MySQL

1.下载

官网:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

2.安装

 1 服务端安装
 2         初始化
 3             "E:\mysql\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld" --initialize -insecure
 4         运行:
 5             E:\mysql\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld(也可以配置环境变量)
 6             windows服务:E:\mysql\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld --install
 7                          E:\mysql\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysqld --remove
 8                         
 9                         net start MySQL
10                         net stop MySQL    
11         
12 客户端安装
13         E:\mysql\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysql(环境变量)

3.使用

 1 用户管理
 2         查看:
 3             E:\mysql\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\bin\mysql -u root -p
 4             show databases;
 5             use mysql;
 6             show tables;
 7             select user,host from user;
 8         创建:
 9             create user 'name'@'192.168.0.1' identified by 'password'
10             create user 'name'@'192.168.%' identified by 'password'
11             create user 'name'@'%' identified by 'password'
12         删除:
13             drop user 'name'@'IP'
14         修改用户:
15             
16             rename user 'name'@'IP' to 'new name'@'IP'
17         修改密码:
18             set password for 'name'@'IP' = Password('new password')
         管理员:alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'new word';
19 退出: 20 quit 21 授权: 22 grant select,insert,update on db.t1 to 'alex'@'%' 23 grant all privileges on db.t1 to 'alex'@'%' 24 revoke all privileges on db.t1 to 'alex'@'%'

4.数据结构

bit[(M)]
            二进制位(101001),m表示二进制位的长度(1-64),默认m=1

        tinyint[(m)] [unsigned] [zerofill]

            小整数,数据类型用于保存一些范围的整数数值范围:
            有符号:
                -128127.
            无符号:
                0255

            特别的: MySQL中无布尔值,使用tinyint(1)构造。

        int[(m)][unsigned][zerofill]

            整数,数据类型用于保存一些范围的整数数值范围:
                有符号:
                    -21474836482147483647
                无符号:
                    04294967295

            特别的:整数类型中的m仅用于显示,对存储范围无限制。例如: int(5),当插入数据2时,select 时数据显示为: 00002

        bigint[(m)][unsigned][zerofill]
            大整数,数据类型用于保存一些范围的整数数值范围:
                有符号:
                    -92233720368547758089223372036854775807
                无符号:
                    018446744073709551615

        decimal[(m[,d])] [unsigned] [zerofill]
            准确的小数值,m是数字总个数(负号不算),d是小数点后个数。 m最大值为65,d最大值为30。

            特别的:对于精确数值计算时需要用此类型
                   decaimal能够存储精确值的原因在于其内部按照字符串存储。

        FLOAT[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
            单精度浮点数(非准确小数值),m是数字总个数,d是小数点后个数。
                无符号:
                    -3.402823466E+38 to -1.175494351E-38,
                    0
                    1.175494351E-38 to 3.402823466E+38
                有符号:
                    0
                    1.175494351E-38 to 3.402823466E+38

            **** 数值越大,越不准确 ****

        DOUBLE[(M,D)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
            双精度浮点数(非准确小数值),m是数字总个数,d是小数点后个数。

                无符号:
                    -1.7976931348623157E+308 to -2.2250738585072014E-308
                    0
                    2.2250738585072014E-308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308
                有符号:
                    0
                    2.2250738585072014E-308 to 1.7976931348623157E+308
            **** 数值越大,越不准确 ****


        char (m)
            char数据类型用于表示固定长度的字符串,可以包含最多达255个字符。其中m代表字符串的长度。
            PS: 即使数据小于m长度,也会占用m长度
        varchar(m)
            varchars数据类型用于变长的字符串,可以包含最多达255个字符。其中m代表该数据类型所允许保存的字符串的最大长度,只要长度小于该最大值的字符串都可以被保存在该数据类型中。

            注:虽然varchar使用起来较为灵活,但是从整个系统的性能角度来说,char数据类型的处理速度更快,有时甚至可以超出varchar处理速度的50%。因此,用户在设计数据库时应当综合考虑各方面的因素,以求达到最佳的平衡

        text
            text数据类型用于保存变长的大字符串,可以组多到65535 (2**161)个字符。

        mediumtext
            A TEXT column with a maximum length of 16,777,215 (2**241) characters.

