EFK（Elasticsearch+Filebeat+Kibana） 收集K8s容器日志
一、Kubernetes日志采集难点
在 Kubernetes 中，日志采集相比传统虚拟机、物理机方式要复杂很多，最根本的原因是 Kubernetes 把底层异常屏蔽，提供更加细粒度的资源调度，向上提供稳定、动态的环境。因此日志采集面对的是更加丰富、动态的环境，需要考虑的点也更加的多。
1. 对于运行时间很短的 Job 类应用，从启动到停止只有几秒的时间，如何保证日志采集的实时性能够跟上而且数据不丢？
2. K8s 一般推荐使用大规格节点，每个节点可以运行 10-100+ 的容器，如何在资源消耗尽可能低的情况下采集 100+ 的容器？
3. 在 K8s 中，应用都以 yaml 的方式部署，而日志采集还是以手工的配置文件形式为主，如何能够让日志采集以 K8s 的方式进行部署？
二、Kubernetes日志采集方式
1. 业务直写：在应用中集成日志采集的 SDK，通过 SDK 直接将日志发送到服务端。这种方式省去了落盘采集的逻辑，也不需要额外部署 Agent，对于系统的资源消耗最低，但由于业务和日志 SDK 强绑定，整体灵活性很低，一般只有日志量极大的场景中使用；
2. DaemonSet 方式：在每个 node 节点上只运行一个日志 agent，采集这个节点上所有的日志。DaemonSet 相对资源占用要小很多，但扩展性、租户隔离性受限，比较适用于功能单一或业务不是很多的集群；
3. Sidecar 方式：为每个 POD 单独部署日志 agent，这个 agent 只负责一个业务应用的日志采集。Sidecar 相对资源占用较多，但灵活性以及多租户隔离性较强，建议大型的 K8s 集群或作为 PaaS 平台为多个业务方服务的集群使用该方式。
总结：
1. 业务直写推荐在日志量极大的场景中使用
2. DaemonSet一般在中小型集群中使用
3. Sidecar推荐在超大型的集群中使用
实际应用场景中，一般都是使用 DaemonSet 或 DaemonSet 与 Sidecar 混用方式，DaemonSet 的优势是资源利用率高，但有一个问题是 DaemonSet 的所有 Logtail 都共享全局配置，而单一的 Logtail 有配置支撑的上限，因此无法支撑应用数比较多的集群。
- 一个配置尽可能多的采集同类数据，减少配置数，降低 DaemonSet 压力；
- 核心的应用采集要给予充分的资源，可以使用 Sidecar 方式；
- 配置方式尽可能使用 CRD 方式；
- Sidecar 由于每个 Logtail 是单独的配置，所以没有配置数的限制，这种比较适合于超大型的集群使用。
三、以SeatefulSet的方式创建单节点elasticsearch的yaml文件
# cat elasticsearch.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: elasticsearch
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: elasticsearch
spec:
serviceName: elasticsearch
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: elasticsearch
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: elasticsearch
spec:
initContainers:
- name: busybox
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
image: busybox:latest
securityContext:
privileged: true
command: ["sh", "-c", "mkdir -p /usr/share/elasticsearch/data/logs;chown -R 1000:1000 /usr/share/elasticsearch/data"]
volumeMounts:
- name: elasticsearch-data
mountPath: "/usr/share/elasticsearch/data"
containers:
- image: elasticsearch:7.10.1
name: elasticsearch
resources:
limits:
cpu: 1
memory: 2Gi
requests:
cpu: 0.5
memory: 500Mi
env:
- name: "discovery.type"
value: "single-node"
- name: ES_JAVA_OPTS
value: "-Xms512m -Xmx2g"
ports:
- containerPort: 9200
name: db
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: elasticsearch-data
mountPath: /usr/share/elasticsearch/data
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: elasticsearch-data
spec:
storageClassName: "disk-sc"
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 1000Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: elasticsearch
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- port: 9200
protocol: TCP
targetPort: db
selector:
k8s-app: elasticsearch
四、以Deployment的方式创建kibana的yaml文件
# cat kibana.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: kibana
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kibana
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kibana
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kibana
spec:
containers:
- name: kibana
image: kibana:7.10.1
resources:
limits:
cpu: 1
memory: 500Mi
requests:
cpu: 0.5
memory: 200Mi
env:
- name: ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS
value: http://elasticsearch-0.elasticsearch.kube-system:9200
- name: I18N_LOCALE
value: zh-CN
ports:
- containerPort: 5601
name: ui
protocol: TCP
--- # 使用云厂商的负载均衡
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kibana
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
service.kubernetes.io/qcloud-loadbalancer-internal-subnetid: subnet-cadefsb
spec:
ports:
- name: kibana-pvc
protocol: TCP
port: 5601
targetPort: 5601
selector:
k8s-app: kibana
type: LoadBalancer
五、以DaemonSet的方式创建filebeat的yaml文件
# cat filebeat-kubernetes.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: filebeat-config
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: filebeat
data:
filebeat.yml: |-
filebeat.config:
inputs:
