实验6
实验任务1:
源代码:
contestant.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include <iomanip> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 6 struct Contestant { 7 long id; // 学号 8 std::string name; // 姓名 9 std::string major; // 专业 10 int solved; // 解题数 11 int penalty; // 总罚时 12 }; 13 14 // 重载<< 15 // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符 16 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) { 17 out << std::left; 18 out << std::setw(15) << c.id 19 << std::setw(15) << c.name 20 << std::setw(15) << c.major 21 << std::setw(10) << c.solved 22 << std::setw(10) << c.penalty; 23 24 return out; 25 } 26 27 // 重载>> 28 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) { 29 in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty; 30 31 return in; 32 }
utils.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include <fstream> 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <stdexcept> 5 #include <string> 6 #include <vector> 7 #include "contestant.hpp" 8 9 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序 10 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { 11 if(a.solved != b.solved) 12 return a.solved > b.solved; 13 14 return a.penalty < b.penalty; 15 } 16 17 // 将结果写至任意输出流 18 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 19 for (const auto& x : v) 20 os << x << '\n'; 21 } 22 23 // 将结果打印到屏幕 24 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 25 write(std::cout, v); 26 } 27 28 // 将结果保存到文件 29 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { 30 std::ofstream os(filename); 31 if (!os) 32 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 33 34 write(os, v); 35 } 36 37 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行) 38 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) { 39 std::ifstream is(filename); 40 if (!is) 41 throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); 42 43 std::string line; 44 std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 45 46 std::vector<Contestant> v; 47 Contestant t; 48 int seq; 49 while (is >> seq >> t) 50 v.push_back(t); 51 52 return v; 53 }
task1.cpp
1 #include <algorithm> 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <stdexcept> 4 #include <vector> 5 #include "contestant.hpp" 6 #include "utils.hpp" 7 8 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; 9 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; 10 11 void app() { 12 std::vector<Contestant> contestants; 13 14 try { 15 contestants = load(in_file); 16 std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); 17 print(contestants); 18 save(out_file, contestants); 19 } catch (const std::exception& e) { 20 std::cerr << e.what() << '\n'; 21 return; 22 } 23 } 24 25 int main() { 26 app(); 27 }
运行结果截图:


回答问题:
问题1:
(1)因为std::cout和std::ofstream都是std::ostream的派生类
(2)不需要
问题2:
(1)异常在load()和save()中抛出,当文件无法打开时触发。
(2)异常在app()的try-catch块中被捕获,输出错误信息并返回。
问题3:可以。一致。
问题4:
(1)

文件有空白行或字段缺失,operator>>会失败,导致读取异常或数据错乱。
实验任务2:
源代码
student.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 3 #include <iostream> 4 #include <string> 5 6 class Student { 7 public: 8 Student() = default; 9 ~Student() = default; 10 11 const std::string get_major() const; 12 int get_grade() const; 13 14 friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s); 15 friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s); 16 17 private: 18 int id; 19 std::string name; 20 std::string major; 21 int grade; // 0-100 22 };
student.cpp
1 #include "student.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 const std::string Student::get_major() const { 5 return major; 6 } 7 8 int Student::get_grade() const { 9 return grade; 10 } 11 12 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s) { 13 os << std::left; 14 os << std::setw(10) << s.id 15 << std::setw(15) << s.name 16 << std::setw(15) << s.major 17 << std::setw(10) << s.grade; 18 return os; 19 } 20 21 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s) { 22 is >> s.id >> s.name >> s.major >> s.grade; 23 return is; 24 }
stumgr.hpp
1 #pragma once 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include "student.hpp" 5 6 class StuMgr { 7 public: 8 void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) 9 void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 10 void print() const; // 打印到屏幕 11 void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件 12 13 private: 14 void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流 15 16 private: 17 std::vector<Student> students; 18 };
stumgr.cpp
1 #include "stumgr.hpp" 2 #include <fstream> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 #include <stdexcept> 5 #include <iostream> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file) { 9 std::ifstream is(file); 10 if (!is) { 11 throw std::runtime_error("cannot open file: " + file); 12 } 13 14 students.clear(); 15 16 std::string line; 17 std::getline(is, line); 18 19 Student s; 20 while (is >> s) { 21 students.push_back(s); 22 } 23 24 if (students.empty()) { 25 throw std::runtime_error("no valid data loaded from file"); 26 } 27 } 28 29 void StuMgr::sort() { 30 if (students.empty()) { 31 throw std::runtime_error("no data to sort"); 32 } 33 34 std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), 35 [](const Student& a, const Student& b) { 36 if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) { 37 return a.get_major() < b.get_major(); 38 } 39 return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade(); 40 } 41 ); 42 } 43 44 void StuMgr::write(std::ostream& os) const { 45 if (students.empty()) { 46 os << "(empty)\n"; 47 return; 48 } 49 50 os << std::left; 51 os << std::setw(10) << "学号" 52 << std::setw(15) << "姓名" 53 << std::setw(15) << "专业" 54 << std::setw(10) << "成绩" << '\n'; 55 56 os << std::string(50, '-') << '\n'; 57 58 for (const auto& student : students) { 59 os << student << '\n'; 60 } 61 } 62 63 void StuMgr::print() const { 64 write(std::cout); 65 } 66 67 void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const { 68 if (students.empty()) { 69 throw std::runtime_error("no data to save"); 70 } 71 72 std::ofstream os(file); 73 if (!os) { 74 throw std::runtime_error("cannot open file for writing: " + file); 75 } 76 77 write(os); 78 }
task2.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <limits> 3 #include <string> 4 #include "stumgr.hpp" 5 6 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; 7 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; 8 9 void menu() { 10 std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n" 11 "1. 加载文件\n" 12 "2. 排序\n" 13 "3. 打印到屏幕\n" 14 "4. 保存到文件\n" 15 "5. 退出\n" 16 "请选择:"; 17 } 18 19 void app() { 20 StuMgr mgr; 21 22 while(true) { 23 menu(); 24 int choice; 25 std::cin >> choice; 26 27 try { 28 switch (choice) { 29 case 1: mgr.load(in_file); 30 std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break; 31 case 2: mgr.sort(); 32 std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break; 33 case 3: mgr.print(); 34 std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break; 35 case 4: mgr.save(out_file); 36 std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break; 37 case 5: return; 38 default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n"; 39 } 40 } 41 catch (const std::exception& e) { 42 std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n'; 43 } 44 } 45 } 46 47 int main() { 48 app(); 49 }
运行结果截图:



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