Java注解简介

Java注解(Annotation)

   Java注解是附加在代码中的一些元信息,用于一些工具在编译、

   运行时进行解析和使用,起到说明、配置的功能。 

   注解相关类都包含在java.lang.annotation包中。

 

JDK基本注解

@Override   重写

@Deprecated  已过时

@SuppressWarnings  压制编辑器警告

 

Java元注解   作用:元注解用于修饰其他的注解

@Retention:定义注解的保留策略

      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)             //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)              //默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
      @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)            //注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

@Target:指定被修饰的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修饰的目标)

      @Target(ElementType.TYPE)                      //接口、类
      @Target(ElementType.FIELD)                     //属性
      @Target(ElementType.METHOD)                    //方法
      @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)                 //方法参数
      @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)               //构造函数
      @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)            //局部变量
      @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)           //注解
      @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)                   //

 注:可以指定多个位置,例如:

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),也就是此注解可以在方法和类上面使用

 

@Inherited:指定被修饰的Annotation将具有继承性

 

@Documented:指定被修饰的该Annotation可以被javadoc工具提取成文档.

自定义注解

案例一:获取类与方法上的注解值

 

package com.cjh.annotation.p1;


public enum  TranscationModel {
    Read, Write, ReadWrite
}

 

 package com.cjh.annotation.p1;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 *
 * MyAnnotation1注解可以用在类、接口、属性、方法上
 * 注解运行期也保留
 * 不可继承
 */
//能够被接口、类、属性、方法调用
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
    String name();
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p1;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 *
 *  MyAnnotation2注解可以用在方法上
 *  注解运行期也保留
 *  不可继承
 */
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
    TranscationModel model() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p1;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 *
 * MyAnnotation3注解可以用在方法上
 * 注解运行期也保留
 * 可继承
 */
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
    TranscationModel[] models() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p1;

/**
 *
 * 获取类与方法上的注解值
 */
@MyAnnotation1(name = "abc")
public class Demo1 {

    @MyAnnotation1(name = "xyz")
    private Integer age;

    @MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
    public void list() {
        System.out.println("list");
    }

    @MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
    public void edit() {
        System.out.println("edit");
    }
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p1;

import org.junit.Test;


public class Demo1Test {
    @Test
    public void list() throws Exception {
//        获取类上的注解
        MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
        System.out.println(annotation1.name());//abc

//        获取方法上的注解
        MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
        System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());//Read


    }

    @Test
    public void edit() throws Exception {
        MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 = Demo1.class.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.class);
        for (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
            System.out.println(model);//Read,Write
        }
    }
}

案例二:获取类属性上的注解属性值

package com.cjh.annotation.p2;

/**
 *
 * 获取类属性上的注解属性值
 */
public class Demo2 {
    @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值_msg1", what = "这就是what对应的值_msg1")
    private static String msg1;

    @TestAnnotation("这就是value对应的值1")
    private static String msg2;

    @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值2")
    private static String msg3;

    @TestAnnotation(what = "这就是what对应的值")
    private static String msg4;
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p2;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

//@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface TestAnnotation {
    String value() default "默认value值";

    String what() default "这里是默认的what属性对应的值";
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p2;

import org.junit.Test;

public class Demo2Test {
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {
        TestAnnotation msg1 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg1.value());
        System.out.println(msg1.what());
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception{
        TestAnnotation msg2 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg2.value());
        System.out.println(msg2.what());
    }

    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception{
        TestAnnotation msg3 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg3.value());
        System.out.println(msg3.what());
    }

    @Test
    public void test4() throws Exception{
        TestAnnotation msg4 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
        System.out.println(msg4.value());
        System.out.println(msg4.what());
    }
}

案例三:获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值

package com.cjh.annotation.p3;

/**
 *
 * 获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值
 */
public class Demo3 {

    public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true) String name,String pwd ,Integer a) {
        System.out.println("hello:" + name);
    }

    public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
        System.out.println("hello:" + name);
    }
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p3;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 *
 * 非空注解:使用在方法的参数上,false表示此参数可以为空,true不能为空
 */
@Documented
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface IsNotNull {
    boolean value() default false;
}
package com.cjh.annotation.p3;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;

/**
 */
public class Demo3Test {

    @Test
    public void hello1() throws Exception {
        Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
        for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class ,String.class ,Integer .class).getParameters()) {
            IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
            if(annotation != null){
                System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void hello2() throws Exception {
        Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
        for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.class).getParameters()) {
            IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
            if(annotation != null){
                System.out.println(annotation.value());//false
            }
        }
    }
}

Aop自定义注解的应用

package com.cjh.annotation.Case;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 */
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyLog {
    String desc();
}
package com.cjh.annotation.Case;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class LogController {

    @MyLog(desc = "这是结合spring aop知识,讲解自定义注解应用的一个案例")
    public void testLogAspect(){
        System.out.println("这里随便来点啥");
    }
}
package com.cjh;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * @author
 * @site
 * @company
 * @create 2019-09-24 11:48
 *
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})

public class SpringBaseTest {


}
package com.cjh.aspect;

import com.cjh.annotation.Case.MyLog;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
@Aspect
public class MyLogAspect {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);

    /**
     * 只要用到了com.javaxl.p2.annotation.springAop.MyLog这个注解的,就是目标类
     */
    @Pointcut("@annotation(com.cjh.annotation.Case.MyLog)")
    private void MyValid() {
    }

    @Before("MyValid()")
    public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
        logger.debug("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");

        MyLog myLog = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.class);
        logger.debug("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:"+myLog.desc());
    }
}
package com.cjh.controller;

import com.cjh.SpringBaseTest;
import com.cjh.annotation.Case.LogController;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


public class LogControllerTest extends SpringBaseTest {
    @Autowired
    private LogController logController;

    @Test
    public void testLogAspect(){
        logController.testLogAspect();
    }
}

 

 

 

 

posted @ 2019-11-06 19:27  chenjiahao  阅读(201)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报