排序

1.冒泡排序
def bubble_sort(alist):
    for j in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
        # j表示每次遍历需要比较的次数，是逐渐减小的
        for i in range(j):
            if alist[i] > alist[i+1]:
                alist[i], alist[i+1] = alist[i+1], alist[i]

li = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
bubble_sort(li)
print(li)

2.选择排序
def selection_sort(alist):    n = len(alist)    # 需要进行n-1次选择操作

    for i in range(n-1):
        # 记录最小位置
        min_index = i
        # 从i+1位置到末尾选择出最小数据
        for j in range(i+1, n):
            if alist[j] < alist[min_index]:
                min_index = j
        # 如果选择出的数据不在正确位置，进行交换
        if min_index != i:
            alist[i], alist[min_index] = alist[min_index], alist[i]

alist = [54,226,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selection_sort(alist)
print(alist)
3.插入排序
def insert_sort(alist):

    # 从第二个位置，即下标为1的元素开始向前插入
  for i in range(1, len(alist)):
        # 从第i个元素开始向前比较，如果小于前一个元素，交换位置
      for j in range(i, 0, -1):
          if alist[j] < alist[j-1]:
              alist[j], alist[j-1] = alist[j-1], alist[j]
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insert_sort(alist)
print(alist)

4.快速排序
def quick_sort(alist, start, end):

    """快速排序"""

    # 递归的退出条件
    if start >= end:
        return

    # 设定起始元素为要寻找位置的基准元素
    mid = alist[start]

    # low为序列左边的由左向右移动的游标
    low = start

    # high为序列右边的由右向左移动的游标
    high = end

    while low < high:
        # 如果low与high未重合，high指向的元素不比基准元素小，则high向左移动
        while low < high and alist[high] >= mid:
            high -= 1
        # 将high指向的元素放到low的位置上
        alist[low] = alist[high]

        # 如果low与high未重合，low指向的元素比基准元素小，则low向右移动
        while low < high and alist[low] < mid:
            low += 1
        # 将low指向的元素放到high的位置上
        alist[high] = alist[low]

    # 退出循环后，low与high重合，此时所指位置为基准元素的正确位置
    # 将基准元素放到该位置
    alist[low] = mid

    # 对基准元素左边的子序列进行快速排序
    quick_sort(alist, start, low-1)

    # 对基准元素右边的子序列进行快速排序
    quick_sort(alist, low+1, end)


alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
quick_sort(alist,0,len(alist)-1)
print(alist)
5.希尔排序
def shell_sort(alist):

    n = len(alist)
    # 初始步长
    gap = n / 2
    while gap > 0:
        # 按步长进行插入排序
        for i in range(gap, n):
            j = i
            # 插入排序
            while j>=gap and alist[j-gap] > alist[j]:
                alist[j-gap], alist[j] = alist[j], alist[j-gap]
                j -= gap
        # 得到新的步长
        gap = gap / 2

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
shell_sort(alist)
print(alist)
6.归并排序
def merge_sort(alist):

    if len(alist) <= 1:
        return alist
    # 二分分解
    num = len(alist)/2
    left = merge_sort(alist[:num])
    right = merge_sort(alist[num:])
    # 合并
    return merge(left,right)

def merge(left, right):
    '''合并操作，将两个有序数组left[]和right[]合并成一个大的有序数组'''
    #left与right的下标指针
    l, r = 0, 0
    result = []
    while l<len(left) and r<len(right):
        if left[l] <= right[r]:
            result.append(left[l])
            l += 1
        else:
            result.append(right[r])
            r += 1
    result += left[l:]
    result += right[r:]
    return result

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
sorted_alist = mergeSort(alist)
print(sorted_alist)