新增磁盘分区格式化操作练习

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l   //查看磁盘，发现有一个不能识别的磁盘

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        1288    10241437+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1289        1415     1020127+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            1416        2610     9598837+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            1416        2610     9598806   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb  //对新磁盘进行分区操作
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m   //输入m查看帮助
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n  //输入n新增一个分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p   //输入p新增一个主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1  //输入分区数为1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):   //输入新增分区的第一个磁柱号码
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):  //输入新分区的结束磁柱号码
Using default value 261

Command (m for help): p  //输入p查看分区

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         261     2096451   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w  //输入w将分区信息写入磁盘并退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l  //再次查看分区信息，新磁盘已经可以识别了

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        1288    10241437+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1289        1415     1020127+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            1416        2610     9598837+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            1416        2610     9598806   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         261     2096451   83  Linux
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1  //对新磁盘进行格式化操作，并格式化为ext3
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
262144 inodes, 524112 blocks
26205 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]# df   //查看磁盘，新磁盘还没有被挂载
文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2              9920624   1110888   8297668  12% /
/dev/sda5              9297996    152296   8665760   2% /home
/dev/sda1               101086     11534     84333  13% /boot
tmpfs                   517552         0    517552   0% /dev/shm

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /hdd  //新建一个文件夹用于挂载磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /hdd  //将磁盘挂载到新建的文件夹下
[root@localhost ~]# df  //查看磁盘，新盘已经可以使用了
文件系统               1K-块        已用     可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2              9920624   1110892   8297664  12% /
/dev/sda5              9297996    152296   8665760   2% /home
/dev/sda1               101086     11534     84333  13% /boot
tmpfs                   517552         0    517552   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              2063504     35880   1922804   2% /hdd
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /hdd/new
[root@localhost ~]# ls /hdd
lost+found  new
[root@localhost ~]# nano /etc/fstab  //编辑这个文件，使新磁盘实现开机挂载

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/home             /home                   ext3    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /hdd                    ext3    defaults     0 0
[root@localhost ~]# shutdown -r now  //重启系统。完成操作