自动化运维之PSSH
1.PSSH简介
PSSH提供OpenSSH和相关工具的并行版本。包括pssh，pscp，prsync，pnuke和pslurp。该项目包括psshlib，可以在自定义应用程序中使用。
pssh是python写的可以并发在多台机器上批量执行命令的工具，它的用法可以媲美ansible的一些简单用法，执行起来速度比ansible快它支持文件并行复制，远程命令执行，杀掉远程主机上的进程等等。杀手锏是文件并行复制，，当进行再远程主机批量上传下载的时候，最好使用它。
项目地址: https://code.google.com/archive/p/parallel-ssh/
2.PSSH使用
2.1 安装PSSH
前提条件：注意需要安装 python 2.4 或以上版本
wget https://clsn.io/files/pssh/pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz
tar zxf pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz
cd pssh-2.3.1
python setup.py install
安装过程
[root@clsn.io /opt/pssh-2.3.1]
#python setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/task.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/askpass_server.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/__init__.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/cli.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/psshutil.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/manager.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/askpass_client.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/version.py -> build/lib/psshlib
copying psshlib/color.py -> build/lib/psshlib
running build_scripts
creating build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pssh -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pnuke -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/prsync -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pslurp -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pscp -> build/scripts-2.6
copying and adjusting bin/pssh-askpass -> build/scripts-2.6
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pssh from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pnuke from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/prsync from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pslurp from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pscp from 644 to 755
changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/pssh-askpass from 644 to 755
running install_lib
creating /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/task.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/askpass_server.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/__init__.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/cli.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/psshutil.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/manager.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/askpass_client.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/version.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
copying build/lib/psshlib/color.py -> /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/task.py to task.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/askpass_server.py to askpass_server.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/cli.py to cli.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/psshutil.py to psshutil.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/manager.py to manager.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/askpass_client.py to askpass_client.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/version.py to version.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/psshlib/color.py to color.pyc
running install_scripts
copying build/scripts-2.6/pscp -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/prsync -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pnuke -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pssh -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pssh-askpass -> /usr/bin
copying build/scripts-2.6/pslurp -> /usr/bin
