C#绘图程序结题报告
（一） 设计思路：
基于课上完成的绘图工具改进，实现几种图形，因在日常学习实验中涉及到UML图的设计与绘制，标识工具的使用频率较高，于是参照ProcessOn连线设置形式，在原有的基础上添加指示箭头图形与折线。
l 可绘制图形工具及其属性
1. 直线：粗细设置，箭头或普通样式
2. 指示箭头：大小设置
3. 折线：粗细设置，箭头或普通样式，线上设置锚点，可调节折角
4. 矩形：边框粗细，样式，描边或填充
5. 圆角矩形：边框粗细，样式，描边或填充，圆角半径
6. 椭圆类：边框粗细，样式，描边或填充
l 按下选择按钮后进入选择状态，产生选框与可拖拽锚点，中心点，旋转点，图形可进行移动，拉伸，旋转
l 可多选，全选，删除所选图形
l 边框与填充，二者颜色设置
l 清空画板，保存图像，打开图像，退出程序
使用C# 窗体应用+GDI， C#语言面向对象思想
将各种形状(线段、矩形、椭圆等)的起点坐标、大小、颜色等属性信息封装在内部程序。用Graphics类在panel上绘制，把所绘制的图形起点坐标、大小等数据记录在功能类中，使用户在控件上进行单击时，根据单击的坐标判断在矩形上单击或是空白处，在其坐标范围中，表示矩形被选中；用户进行移动鼠标操作，可则根据移动的距离重新计算矩形的起点坐标，得到重新绘制的图形。
将主要功能写入核心类，包括鼠标移动按下事件中的判断其所在位置，获取图形变换前后的坐标点，判断选中图形是否处于拖动选择状态，获取图像变化事件，最终图像，在选中图形的不同位置发生游标变化事件等。
为了程序显示清晰与功能的完整，使用System.Windows.Forms的Cursor类对不同状态下的鼠标指针样式进行设置；界面设计上对ToolStripLabel和ToolStripCombox的是否显示，对选中不同图形进行条件语句判断来设置。
寻找图形绘制属性的关系，对各种类进行继承关系的建立，重写方法，如：圆角矩形类、椭圆图形类继承于矩形类；填充描边类继承于描边类；直线、折线类继承于描边类。设定默认与各种控件传递来的属性。
实现图形变换功能，定义坐标点的有序对，根据不同图形性质，需定义2，3个成员变量，根据不同图形数学公式得到全部点的坐标数据，进行绘制与后续操作。
在绘制图形时，各个图形类中包含对轮廓和选中时的选框部分的绘制，选框与可拖拽锚点其成员变量的数据在类间得到传递。
（二） 核心代码：
https://gitee.com/clematisWSheena/drawing-program.git
Kernel.cs
包含了绘图所需功能
鼠标移动按下事件中的判断其所在位置，获取图形变换前后的坐标点，判断选中图形是否处于拖动选择状态，选择工具事件，获取图像变化事件，最终图像，在选中图形的不同位置发生游标变化事件等
创建涉及到绘画过程私有变量，在后边写入所需函数
private System.ComponentModel.EventHandlerList _events; private Bitmap finalBitmap;//结果图像 private Graphics graphics;//画板 private ToolCursorType cursorType;//使用的工具游标 private SelectToolsLocation selectToolInWhere;//位置 private bool isInSelecting;//判断是否选中 private bool mousePressed;//判断鼠标过程 private bool isEverMove;//判断 private List<DrawableBase> shapesList;//可选图形 private DrawableBase shapeInCreating;// private ToolType currentTool;//当前选择的绘图工具 private List<int> selectedShapesIndexList;//当前选择的图形 private Point lastMovePoint;//终点 private Point mouseDownLocation;//鼠标点 private int pressedHotSpotIndex;//选框 private PropertyCollector proCollector;//样式
选定图形后变更样式
private void applyNewProperty() { if (SelectedShapesCount < 1) return; // 当前仅支持一个选定的形状 if (SelectedShapesCount == 1) { DrawableBase shape = shapesList[selectedShapesIndexList[0]]; switch (shape.ShapeProperty.PropertyType) { case ShapePropertyType.IndicatorArrowProperty: shape.ShapeProperty = proCollector.GetIndicatorProperty(); break; case ShapePropertyType.StrokedProperty: shape.ShapeProperty = proCollector.GetStrokedProperty(); break; case ShapePropertyType.FilledProperty: shape.ShapeProperty = proCollector.GetFilledProperty(); break; case ShapePropertyType.RoundedRectProperty: shape.ShapeProperty = proCollector.GetRoundedRectProperty(); break; } } } private void CheckShapeProperty() { if (currentTool != ToolType.ShapeSelect || SelectedShapesCount != 1) return; bool diff = false; BaseProperty basepro = shapesList[selectedShapesIndexList[0]].ShapeProperty; if (basepro is IndicatorArrowProperty) { IndicatorArrowProperty ip = (IndicatorArrowProperty)basepro; if (ip.LineColor != proCollector.StrokeColor || ip.LineSize != proCollector.IndicatorLineSize) { diff = true; proCollector.StrokeColor = ip.LineColor; proCollector.IndicatorLineSize = ip.LineSize; } } if (basepro is StrokedProperty) { StrokedProperty sp = (StrokedProperty)basepro; if (proCollector.PenWidth != sp.PenWidth || proCollector.StrokeColor != sp.StrokeColor || proCollector.LineDash != sp.LineDash || proCollector.StartLineCap != sp.StartLineCap || proCollector.EndLineCap != sp.EndLineCap || proCollector.PenAlign != sp.PenAlign || proCollector.HowLineJoin != sp.HowLineJoin) { diff = true; proCollector.PenWidth = sp.PenWidth; proCollector.StrokeColor = sp.StrokeColor; proCollector.LineDash = sp.LineDash; proCollector.StartLineCap = sp.StartLineCap; proCollector.EndLineCap = sp.EndLineCap; proCollector.PenAlign = sp.PenAlign; proCollector.HowLineJoin = sp.HowLineJoin; } } if (basepro is FilledProperty) { FilledProperty fp = (FilledProperty)basepro; if (proCollector.PaintType != fp.PaintType || proCollector.FillColor != fp.FillColor || proCollector.FillType != fp.FillType) { diff = true; proCollector.PaintType = fp.PaintType; proCollector.FillColor = fp.FillColor; proCollector.FillType = fp.FillType; } } if (basepro is RoundedRectProperty) { RoundedRectProperty rp = (RoundedRectProperty)basepro; if (proCollector.RadiusAll != rp.RadiusAll) { diff = true; proCollector.RadiusAll = rp.RadiusAll; } } if (diff) { OnPropertyCollectorChanged(EventArgs.Empty); } }
// 图像改变事件 private static object Event_FinalBitmapChanged = new object(); public event EventHandler FinalBitmapChanged { add { _events.AddHandler(Event_FinalBitmapChanged, value); } remove { _events.RemoveHandler(Event_FinalBitmapChanged, value); } } protected virtual void OnFinalBitmapChanged(EventArgs e) { EventHandler handler = (EventHandler)_events[Event_FinalBitmapChanged]; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } } // 选中图形改变事件 private static object Event_SelectedShapesChanged = new object(); public event EventHandler SelectedShapesChanged { add { _events.AddHandler(Event_SelectedShapesChanged, value); } remove { _events.RemoveHandler(Event_SelectedShapesChanged, value); } } protected virtual void OnSelectedShapesChanged(EventArgs e) { CheckShapeProperty(); EventHandler handler = (EventHandler)_events[Event_SelectedShapesChanged]; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } } // 游标改变事件 private static object Event_CursorTypeChanged = new object(); public event EventHandler CursorTypeChanged { add { _events.AddHandler(Event_CursorTypeChanged, value); } remove { _events.RemoveHandler(Event_CursorTypeChanged, value); } } protected virtual void OnCursorTypeChanged(EventArgs e) { EventHandler handler = (EventHandler)_events[Event_CursorTypeChanged]; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } } // 选择工具事件 private static object Event_SelectToolInSelecting = new object(); public event EventHandler SelectToolInSelecting { add { _events.AddHandler(Event_SelectToolInSelecting, value); } remove { _events.RemoveHandler(Event_SelectToolInSelecting, value); } } protected virtual void OnSelectToolInSelecting(EventArgs e) { EventHandler handler = (EventHandler)_events[Event_SelectToolInSelecting]; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } } // 样式改变事件 private static object Event_PropertyCollectorChanged = new object(); public event EventHandler PropertyCollectorChanged { add { _events.AddHandler(Event_PropertyCollectorChanged, value); } remove { _events.RemoveHandler(Event_PropertyCollectorChanged, value); } } protected virtual void OnPropertyCollectorChanged(EventArgs e) { EventHandler handler = (EventHandler)_events[Event_PropertyCollectorChanged]; if (handler != null) { handler(this, e); } }