        longtext
            A TEXT column with a maximum length of 4,294,967,295 or 4GB (2**321) characters.


        enum
            枚举类型,
            An ENUM column can have a maximum of 65,535 distinct elements. (The practical limit is less than 3000.)
            示例:
                CREATE TABLE shirts (
                    name VARCHAR(40),
                    size ENUM('x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large')
                );
                INSERT INTO shirts (name, size) VALUES ('dress shirt','large'), ('t-shirt','medium'),('polo shirt','small');

        set
            集合类型
            A SET column can have a maximum of 64 distinct members.
            示例:
                CREATE TABLE myset (col SET('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'));
                INSERT INTO myset (col) VALUES ('a,d'), ('d,a'), ('a,d,a'), ('a,d,d'), ('d,a,d');

        DATE
            YYYY-MM-DD(1000-01-01/9999-12-31)

        TIME
            HH:MM:SS('-838:59:59'/'838:59:59'YEAR
            YYYY(1901/2155DATETIME

            YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS(1000-01-01 00:00:00/9999-12-31 23:59:59    Y)

        TIMESTAMP

            YYYYMMDD HHMMSS(1970-01-01 00:00:00/2037 年某时)

 

5.MySQL语句

 1   操作文件夹
2      create database db1;
3   create database db1 default charset utf-8; 4 show databases; 5 use db1; 6 drop database db1; 7 操作表 8 show tables; 9 create table t1(id int,name char(10)) default charset= utf8; 10 create table t1(id int,name char(10)) engine=innodb default charset= utf8; 11 create table t1(id int auto_increment,name char(10)) engine=innodb default charset= utf8; 12 create table t1( 13 列名 类名 null 14 列名 类名 not null 15 列名 类名 not null auto_increment primary key, 16 name char(10)) ... 17 auto_increment:表示自增 18 primary key:表示约束且不能为空;加速查找 19 20 清空表 21 delete from t1;(有痕迹) 22 truncate table t1; 23 删除表 24 drop table t1; 25 插入内容: 26 insert into t1(id,name) values(1,'alex'),(2,'zhang');
       insert into t1(id,name) select user,name from t2;
27 查看内容: 28 select * from t1; 
       select * from t1 where id =1 or name='xx';
       select id,name as cname from t2 where id=1 or name='xx' 
       others:
          select * from tb1 where id != 1;
          selece * from tb1 where id in(1,2,4);
          select * from tb1 where id in(select id from t2);
          select * from tb1 where id not in(1,2,4)
          通配符:
             select * from tb1 where name like "a%";
             select * from tb1 where name like "a_"
          分页:
             select * from tb1 ilmit 10;
             select * from tb1 limit 0,10;#从0开始往后读取10行
          排序:
             select * from tb1 order by id desc; #从大到小
             select * from tb1 order by id asc;#从小到大
             select * from tb1 order by id desc ,id desc;
        ***分组:
             select count(id),max(id),part_id from t1 group by part_id;
             count、sum、avg、max、min
             对于聚合函数结果进行二次筛选时必须使用having ****
             select count(id),part_id from userinfo5 group by part_id having count(id) > 1;
             select count(id),part_id from userinfo5 where id > 0 group by part_id having count(id) > 1;
       ***连表操作:
             select * from tb1,tb2;
             select * from tb1,tb2 where tb1.id=tb2.id;
             select * from tb1 left join tb2 on t1.id= t2.id;
             left 左边全显示  right 右边全显示 innder 将出现null一行是隐藏
29     修改内容:
30         update t1 set age=18 where age=17;
31   others
       创建新表
          (select * form t1 ) as a
          select id,1 from t1; 将会新增一列1
       flush privileges,将数据读取到内存中,从而立即生效

 

posted on 2018-09-22 01:39  crzhang  阅读(55)  评论(0)    收藏  举报