一:注意事项

      1:android6.0使用蓝牙时,需要开启gps定位权限,不然无法搜索其它蓝牙设备。

二:权限

      1:权限配置

<!--允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<!-- 允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!--android 6.0 涉及到的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

 

 

    2:动态权限代码

    由于需要用到存储卡,定位等,android6.0以上需要代码动态设置。

   a)获取定位设置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
     boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());
     Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            //开启位置服务,支持获取ble蓝牙扫描结果
     if (!isLocat) {
        Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
        startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1);
     }
}

 /**
     * 判断位置信息是否开启
     *
     * @param context
     * @return
     */
    private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) {
        LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        //gps定位
        boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
        //网络定位
        boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
        return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider;
    }

 

b)存储卡权限设置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            //动态请求读写sd卡权限
            if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD);
            }
}

然后通过onRequestPermissionsResult()方法获取动态权限的结果:

 @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case SD_CARD:
                if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                  //允许访问

                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒绝了程序访问存储卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                break;
            case COARES_LOCATION:
                break;
        }
    }

 三:蓝牙搜索

android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是蓝牙开发用得比较多,并且比较重要的一个类,可以设备蓝牙名称,打开,关闭,搜索等常规操作。

  1 蓝牙打开,以及搜索

     蓝牙打开和关闭信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收广播

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone"); 
//判断蓝牙是否打开
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}

蓝牙打开后,我们可以获取设备的蓝牙信息

 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 //获取本机蓝牙名称
 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
//获取本机蓝牙地址
 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

搜索完成后,通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND广播去接收结果,广播代码如下(注意:可能出现设备搜索不到的情况,设备需要开启允许周围设备搜索,或者通过程序来控制允许搜索的时间范围)

  /*确保蓝牙被发现,在荣耀8手机上,设置了还是默认的2分钟,所以以下几句代码程序中没有,*/
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//设置可见状态的持续时间为300秒,但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);

private
void initSearchBroadcast() { IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); //发现设备 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); //设备配对状态改变 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED); //蓝牙设备状态改变 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED); //开始扫描 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED); //结束扫描 intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); //其它设备请求配对 intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST); //intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED); registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter); } private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action); try { if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//开始扫描 setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); log1.setText("正在扫描设备,请稍候..."); } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//结束扫描 Logger.e(TAG + "设备搜索完毕"); setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false); log1.setText("扫描完成"); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); scanStatus = false; } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//发现设备 findDevice(intent); } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//蓝牙配对状态的广播 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播:" + device.getBondState()); switch (device.getBondState()) { case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 正在配对......"); break; case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 完成配对,本机自动配对"); bondDevices.add(device); unbondDevices.remove(device); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); break; case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE: Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "蓝牙配对广播 取消配对"); unbondDevices.add(device); bondDevices.remove(device); unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); default: break; } } else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它设备蓝牙配对请求 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态 try { String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/"; String deviceName = btDevice.getName(); Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息:" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); //1.确认配对,高版本无效,蓝牙配对不是zuk的问题,而是安卓6.0的bug,凡是遇到蓝牙适配问题的,请同时打开蓝牙和定位,再去配对,基本90%都没有问题了。 Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true); //2.终止有序广播,如果没有将广播终止,则会出现一个一闪而过的配对框。 abortBroadcast(); //3.调用setPin方法进行配对... boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//蓝牙开关状态 // BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState(); switch (statue) { case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF: Logger.e("蓝牙状态:,蓝牙关闭"); ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON: Logger.e("蓝牙状态:,蓝牙打开"); ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter); scanBluetooth(); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF: Logger.e("蓝牙状态:,蓝牙正在关闭"); mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); break; case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON: Logger.e("蓝牙状态:,蓝牙正在打开"); break; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } };

//发现设备的代码如下
 private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
//获取到设备对象
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
Logger.e("扫描到设备:" + str);
if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判断当前设备地址下的device是否已经配对
if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
bondDevices.add(device);
}
} else {
if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
unbondDevices.add(device);
}
if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
}
}
Log.e("error", "搜索完毕,准备刷新!");
bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}


   

四:蓝牙配对

   正常情况下,蓝牙匹配需要弹出一个匹配确认框,如下图,但我想实现的是,匹配其中一方,不能手动点击配对,因为发起蓝牙连接的设备是android设备,是不能触摸的,所以就要通过程序来解决这个问题,特别声明:(测试的android设备,版本为5.x,并且已经root,没有root的设备,或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配,因为我只有这个测试设备)。

1 当我们搜索到目标手机的蓝牙后,android设备主动发起连接请求,代码如下

 if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
                boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
                Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
 }
//发起蓝牙匹配请求 
public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice)
            throws Exception {
        Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond");
        Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);
        return returnValue.booleanValue();
}

2 当被匹配方点击配对后,系统会通过BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED广播告诉android设备,此时android设备就可以自动确认,通过这个流程来完成整个蓝牙的配对,具体代码如下

 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                    int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //当前的配对的状态
                    try {
                        String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
                        String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
                        Logger.e(TAG + "蓝牙 匹配信息:" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); 
                        if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME  为被匹配蓝牙设备的名称,自己手动定义
                            Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
                            abortBroadcast();
                            boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }

//确认配对
public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception {
        Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class);
       Object object =  setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm);
         return object;
    }

//配对需要调用的方法
public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice,
                                 String str) throws Exception {
        try {
            Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin",
                    new Class[]
                            {byte[].class});
            Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice,
                    new Object[]
                            {str.getBytes()});
            Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue);
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;

    }                        

 到目前为止,蓝牙权限,以及动态权限,蓝牙的打开,关闭,搜索,以及自动配对(特别声明:自动配对的android设备,版本为5.x,并且已经root,没有root的设备,或者不是android5.x不清楚能否实现自动匹配,因为我只有这个测试设备)。)代码至此结束

一章:蓝牙通信第2篇:建立通信和发送文字消息,文件消息
 
demo代码下载:github