图形绘制属性的关系，对各种类进行继承关系的建立，重写方法，如：圆角矩形类、椭圆图形类继承于矩形类；填充描边类继承于描边类；直线、折线类继承于描边类。设定默认与传递来的属性
StrokedProperty.cs
public class StrokedProperty : BaseProperty //绘制样式属性 { public override ShapePropertyType PropertyType { get { return ShapePropertyType.StrokedProperty; } } public float PenWidth { get; set; } public Color StrokeColor { get; set; } public LineDashType LineDash { get; set; } public LineCapType StartLineCap { get; set; } public LineCapType EndLineCap { get; set; } public PenAlignment PenAlign { get; set; } public LineJoin HowLineJoin { get; set; } public StrokedProperty()//默认 { PenWidth = 1.0f; StrokeColor = Color.Black; LineDash = LineDashType.Solid;//线 StartLineCap = LineCapType.Square;//起始 EndLineCap = LineCapType.Square;//结束 PenAlign = PenAlignment.Center;//对齐方式 HowLineJoin = LineJoin.Round;//连接方式 } public StrokedProperty Clone() { StrokedProperty sp = new StrokedProperty(); sp.PenWidth = this.PenWidth;//粗细 sp.StrokeColor = this.StrokeColor;//边框颜色 sp.LineDash = this.LineDash;//线样式 sp.StartLineCap = this.StartLineCap;//起始 sp.EndLineCap = this.EndLineCap;//结束 sp.PenAlign = this.PenAlign;//对齐 sp.HowLineJoin = this.HowLineJoin;//连接方式 return sp; } }
StrokedShape.cs
继承于DrawableBase.cs
public abstract class StrokedShape : DrawableBase { private StrokedProperty _property; private Pen pen; public StrokedShape(Kernel container, StrokedProperty property) : base(container, property) { _property = property; if (_property != null) SetNewPen(); } protected override void AfterPropertyChanged(BaseProperty oldValue, BaseProperty newValue) { _property = (StrokedProperty)newValue; if (_property != null) SetNewPen(); } //设置样式 private void SetNewPen() { if (pen != null) pen.Dispose(); float width = Math.Min(_property.PenWidth, Const.Max_Stroke_Width); pen = new Pen(_property.StrokeColor, width); pen.Alignment = _property.PenAlign; pen.LineJoin = _property.HowLineJoin; //线样式 switch (_property.LineDash) { case LineDashType.Solid: pen.DashStyle = DashStyle.Solid; break; case LineDashType.Dot: pen.DashStyle = DashStyle.Dot; break; case LineDashType.DashedDot: pen.DashStyle = DashStyle.DashDot; break; case LineDashType.DashedDotDot: pen.DashStyle = DashStyle.DashDotDot; break; case LineDashType.Dash1: pen.DashPattern = new float[] { 2, 2 }; break; case LineDashType.Dash2: pen.DashPattern = new float[] { 4, 4 }; break; } //头部样式 switch (_property.StartLineCap) { case LineCapType.Rounded: pen.StartCap = LineCap.Round; break; case LineCapType.Square: pen.StartCap = LineCap.Square; break; case LineCapType.LineArrow: pen.CustomStartCap = new LineArrowCap(); break; case LineCapType.NormalArrow: pen.CustomStartCap = new AdjustableArrowCap(5, 5, true); break; case LineCapType.SharpArrow: pen.CustomStartCap = new SharpArrowCap(); break; case LineCapType.SharpArrow2: pen.CustomStartCap = new SharpArrowCap(8.0f, 6.4f, 4.2f); break; case LineCapType.Rectangle: pen.CustomStartCap = new RectangleCap(); break; case LineCapType.Circle: pen.CustomStartCap = new CircleCap(); break; case LineCapType.Hip: break; } //尾部样式 switch (_property.EndLineCap) { case LineCapType.Rounded: pen.EndCap = LineCap.Round; break; case LineCapType.Square: pen.EndCap = LineCap.Square; break; case LineCapType.LineArrow: pen.CustomEndCap = new LineArrowCap(); break; case LineCapType.NormalArrow: pen.CustomEndCap = new AdjustableArrowCap(5, 5, true); break; case LineCapType.SharpArrow: pen.CustomEndCap = new SharpArrowCap(); break; case LineCapType.SharpArrow2: pen.CustomEndCap = new SharpArrowCap(8.0f, 6.4f, 4.2f); break; case LineCapType.Rectangle: pen.CustomEndCap = new RectangleCap(); break; case LineCapType.Circle: pen.CustomEndCap = new CircleCap(); break; case LineCapType.Hip: break; }
