proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后面加不加/的说明
在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置在Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现(http方式)也提到过)。
下面举个小实例说明下:
centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库
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1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库,安装Nginx的库[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm 2)使用下面命令安装nginx[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx 3)nginx配置[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlthis is page of test!!!! 4)启动Nginx[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service 5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23this is page of test!!!! |

--------------------------看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试-----------------
为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:
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[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.confserver {listen 8090;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}}[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.htmlthis is 192.168.1.5[root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090this is 192.168.1.5 |

192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:
1)第一种情况:
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;}} |
这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面
注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带"/"),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/this is 192.168.1.5[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy<html><head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head><body bgcolor="white"><center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center><hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center></body></html> |
页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都会失败!这样配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/ |

3)第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/192.168.1.5 haha-index.html |
这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;}location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html上面配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html同理,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败! |

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上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/",下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况:
1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带"/":
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |


2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service[root@localhost conf.d]# |
这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3)第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |
这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.confserver {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {root /var/www/html;index index.html;} location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha;}}[root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restartRedirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |
这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/


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