英语语法

Study Objectives
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造句:能够比较流畅地在日常沟通和口述中知道如何造句。
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阅读:能够阅读英文书籍和文献中复杂的长句。
Reference
Summary of English Grammar

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谓语动词:英语中两个最基本的句子成分为 什么(主语)+ 怎么样(谓语)
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主语 + 动词(不及物动词,可独立完成的动作):He sleeps
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主语 + 动词(单及物动词) + 宾语(有1个动作承受者):He likes you
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主语 + 动词(双及物动词)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(有2两个动作承受者):He teaches you English
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主语 + 动词(复杂及物动词)+ 宾语 + 宾语补语 (有1个动作承受者但需要补充): He consides you smart
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主语 + 动词(系动词,非"动作") + 主语补语(表语):He is smart / He looks smart / He is in the room(将状态赋予给主语)
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补充:
- 定语(修饰主语或宾语):The little white rabbit ate a large carrot
- 状语(修饰谓语动词):The rabbit ate quickly
- 同位语(再将主语或谓语说明一遍):He, an teacher, eats carrot
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助动词:谓语动词可以表达动作的时间,状态,语气等,但需要助动词的帮助
- have:have eaten
- be: is eating
- be: is eaten
- can:can eat
- might / must / do:do not eat
- ...
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非谓语动词:基于可以取代所有的从句,从而简化句子,但会失去时态,语句,语态这些谓语动词的本领
非谓语动词
一条简单句并不能出现两个谓语动词:I am a rabbit, I eat carrots.
需要改写成并列句/主+从句:
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I am a rabbit, so I eat carrots.(连句)
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Because I am a rabbit, I eat carrots(主句+从句)
一个动词若想要担当除谓语动词外的其他句子成分,必须把这个动词转换为非谓语动词

动词不定式
to + 动词原型
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不定式做主语:To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit
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不定式做宾语:The rabbit likes to eat rabbit
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简化:I will do any things to get a thumbs-up <=> I will do any things in order that I get a thumbs-up
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...

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