PXE自动化安装centos6和centos7
PXE（Preboot Excution Environment）： 预启动执行环境，Intel公司研发，基于Client/Server的网络模式，支持远程主机通过网络从远端服务器下载映像，并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统。 PXE可以引导和安装Windows,linux等多种操作系统
PXE工作原理：
客户端向PXE服务器上的dhcp服务发送IP地址请求消息，dhcp服务检测客户端请求是否合法，主要是检测客户机的网卡MAC地址，如果合法则分配给客户端IP地址，同时将启动文件名pxelinux.0和启动文件位置信息一并传送给客户端。
客户端向PXE 服务器上的tftp服务发送获取启动文件pxelinux.0请求消息，tftp服务在接收到消息之后向客户端发送pxelinux.0大小信息，询问客户端是否同意使用，当tftp服务收到客户端发回的同意使用信息之后，正式向客户端发送pxelinux.0文件。
客户端执行接收到的pxelinux.0文件。
客户端向tftp服务器发送针对本机的配置信息文件（在tftp 服务器的pxelinux.cfg目录下），tftp服务器将配置文件发回客户端，继而客户端根据配置文件执行后续操作。
客户端向tftp服务器发送Linux内核请求信息，tftp服务器在接收到消息之后将内核文件发送给客户端
客户端向tftp服务器发送根文件请求信息，tftp服务器接收到消息之后返回Linux根文件系统给客户端。
客户端启动Linux内核，下载安装源文件，读取自动化安装脚本
环境准备：
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl stop iptables
systemctl disable iptables
关闭selinux
setenforce 0
vim /etc/selinux/config修改SELINUX=disabled
设置静态IP
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
1 TYPE=Ethernet
2 BOOTPROTO=static #网络协议
3 NAME=ens33
4 UUID=c7c0aaf8-2a87-4217-819b-fdbc1d08a7e8
5 DEVICE=ens33
6 ONBOOT=yes #开机启动
7 DNS1=114.114.114.114
8 DNS2=8.8.8.8
9 IPADDR=192.168.121.10
10 NETMASK=255.255.255.0
11 GATEWAY=192.168.121.2
安装相关软件包
yum install -y dhcp tftp-server httpd syslinux
启动httpd服务
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
cp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp.bak
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
1 service tftp
2 {
3 socket_type = dgram
4 protocol = udp
5 wait = yes
6 user = root
7 server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
8 server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
9 disable = no
10 per_source = 11
11 cps = 100 2
12 flags = IPv4
13 }
启动tftpd服务
systemctl enable tftp.socket
systemctl start tftp.socket
cp -f /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.bak
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
1 ddns-update-style interim;
2 ignore client-updates;
3 subnet 192.168.121.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
4
5 option routers 192.168.121.2;
6 option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
7
8 filename "pxelinux.0";
9 next-server 192.168.121.10;
10 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.121.11 192.168.121.100;
11 default-lease-time 21600;
12 max-lease-time 43200;
13 }
启动dcpd服务
systemctl enable dhcpd
systemctl start dhcpd
制作centos7和centos6的安装源文件
mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}
mkdir -pv /media/cdrom{6,7}
mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom6/
cp /media/cdrom6 /* /var/www/html/centos/6/ -r
mount /dev/sr1 /media/cdrom7/
cp /media/cdrom7/* /var/www/html/centos/7/ -r
制作centos6和centos7的kickstart文件
修改anaconda.cfg文件,此文件会在每次装完系统后生成于/root/目录下.
使用system-config-kickstart命令生成（需要安装X Windows 和Desktop）
yum groupinstall "X Window System"
yum groupinstall Desktop
mkdir /var/www/html/ksdir/
vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7-1.cfg
1 #version=DEVEL
2 # System authorization information
3 auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
4 # Use CDROM installation media
5 url --url=http://192.168.121.10/centos/7
6 # Use graphical install
7 graphical
8 # Run the Setup Agent on first boot
9 firstboot --enable
10 ignoredisk --only-use=sda
11 # Keyboard layouts
12 keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
13 # System language
14 lang en_US.UTF-8
15
16 # Network information
17 network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --activate
18 network --hostname=localhost.localdomain
19
20 # Root password
21 rootpw --iscrypted $6$SNhR8RU2Euwg1ydI$gPITLqKSRMfm11hIyaIqPbmRo579k7hhpsOp4cQRhBO/dEH8vWt2b4upxYiQEXKzgzS55FccpqcWiz/7/LL4w.
