OS第1次实验报告:熟悉使用Linux命令和剖析ps命令

个人信息

  • 姓名:程开
  • 学号:201821121060
  • 班级:计算1812

1. 实验环境介绍

  • 操作系统:Windows 家庭中文版 1903
  • 平台:Cygwin及cmd命令行

将Cygwin目录下的bin文件添加到环境变量Path下面

 

 

 

 

2. 常用命令使用

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 等等

 

3.剖析ps命令

SYNOPSIS
       ps [−aA] [−defl] [−g grouplist] [−G grouplist]
           [−n namelist] [−o format]... [−p proclist] [−t termlist]
           [−u userlist] [−U userlist]

       −a        Write information for all processes associated with terminals.  Implementations may omit session leaders from this list.
       −A        Write information for all processes.
       −d        Write information for all processes, except session leaders.
       −e        Write information for all processes.  (Equivalent to −A.)
       −f        Generate a full listing. (See the STDOUT section for the contents of a full listing.)
       −g grouplist
                 Write information for processes whose session leaders are given in grouplist.  The application shall ensure that the  grouplist  is  a  single  argument  in  the  form  of  a  <blank>  or
                 <comma>-separated list.
       −G grouplist
                 Write  information  for  processes  whose  real  group ID numbers are given in grouplist.  The application shall ensure that the grouplist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
                 <comma>-separated list.
       −l        Generate a long listing. (See STDOUT for the contents of a long listing.)
       −n namelist
                 Specify the name of an alternative system namelist file in place of the default. The name of the default file and the format of a namelist file are unspecified.
       −o format Write information according to the format specification given in format.  This is fully described in the STDOUT section. Multiple −o options can be  specified;  the  format  specification
                 shall be interpreted as the <space>-separated concatenation of all the format option-arguments.
       −p proclist
                 Write  information  for  processes  whose  process  ID  numbers  are  given  in  proclist.  The application shall ensure that the proclist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or
                 <comma>-separated list.
       −t termlist
                 Write information for processes associated with terminals given in termlist.  The application shall ensure that the termlist is a single argument in the form of a <blank> or <comma>-sep‐
                 arated  list. Terminal identifiers shall be given in an implementation-defined format.  On XSI-conformant systems, they shall be given in one of two forms: the device's filename (for ex‐
                 ample, tty04) or, if the device's filename starts with tty, just the identifier following the characters tty (for example, "04").
       −u userlist
                 Write information for processes whose user ID numbers or login names are given in userlist.  The application shall ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of  a  <blank>
                 or <comma>-separated list. In the listing, the numerical user ID shall be written unless the −f option is used, in which case the login name shall be written.
       −U userlist
                 Write  information  for  processes  whose  real user ID numbers or login names are given in userlist.  The application shall ensure that the userlist is a single argument in the form of a
                 <blank> or <comma>-separated list.
 

 

 

命令ps -ef:显示所有进程信息,连同命令行

 

-e:显示所有进程

-f:全格式

ps -e 列出程序时,显示每个程序所使用的环境变量。
ps -f 用ASCII字符显示树状结构,表达程序间的相互关系

UID: 说明该程序被谁拥有
PID:就是指该程序的 ID
PPID: 就是指该程序父级程序的 ID
STIME: 程序的启动时间
TTY: 指的是登录终端
CMD: 下达的指令

D: 无法中断的休眠状态 (通常 IO 的进程)

R: 正在执行中

S: 静止状态

T: 暂停执行

Z: 不存在但暂时无法消除

W: 没有足够的记忆体分页可分配

<: 高优先序的行程

N: 低优先序的行程

L: 有记忆体分页分配并锁在记忆体内 (实时系统或捱A I/O)

START: 行程开始时间

命令 ps -aux:显示所有包含其他使用者的行程

 

 -a:显示所有进程

-u :以用户为主的进程状态

x :通常与 a 这个参数一起使用,可列出较完整信息

 

命令ps -l:将目前属于您自己这次登入的 PID 与相关信息列示出来

 

 

ps d :显示所有进程,除了用户

 

l :较长、较详细的将该PID 的的信息列出

j :工作的格式 (jobs format)

g:过时,不在使用

-g:按进程或者效率把名字分组

p:按进程ID显示

 

4. 通过该实验产生新的疑问及解答

开始使用man ps命令提示"没有ps的手册页条目"

   解决方法:再装一次cygwin,同时在包里面找到man-page导入就可以了

②ps命令能够支持的系统类型相当的多,所以他的参数很多,而且有没有加上 - 差很多,中间犯了一些错。

 

posted @ 2020-03-07 16:23  Amazing_C  阅读(110)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报