# Mounted `filebeat-inputs` configmap:
path: ${path.config}/inputs.d/*.yml
# Reload inputs configs as they change:
reload.enabled: false
modules:
path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
# Reload module configs as they change:
reload.enabled: false
filebeat.autodiscover: # 使用filebeat自动发现的方式
providers:
- type: kubernetes
templates:
- condition:
equals:
kubernetes.namespace: prod # 收集prod命名空间的日志
config:
- type: log # 日志类型为log而非docker或者container，因为我们输出的日志非json格式。
containers.ids:
- "${data.kubernetes.container.id}"
paths:
# 收集日志的路径，如果设置为"/var/lib/kubelet/pods/**/*info.log"，则会收集多余的日志，使用云k8s，所以非/var/lib/docker/containers/目录
- "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/${data.kubernetes.pod.uid}/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/data-vol/log/java/*/*info.log"
encoding: utf-8
scan_frequency: 1s # 扫描新文件的时间间隔，默认为10秒
tail_files: true # 设置为true时filebeat从每个文件的末尾取新文件，而不是开始。首次启用filebeat时忽略旧的日志，下次起动时关闭此选项。
fields_under_root: true # 设置为true后，fields存储在输出文档的顶级位置
fields:
type: "prod-info"
- type: kubernetes
templates:
- condition:
equals:
kubernetes.namespace: prod
config:
- type: log
containers.ids:
- "${data.kubernetes.container.id}"
paths:
- "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/${data.kubernetes.pod.uid}/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/data-vol/log/java/*/*error.log"
encoding: utf-8
scan_frequency: 1s
tail_files: true
fields_under_root: true
fields:
type: "prod-error"
multiline.type: pattern
multiline.pattern: '^[[:space:]]+(at|\.{3})[[:space:]]+\b|^Caused by:'
multiline.negate: false
multiline.match: after
- type: kubernetes
templates:
- condition:
equals:
kubernetes.namespace: test
config:
- type: log
containers.ids:
- "${data.kubernetes.container.id}"
paths:
- "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/${data.kubernetes.pod.uid}/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/data-vol/log/java/*/*info.log"
encoding: utf-8
scan_frequency: 1s
tail_files: true
fields_under_root: true
fields:
type: "test-info"
- type: kubernetes
templates:
- condition:
equals:
kubernetes.namespace: test
config:
- type: log
containers.ids:
- "${data.kubernetes.container.id}"
paths:
- "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/${data.kubernetes.pod.uid}/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/data-vol/log/java/*/*error.log"
encoding: utf-8
scan_frequency: 1s
tail_files: true
fields_under_root: true
fields:
type: "test-error"
multiline.type: pattern
multiline.pattern: '^[[:space:]]+(at|\.{3})[[:space:]]+\b|^Caused by:' # 标准的java多行匹配
multiline.negate: false
multiline.match: after
setup.ilm.enabled: false
output.elasticsearch:
hosts: ['${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST:elasticsearch}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT:9200}']
indices:
- index: "k8s-test-info-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
when.contains:
type: "test-info"
- index: "k8s-test-error-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
when.contains:
type: "test-error"
- index: "k8s-prod-info-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
when.contains:
type: "prod-info"
- index: "k8s-prod-error-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
when.contains:
type: "prod-error"
# output.redis: # 将日志输出到redis中，再用logstash收日志输出到es中
# hosts: ["192.168.5.99:6379"]
# db: 0
# password: "password"
# key: "default_list"
# keys:
# - key: "k8s-prod-error-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
# when.contains:
# type: "prod-error"
# - key: "k8s-prod-info-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
# when.contains:
# type: "prod-info"
--- # 此configmap没有使用，可以将上面的配置文件粘贴到下面，也可删除
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: filebeat-inputs
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: filebeat
data:
kubernetes.yml: |-