22 # System timezone
23 timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --ntpservers=0.centos.pool.ntp.org
24 # System bootloader configuration
25 bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
26 # Partition clearing information
27 zerombr
28 clearpart --all
29 reboot
30 # Disk partitioning information
31 part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=200
32 part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
33 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --grow --size=1
34
35
36 %packages
37 @^minimal
38 @core
39 kexec-tools
40
41 %end
42
43 %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
44
45 %end
46
47 %anaconda
48 pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
49 pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
50 pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
51 %end
52
53 %post
54 systemctl restart network.service
55 yum install vim wget net-tools xorg-x11-xauth screen -y
56 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
57 rm -rf *
58 wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
59 systemctl disable firewalld.service
60 cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
61 sed -i 's/dhcp/static/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
62 echo 'IPADDR=192.168.121.121'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
63 echo 'NETMASK=255.255.255.0'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
64 echo 'GATEWAY=192.168.121.2'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
65 echo 'DNS1=114.114.114.114' >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
66 sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
67 %end
vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks6-1.cfg
1 #version=DEVEL
2 install
3 url --url=http://192.168.121.10/centos/6
4 lang en_US.UTF-8
5 keyboard us
6 network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6
7 rootpw --iscrypted $6$55ArpbZ9EoUhTKt5$pYnhDc2zbpdOt1aR4rIf7keHxy0aZ7hi/C.1XmLV5IOpYgkv5zTC61trhk3oDfDocracX6CtpBx2kZ7frHvP0.
8 firewall --service=ssh
9 authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
10 selinux --enforcing
11 timezone Asia/Shanghai
12 bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
13 # The following is the partition information you requested
14 # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
15 # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
16 # not guaranteed to work
17 zerombr
18 clearpart --all
19 reboot
20 part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200
21 part swap --size=2000
22 part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200
23
24 #repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=cdrom:sr0 --cost=100
25
26 %packages
27 @core
28 %end
29
30 %post
31 service network restart
32 yum install vim wget net-tools -y
33 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
34 rm -rf *
35 wget -c http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
36 chkconfig iptables off
37 cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
38 sed -i 's/dhcp/static/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
39 echo 'IPADDR=192.168.121.121'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
40 echo 'NETMASK=255.255.255.0'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
41 echo 'GATEWAY=192.168.121.2'>> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
42 echo 'DNS1=114.114.114.114' >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
43 sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
44 %end
检验ks文件
yum install system-config-kickstart -y
ksvalidator /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7-1.cfg
ksvalidator /var/www/html/ksdir/ks6-1.cfg
制作PXE相关文件
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7}
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,menu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7
cp /var/www/html/centos/6/isolinux/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6
cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── centos6
│ ├── initrd.img
│ └── vmlinuz
├── centos7
│ ├── initrd.img #伪文件系统文件
│ └── vmlinuz #内核文件
├── menu.c32 #纯文本菜单
├── pxelinux.0 #引导文件，相当于grub。
└── pxelinux.cfg
└── default #启动菜单文件
制作启动菜单
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
1 default menu.c32
2 timeout 600
3 menu title CentOS Linux PXE Install
4
5 label centos7 #自动安装centos7
6 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^7
7 menu default #默认启动项
8 kernel centos7/vmlinuz
9 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.121.10/ksdir/ks7-1.cfg #应答文件所在路径
10
11 label centos6 #自动安装centos6
12 menu label Auto Install CentOS Linux ^6
13 kernel centos6/vmlinuz
14 append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.121.10/ksdir/ks6-1.cfg
15
16 label manual7 #手动安装centos7
17 menu label ^Manual Install CentOS Linux 7
18 kernel centos7/vmlinuz
19 append initrd=centos7/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.121.10/centos/7
20
21 label manual6 #手动安装centos6
22 menu label Manual ^Install CentOS Linux 6
23 kernel centos6/vmlinuz
24 append initrd=centos6/initrd.img inst.repo=http://192.168.121.10/centos/6
25
26 label local #本地硬盘启动
27 menu label Boot from ^local drive
28 localboot 0xffff
29 menu end
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