changing mode of /usr/bin/pscp to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/prsync to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pnuke to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pssh to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pssh-askpass to 755
changing mode of /usr/bin/pslurp to 755
running install_data
creating /usr/man
creating /usr/man/man1
copying man/man1/pssh.1 -> /usr/man/man1
copying man/man1/pscp.1 -> /usr/man/man1
copying man/man1/prsync.1 -> /usr/man/man1
copying man/man1/pslurp.1 -> /usr/man/man1
copying man/man1/pnuke.1 -> /usr/man/man1
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pssh-2.3.1-py2.6.egg-info
2.2 安装完成
使用yum安装后，只能使用pssh，但是编译安装后会包括其他命令也安装了（pscp prsync pnuke pslurp）
pssh：在远程多台主机上并行运行命令
Example: pssh -h hosts.txt -l irb2 -o /tmp/foo uptime
pscp :把文件并行复制到多台远程主机上
Example: pscp -h hosts.txt -l irb2 foo.txt /home/irb2/foo.txt
prsync:使用rsync协议本地文件同步到远程多台主机上。
Example: prsync -r -h hosts.txt -l irb2 foo /home/irb2/foo
pnuke:在远程多台主机上并行killall某一进程
Example: pnuke -h hosts.txt -l irb2 java
pslurp:把文件从远程多台主机上复制到本地主机上
Example: pslurp -h hosts.txt -L /tmp/outdir -l irb2
/home/irb2/foo.txt foo.txt
2.3 pssh参数说明
-h HOST_FILE 后边跟远程主机列表（ip）
-H HOST_STRING 后边跟远程主机名或者ip地址
-l USER 指定远程主机的用户名-p PAR 指定pssh最大的并行线程数。
-o 将输出的内容重定向到一个指定的文件中
-O 指定ssh参数的具体配置
-e 将执行错误重定向到一个指定的文件中
-t 设定命令执行超时时间
-x 传递ssh命令的一些参数
-i 在远程主机上执行命令完成后显示标准输出和标准错误
-P 在执行远程命令时，输出执行结果
2.4 其他常用的方法
pssh使用帮助
pssh --help
pssh查看所有服务器的uptime
-h list 指定了执行命令的机器列表
-A表示提示输入密码（如果机器都是ssh key打通的则无需加-A）
pssh -i -A -h list 'uptime'
使用pscp向一堆机器分发文件
pscp -h list localfile remote_dir
从一堆机器中拷贝文件到中心机器
pslurp -h list /etc/hosts local_dir
2.5 常见问题
如果你遇到这样的错误：
IOError: [Errno 4] Interrupted system call
建议升级python版本到python2.7
3.附录
3.1 pssh CLSN站点镜像地址
本站将pssh软件包镜像到本地，以防丢失，有需求的可以执行下载，下载后注意校验MD5值。
|
File
|
Summary + Labels
|
Uploaded
|
Size
|
|
PSSH 2.3.1 Source
|
Feb 3, 2012
|
22.88KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.3 Source
|
Jan 25, 2012
|
21.62KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.2.2 Source
|
Feb 3, 2011
|
20.94KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.2.1 Source
|
Jan 27, 2011
|
20.88KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.2 Source
|
Jan 27, 2011
|
20.84KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.1.1 Source
|
Mar 5, 2010
|
17.94KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.1 Source
|
Feb 26, 2010
|
17.65KB
|
|
|
PSSH 2.0 Source
|
Oct 21, 2009
|
15.03KB
|
3.2 pssh GOOGLE源
| File | Summary + Labels | Uploaded | Size |
|---|---|---|---|
| pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz | PSSH 2.3.1 Source | Feb 3, 2012 | 22.88KB |
| pssh-2.3.tar.gz | PSSH 2.3 Source | Jan 25, 2012 | 21.62KB |
| pssh-2.2.2.tar.gz | PSSH 2.2.2 Source | Feb 3, 2011 | 20.94KB |
| pssh-2.2.1.tar.gz | PSSH 2.2.1 Source | Jan 27, 2011 | 20.88KB |
| pssh-2.2.tar.gz | PSSH 2.2 Source | Jan 27, 2011 | 20.84KB |
| pssh-2.1.1.tar.gz | PSSH 2.1.1 Source | Mar 5, 2010 | 17.94KB |
| pssh-2.1.tar.gz | PSSH 2.1 Source | Feb 26, 2010 | 17.65KB |
| pssh-2.0.tar.gz | PSSH 2.0 Source | Oct 21, 2009 | 15.03KB |
3.3 文件包MD5值
下载完成后务必校验MD5值
| MD5值 | 文件名 |
|---|---|
| dbdbfda5681b82d4c64abdb3668e88bc | pssh-2.3.tar.gz |
| 53e70d53064f658bf8f44880340e8e5c | pssh-2.3.1.tar.gz |
| 689207677b260a7e4178174295b1389e | pssh-2.2.tar.gz |
| 865305ae39647884bc54a42e9f9554bb | pssh-2.2.2.tar.gz |
| f7583259976ef64bf3cae957a0b66e41 | pssh-2.2.1.tar.gz |
| 725f902bb7e128cc7aa1322551f7ca37 | pssh-2.1.tar.gz |
| 4b355966da91850ac530f035f7404cd5 | pssh-2.1.1.tar.gz |
| 07474f9f9dbefedc809e997f04e1dee5 | pssh-2.0.tar.gz |
4.参考文献
https://code.google.com/archive/p/parallel-ssh/
http://opstool.com/article/266
https://www.cnblogs.com/Dicky-Zhang/p/5988415.html
https://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/38835.html
