Web自动化测试：获取浏览器弹窗alert、自定义弹窗以及其操作

在测试中，有时候会遇到弹窗的问题，有的是浏览器弹窗(alert)、有的是自定义弹窗;这节我们主要来讨论一下关于浏览器弹窗和简单的自定义弹窗。

一、关于alert弹窗的方法

switch_to_alert(): 定位到alert弹窗，返回一个弹窗的对象

dismiss(): 对弹窗对象的取消操作(相当于点击弹窗上的取消按钮)

accept():对弹窗对象的确定操作(相当于点击弹窗上的确定按钮)

text:对弹窗对象，获取弹窗内的文本

send_keys(key):对弹窗对象内的输入框输入数据(如果弹窗的格式有输入框的话可以使用)

authenticate(name, pass):对于身份认证弹窗，输入用户名和密码并自动提交(一般可能会用于本地搭建的一些系统)如图：

二、alert包的源码展示

class Alert(object):
"""
Allows to work with alerts.
Use this class to interact with alert prompts.  It contains methods for dismissing,
accepting, inputting, and getting text from alert prompts.
Accepting / Dismissing alert prompts::
Alert(driver).accept()
Alert(driver).dismiss()
Inputting a value into an alert prompt:
name_prompt = Alert(driver)
name_prompt.send_keys("Willian Shakesphere")
name_prompt.accept()
Reading a the text of a prompt for verification:
alert_text = Alert(driver).text
self.assertEqual("Do you wish to quit?", alert_text)
    """
 def __init__(self, driver):
        """
Creates a new Alert.
:Args:
- driver: The WebDriver instance which performs user actions.
 """
self.driver = driver
@property
def text(self):
 """
Gets the text of the Alert.
 """
return self.driver.execute(Command.GET_ALERT_TEXT)["value"]
def dismiss(self):
 """
Dismisses the alert available.
 """
self.driver.execute(Command.DISMISS_ALERT)
def accept(self):
"""
Accepts the alert available.
Usage::
Alert(driver).accept() # Confirm a alert dialog.
"""
self.driver.execute(Command.ACCEPT_ALERT)
def send_keys(self, keysToSend):
"""
Send Keys to the Alert.
:Args:
- keysToSend: The text to be sent to Alert.
"""
if self.driver.w3c:
self.driver.execute(Command.SET_ALERT_VALUE, {'value': keys_to_typing(keysToSend)})
else:
self.driver.execute(Command.SET_ALERT_VALUE, {'text': keysToSend})
 def authenticate(self, username, password):
"""
Send the username / password to an Authenticated dialog (like with Basic HTTP Auth).
Implicitly 'clicks ok'
Usage::
driver.switch_to.alert.authenticate('cheese', 'secretGouda')
:Args:
-username: string to be set in the username section of the dialog
-password: string to be set in the password section of the dialog
"""
self.driver.execute(
 Command.SET_ALERT_CREDENTIALS,
{'username': username, 'password': password})
self.accept()

三、实例：w3c的alert页面

代码展示:

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.w3school.com.cn/tiy/t.asp?f=jseg_prompt")
 
# 通过frame的name值来定位
driver.switch_to_frame("i")
 
# 点击按钮触发弹窗
ele = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("body > input[type='button']")
ele.click()
sleep(2)
 
# 定位到到弹窗
a = driver.switch_to_alert()
print(driver)
# 获取弹窗的内容
print(a.text)
 
# 触发取消按钮
a.dismiss()
sleep(2)
 
# 再次点击按钮触发弹窗
ele.click()
 
# 在弹窗中的输入框输入数据
a.send_keys("许西城")
sleep(2)
 
# 触发确认按钮
a.accept()

四、普通的隐藏弹窗

平时的话，我们一般遇到的都是自定义弹窗，所以说一般不是不用到alert的，但是还是要拿出来说一下的;一般这种自定义弹窗是自定义的div层，然后是隐藏的，所以当你触发了这个弹窗后，它就会显示出来，这时我们通过正常的定位方式是可以正常定位到的。

下面就主要看一下百度的登录弹窗

代码展示:

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
# 打开谷歌浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
 
# 输入网址并访问
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
 
# 点击登录按钮
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#u1 > a.lb").click()
sleep(2)
 
# 定位登录弹窗的输入框，并输入数据
name_box = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#TANGRAM__PSP_10__userName")
name_box.send_keys("name")