
  3. productList[]保存着当前的product
  4. 每个person(作为吃瓜群众,也会收到广告) 其中可以通过getInterest(Product p) 来获取对p的a兴趣
/*@ public normal_behavior
      @ requires containsMessage(id) && getMessage(id).getType() == 0 &&
      @          getMessage(id).getPerson1().isLinked(getMessage(id).getPerson2()) &&
      @          getMessage(id).getPerson1() != getMessage(id).getPerson2();

      @ assignable messages, emojiHeatList; +
      @ assignable getMessage(id).getPerson1().socialValue, getMessage(id).getPerson1().money;
      @ assignable getMessage(id).getPerson2().messages, getMessage(id).getPerson2().socialValue, getMessage(id).getPerson2().money, 
      getMessage(id).getPerson2().interests;



      @ ensures (\old(getMessage(id)) instance of Advertisement) ==>
      @         (\old(getMessage(id)).getPerson1().getInterest(Advertisement.getProduct()) ==
      @         \old(getMessage(id).getPerson1().getInterest(Advertisement.getProduct())) + ((Advertisement)\old(getMessage(id))).getAttraction()

      @ ensures (!(\old(getMessage(id)) instanceof Advertisement)) ==> (\not_assigned(people[*].getInterest(Product[*]));

 	    ......略
	  @ 
      @ also
      @ public normal_behavior
      @ requires containsMessage(id) && getMessage(id).getType() == 1 &&
      @           getMessage(id).getGroup().hasPerson(getMessage(id).getPerson1());

      @ assignable people[*].socialValue, people[*].money, people[*].interests
      	messages, emojiHeatList;

		......略
		
      @ ensures (\old(getMessage(id)) instance of Advertisement) ==>
      @          (\exists int i; i == ((Advertisement)\old(getMessage(id))).getAttraction();
      @           (\forall Person p; \old(getMessage(id)).getGroup().hasPerson(p) && p != \old(getMessage(id)).getPerson1();
      @           p.getInterest(Advertisement.getProduct()) == \old(p.getInterest(Advertisement.getProduct())) + i));

      @ ensures (!(\old(getMessage(id)) instanceof Advertisement)) ==> (\not_assigned(people[*].getInterest(Product[*]));
		
		......略
      
      @ also
      @ public exceptional_behavior
      
      @ signals (MessageIdNotFoundException e) !containsMessage(id);
      @ signals (RelationNotFoundException e) containsMessage(id) && getMessage(id).getType() == 0 &&
      @          !(getMessage(id).getPerson1().isLinked(getMessage(id).getPerson2()));
      @ signals (PersonIdNotFoundException e) containsMessage(id) && getMessage(id).getType() == 1 &&
      @          !(getMessage(id).getGroup().hasPerson(getMessage(id).getPerson1()));
      @*/
    public void sendMessage(int id) throws
            RelationNotFoundException, MessageIdNotFoundException, PersonIdNotFoundException;
	
	// Customer
	
    /*@ public normal_behavior
      @ requires contains(producerId);
      @ requires !(\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < productList.length; productList[i] == id);
	  @ ensures (\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < productList.length; productList[i] == product);
	  @ ensures productList.length == \old(productList.length) + 1;
	  
      @ also
      @ public normal_behavior	  
	  @ requires contains(producerId);
      @ requires (\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < productList.length; productList[i] == id);
	  @ ensures (\forall int i; 0 <= i && i < productList.length; productList[i] == \old(productList[i]));
	  @ ensures productList.length == \old(productList.length);
	  @ ensures (\exists int i; 0 <= i && i < productList.length; productList[i] == id
	  && productList[i].storage == \old(productList[i].storage) + 1); 
      @*/
	public void produceProduct(Product product, int producerId); 
	
	/*@ public normal_behavior
      @ requires containsProductId(productId);
      @ ensures \result == productList(id).getSalesAmount();
      @ also
      @ public exceptional_behavior
      @ signals (ProductNotFoundException e) !containsProduct(productId);
      @*/
	public int querySaleAmount(int productId) throws ProductNotFoundException; 

架构分析

本单元作业架构已经由课程组给出,无需多分析,重要的是阅读jml和采取合适的数据结构和算法来实现。

体会感想

整个单元其实期待还是很高的。但是整个单元学下来, 似乎所有的时间都用在读jml上了, 图论算法也不算难,感谢助教的怜悯,其实希望有个jml直接对接检查代码的说,结果似乎没有,感觉jml的威力瞬间减少了不少。 三次作业难得全满挺不错的,希望下次继续努力!

posted @ 2022-05-23 20:59  cywuuuu  阅读(212)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报