FilledShape.cs
RectShape.cs
///<summary>
///结构体，用于表示一个矩形区域，可以是可拖动的线段顶点，虚线选择框上面锚点（拖动可对形状缩放）
///以及一个旋转形状的区域
///</summary>
publicstructDraggableHotSpot
{
public Rectangle Rect;//选框
public HotSpotType _type;//锚点类型
publicint AnchorAngle;//角度
publicbool Visible;//隐藏或显示属性
publicDraggableHotSpot(HotSpotType type)
{
Rect = Rectangle.Empty;
_type = type;
AnchorAngle = 0;
Visible = true;
}
publicDraggableHotSpot(Rectangle rect, HotSpotType type)
{
Rect = rect;
_type = type;
AnchorAngle = 0;
Visible = true;
}
public HotSpotType Type { get { return _type; } }
}
}
ShapeHelper.cs
//图形绘制实现工具，实现图形变换功能，定义坐标点的有序对，根据不同图形性质，需定义2，3个成员变量，根据不同图形数学公式得到全部点的坐标数据，进行绘制与后续操作
TransformHelper.cs
实现变换功能，根据鼠标移动位置和锚点坐标，数学公式计算得出图形变换后数据点
public static class TransformHelper { /// <summary> /// 用于椭圆变换，返回按旋转前x, y坐标放大后的椭圆的数据点 /// </summary> public static PointF[] GetScaledEllipsePathPoints(GraphicsPath path, int index, Point mousePos, bool shift) //路径中的点 { PointF[] pf = path.PathPoints; if (index > 3) { int[] ex = new int[] { 9, 0, 3, 6 }; return getScaledEllipsePathPoints_Sides(pf, ex[(index - 4)], mousePos); } else { return getScaledEllipsePathPoints_Corners(pf, index, mousePos, shift); } } private static PointF[] getScaledEllipsePathPoints_Corners(PointF[] pf, int index, Point mousePos, bool shift) //游标点 { int[] ex = new int[] { 6, 9, 9, 0, 0, 3, 3, 6 }; pf = getScaledEllipsePathPoints_Sides(pf, ex[index * 2], mousePos); return getScaledEllipsePathPoints_Sides(pf, ex[index * 2 + 1], mousePos); } private static PointF[] getScaledEllipsePathPoints_Sides(PointF[] pf, int index, Point mousePos) //边 { int index2 = (index + 6) % 12; float dx = mousePos.X - pf[index].X; float dy = mousePos.Y - pf[index].Y; double r = Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); double angle = Math.Atan2(pf[index].Y - pf[index2].Y, pf[index].X - pf[index2].X); double mouseAngle = Math.Atan2(mousePos.Y - pf[index].Y, mousePos.X - pf[index].X); double length = r * Math.Cos(mouseAngle - angle); dx = (float)(length * Math.Cos(angle)); dy = (float)(length * Math.Sin(angle)); int[] indices = new int[] { 9, 11, 12, 13, 15 }; foreach (int i in indices) { int j = (index + i) % 12; if (i == 11 || i == 12 || i == 13) { pf[j].X += dx; pf[j].Y += dy; } else { pf[j].X += dx / 2; pf[j].Y += dy / 2; } } dx = pf[index].X - pf[index2].X; dy = pf[index].Y - pf[index2].Y; length = Math.Sqrt(dy * dy + dx * dx); float len = (float)(length / 2 * Const.MagicBezier); angle = Math.Atan2(pf[index].Y - pf[index2].Y, pf[index].X - pf[index2].X); int t1 = (index + 8) % 12; int t2 = (index + 9) % 12; int t3 = (index + 10) % 12; pf[t3].X = (float)(pf[t2].X + len * Math.Cos(angle)); pf[t3].Y = (float)(pf[t2].Y + len * Math.Sin(angle)); pf[t1].X = (float)(pf[t2].X + len * Math.Cos(angle + Math.PI)); pf[t1].Y = (float)(pf[t2].Y + len * Math.Sin(angle + Math.PI)); int s1 = (index + 4) % 12; int s2 = (index + 3) % 12; int s3 = (index + 2) % 12; dx = pf[s2].X - pf[t2].X; dy = pf[s2].Y - pf[t2].Y; pf[s3].X = pf[t3].X + dx; pf[s3].Y = pf[t3].Y + dy; pf[s1].X = pf[t1].X + dx; pf[s1].Y = pf[t1].Y + dy; pf[12] = pf[0]; return pf; } /// <summary> /// 用于矩形变换，返回按旋转前x, y坐标放大后的数据点 /// </summary> public static PointF[] GetScaledRectPathPoints(GraphicsPath path, int draggedPointIndex, PointF draggedPoint, Point mousePos, bool shift) { if (draggedPointIndex > 3) return getRectScaledPoints_Sides(path, draggedPointIndex, draggedPoint, mousePos); else return getRectScaledPoints_Corners(path, draggedPointIndex, mousePos, shift); } private static PointF[] getRectScaledPoints_Sides(GraphicsPath path, int draggedPointIndex, PointF draggedPoint, Point mousePos) { int targetPt1Index = draggedPointIndex - 4; int targetPt2Index = (targetPt1Index + 1) % 4; int anglePt2Index = targetPt2Index; int anglePt1Index = (anglePt2Index + 1) % 4; PointF[] pf = path.PathPoints; double angle = Math.Atan2(pf[anglePt2Index].Y - pf[anglePt1Index].Y, pf[anglePt2Index].X - pf[anglePt1Index].X); float dy = mousePos.Y - draggedPoint.Y; float dx = mousePos.X - draggedPoint.X; double mouseAngle = Math.Atan2(dy, dx); double r = Math.Sqrt(dy * dy + dx * dx); double length = r * Math.Cos(mouseAngle - angle); pf[targetPt1Index].X = (float)(pf[targetPt1Index].X + length * Math.Cos(angle)); pf[targetPt1Index].Y = (float)(pf[targetPt1Index].Y + length * Math.Sin(angle)); pf[targetPt2Index].X = (float)(pf[targetPt2Index].X + length * Math.Cos(angle)); pf[targetPt2Index].Y = (float)(pf[targetPt2Index].Y + length * Math.Sin(angle)); return pf; } private static PointF[] getRectScaledPoints_Corners(GraphicsPath path, int draggedPointIndex, Point mousePos, bool shift) { int targetPt1Index = (draggedPointIndex + 3) % 4; int targetPt2Index = (draggedPointIndex + 1) % 4; int pinPtIndex = (draggedPointIndex + 2) % 4; PointF[] pf = path.PathPoints; double angle1 = Math.Atan2(pf[targetPt1Index].Y - pf[pinPtIndex].Y, pf[targetPt1Index].X - pf[pinPtIndex].X); double angle2 = Math.Atan2(pf[targetPt2Index].Y - pf[pinPtIndex].Y, pf[targetPt2Index].X - pf[pinPtIndex].X); float dy = mousePos.Y - pf[pinPtIndex].Y; float dx = mousePos.X - pf[pinPtIndex].X; double mouseAngle = Math.Atan2(dy, dx); double r = Math.Sqrt(dy * dy + dx * dx); double length1 = r * Math.Cos(mouseAngle - angle1); double length2 = r * Math.Cos(mouseAngle - angle2); float x1 = (float)(pf[pinPtIndex].X + length1 * Math.Cos(angle1)); float y1 = (float)(pf[pinPtIndex].Y + length1 * Math.Sin(angle1)); float x2 = (float)(pf[pinPtIndex].X + length2 * Math.Cos(angle2)); float y2 = (float)(pf[pinPtIndex].Y + length2 * Math.Sin(angle2)); pf[targetPt1Index].X = x1; pf[targetPt1Index].Y = y1; pf[draggedPointIndex].X = mousePos.X; pf[draggedPointIndex].Y = mousePos.Y; pf[targetPt2Index].X = x2; pf[targetPt2Index].Y = y2; return pf; } } }
StrokedProperty.cs
描边属性类，直线折线类
FormMain.cs
主页面功能显示与实现
标记索引值，用于后续事件传递
选择语句
修改事件
菜单栏设置
加载主窗体
菜单栏文件功能，编辑功能
调用Kernel类的方法
（三） 软件截图：
（四） 测试用例
1. 绘制直线，粗细为2，样式点线
2. 绘制直线，样式：线状箭头，实线，线状箭头
3. 绘制指示箭头，尺寸中
4. 绘制折线，粗细为6，红色，样式：圆角起点，实线，圆角终点
5. 绘制矩形，粗细为5，样式：圆角起点，实线，圆角终点，仅描边，颜色：蓝色
6. 绘制矩形，粗细为8，样式：圆角起点，虚线，圆角终点，
描边及填充，颜色：蓝色灰色
7. 绘制圆角矩形，仅填充，颜色：橙色
8. 绘制椭圆，粗细为14，仅描边，黑色，将其旋转90°
9. 移动图形从左到右
10. 拉伸图形
11. 将图像保存到桌面，文件名test1.jpg
12. 打开图像test1.jpg
13. 全选图形
14. 选中矩形并删除
15. 清空画板
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