#- type: log
# paths:
# - "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/**/*info.log"
#processors:
# - add_kubernetes_metadata:
# default_indexers.enabled: false
# default_matchers.enabled: false
# in_cluster: true
# indexers:
# - ip_port:
# matchers:
# - field_format:
# format: '%{[destination.ip]}:%{[destination.port]}'
# matchers:
# - logs_path:
# logs_path: '/var/log/pods'
# resource_type: 'pod'
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: filebeat
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: filebeat
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: filebeat
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: filebeat
spec:
serviceAccountName: filebeat
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
containers:
- name: filebeat
image: elastic/filebeat:7.10.1
args: [
"-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
"-e",
]
env:
- name: ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
value: elasticsearch-0.elasticsearch.kube-system
- name: ELASTICSEARCH_PORT
value: "9200"
securityContext:
runAsUser: 0
# If using Red Hat OpenShift uncomment this:
#privileged: true
resources:
limits:
memory: 6144Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
readOnly: true
subPath: filebeat.yml
- name: inputs
mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/inputs.d
readOnly: true
- name: data
mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/data
- name: varlibdockercontainers
mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
readOnly: true
- name: varlibkubeletpods
mountPath: /var/lib/kubelet/pods
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
defaultMode: 0600
name: filebeat-config
- name: varlibkubeletpods
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/kubelet/pods
- name: varlibdockercontainers
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/docker/containers
- name: inputs
configMap:
defaultMode: 0600
name: filebeat-inputs
# data folder 存储所有文件的读取状态注册表，因此不会在filebeat pod重启后再次发送所有的文件。
- name: data
hostPath:
path: /var/lib/filebeat-data
type: DirectoryOrCreate
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: filebeat
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: filebeat
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: filebeat
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: filebeat
labels:
k8s-app: filebeat
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
resources:
- namespaces
- pods
verbs:
- get
- watch
- list
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: filebeat
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: filebeat
---
六、参考信息及报错
参考链接 ：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/configuration-autodiscover.html
以下报错是因为日志格式非json类型
2021-02-16T12:23:33.920Z ERROR [reader_docker_json] readjson/docker_json.go:204 Parse line error: invalid CRI log format 2021-02-16T12:23:33.920Z INFO log/harvester.go:335 Skipping unparsable line in file: /var/lib/kubelet/pods/694538b6-4629-4903-804e-8e9fc36ced4a/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/data-vol/log/java/daemon/daemon-info.log
配置信息如下：
filebeat.yml: |-
filebeat.inputs:
- type: container # 日志类型必须为json格式日志才可以正常收集，k8s转到前台的日志可以正常收集。
paths:
- "/var/lib/kubelet/pods/*/volumes/kubernetes.io~empty-dir/data-vol/log/java/*/*.log"
七、filebeat排除某些不需要的字段和容器项目日志
processors:
- drop_fields:
fields: ["agent.ephemeral_id","agent.id","agent.name","agent.type","container.runtime","ecs.version","host.hostname","host.name","kubernetes.labels.pod-template-hash","host.os.version","agent.version","container.image.name","container.id","kubernetes.pod.uid","kubernetes.replicaset.name"]
ignore_missing: false
- add_kubernetes_metadata:
in_cluster: true
- drop_event.when:
or:
- equals:
kubernetes.labels.app: "tapd-page"
结果展示：
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