mariadb自动化安装脚本注释

#!/bin/bash
# 设置系统PATH环境变量
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/opt/bin:/opt/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

# 检查用户是否为root
if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then
    echo "Error: You must be root to run this script, please use root to install"
    exit 1
fi

clear
# 显示脚本标题
echo "Bash script on MariaDB 10.1.16 on CentOS Linux "


# 获取当前目录
cur_dir=$(pwd)

# 设置MySQL root密码
echo "==========================="
mysqlrootpwd="MANAGER"  # 默认密码
echo -e "Please input the root password of mysql:"
read -p "(Default password: MANAGER):" mysqlrootpwd
if [ "$mysqlrootpwd" = "" ]; then
    mysqlrootpwd="MANAGER"
fi
echo "==========================="
echo "MySQL root password:$mysqlrootpwd"
echo "==========================="

# 询问用户是否要安装MariaDB 版本为10.1.16
echo "==========================="
isinstallmysql56="n"
echo "Install MariaDB 10.1.16,Please input y"
read -p "(Please input y , n):" isinstallmysql56

case "$isinstallmysql56" in
y|Y|Yes|YES|yes|yES|yEs|YeS|yeS)
    echo "You will install MySQL 5.6.25"
    isinstallmysql56="y"
    ;;
*)
    echo "INPUT error,You will exit install MariaDB 10.1.16"
    isinstallmysql56="n"
    exit
esac

# 定义一个获取字符的函数（用于暂停脚本）
get_char()
{
    SAVEDSTTY=`stty -g`
    stty -echo
    stty cbreak
    stty -raw
    stty echo
    stty $SAVEDSTTY
}

echo ""
echo "Press any key to start."
char=`get_char`

# 初始化安装环境
function InitInstall()
{
    # 显示系统信息
    cat /etc/issue
    uname -a
    
    # 获取内存总量
    MemTotal=`free -m | grep Mem | awk '{print  $2}'`  
    echo -e "\n Memory is: ${MemTotal} MB "
    
    # 设置时区为上海
    rm -rf /etc/localtime
    ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
    
    # 删除旧版MySQL
    rpm -qa|grep mysql
    rpm -e mysql
    
    # 禁用SELinux
    if [ -s /etc/selinux/config ]; then
        sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
    fi
    setenforce 0
}

# 安装依赖和系统优化
function InstallDependsAndOpt()
{
    cd $cur_dir
    # 设置系统限制
    cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf<<EOF
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
EOF
    echo "fs.file-max=65535" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
}

# 安装MySQL 5.6（实际上是MariaDB 10.1.16）
function InstallMySQL56()
{
    echo "============================Install MariaDB 10.1.16=================================="
    cd $cur_dir
    
    # 备份旧的my.cnf文件
    if [ -s /etc/my.cnf ]; then
        mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.bak
    fi
    
    # 创建mysql用户和组
    groupadd mysql -g 512
    useradd -u 512 -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /home/mysql mysql
    
    # 解压并安装MariaDB
    tar xvf /root/mariadb-10.1.16-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
    mv /root/mariadb-10.1.16-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
    
    # 创建数据目录和日志目录
    mkdir -p /data/mysql
    mkdir -p /log/mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
    chown -R mysql:mysql /log
    
    # 生成server-id（基于IP地址）
    SERVERID=`ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr" | awk '{ print $2}'| awk -F. '{ print $3$4}'`
    
    # 创建my.cnf配置文件
    cat >>/etc/my.cnf<<EOF
[client]
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
# MySWL数据库设置,默认设置，有需要可以修改
[mysqld]
port= 3306
socket= /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir= /usr/local/mysql
datadir= /data/mysql
open_files_limit    = 3072
back_log = 103
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 100000
table_open_cache = 512
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 51
query_cache_size = 32M
tmp_table_size = 96M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /log/mysql/slow.log
log-error = /log/mysql/error.log
long_query_time = 1
server-id = $SERVERID
log-bin = /log/mysql/mysql-bin
sync_binlog = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1024M
expire_logs_days = 60
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
binlog_format = row
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 0
wait_timeout = 14400
interactive_timeout = 14400
skip-name-resolve
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
EOF
    
    # 初始化数据库
    /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
    
    # 设置启动脚本
    cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
    chkconfig --add mysql
    chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
    
    # 设置库文件路径
    cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql-x86_64.conf<<EOF
/usr/local/mysql/lib
EOF
    ldconfig
    
    # 针对OpenVZ虚拟机的特殊设置
    if [ -d "/proc/vz" ];then
        ulimit -s unlimited
    fi
    
    # 启动MySQL服务
    /etc/init.d/mysqld start
    
    # 设置环境变量
    cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/mysql/lib
EOF
    
    # 设置root密码
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password $mysqlrootpwd
    
    # 执行安全脚本（删除匿名用户等）
    cat > /tmp/mysql_sec_script<<EOF
use mysql;
delete from mysql.user where user!='root' or host!='localhost';
flush privileges;
EOF
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p$mysqlrootpwd -h localhost < /tmp/mysql_sec_script
    
    # 重启MySQL服务
    /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
    source /etc/profile
    echo "MariaDB 10.1.16 install completed"
}

# 检查安装结果
function CheckInstall()
{
    echo "===================================== Check install ==================================="
    clear
    ismysql=""
    echo "Checking..."
    
    # 检查关键文件和目录是否存在
    if [ -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ] && [ -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe ] && [ -s /etc/my.cnf ]; then
        echo "MySQL: OK"
        ismysql="ok"
    else
        echo "Error: /usr/local/mysql not found!!!MySQL install failed."
    fi
    
    if [ "$ismysql" = "ok" ]; then
        echo "Install MariaDB 10.1.16 completed! enjoy it."
        echo "========================================================================="
        netstat -ntl
    else
        echo "Sorry,Failed to install MySQL!"
        echo "You can tail /root/mysql-install.log from your server."
    fi
}

# 执行安装过程并记录日志
InitInstall 2>&1 | tee /root/mysql-install.log
InstallDependsAndOpt 2>&1 | tee -a /root/mysql-install.log
InstallMySQL56 2>&1 | tee -a /root/mysql-install.log
CheckInstall 2>&1 | tee -a /root/mysql-install.log

需要注意:
需要提前将mariadb-10.1.16-linux-x86_64.tar.gz安装包放在/root目录下
默认数据库目录为/usr/local/mysql，数据目录为/data/mysql，日志目录为/log/mysql
默认root密码为MANAGER，可以在安装过程中修改