MySQL用户中的%到底包不包括localhost?

MySQL用户中的%到底包不包括localhost?

weixin_33885253 2018-12-19 05:59:34  342  收藏

 

版权

1 前言

操作MySQL的时候发现，有时只建了%的账号，可以通过localhost连接，有时候却不可以，网上搜索也找不到满意的答案，干脆手动测试一波

2 两种连接方法

这里说的两种连接方法指是执行mysql命令时，-h参数填的是localhost还是IP, 两种连接方式的区别如下

-h 参数为 localhost

当-h参数为localhost的时候，实际上是使用socket连接的（默认连接方式）, 实例如下

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
4.  
    
5.  
   mysql> status
6.  
   /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
7.  
    
8.  
   Connection id: 9
9.  
   Current database:
10.  
    Current user: test_user@localhost
11.  
    SSL: Not in use
12.  
    Current pager: stdout
13.  
    Using outfile: ''
14.  
    Using delimiter: ;
15.  
    Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
16.  
    Protocol version: 10
17.  
    Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket

从Current user可以看到用户是xx@localhost, 连接方式为Localhost via UNIX socket

-h 参数为 IP

当-h参数为IP的时候，实际上是使用TCP连接的, 实例如下

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
4.  
    
5.  
   mysql> status
6.  
   --------------
7.  
   /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
8.  
    
9.  
   Connection id: 11
10.  
    Current database:
11.  
    Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
12.  
    SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
13.  
    Current pager: stdout
14.  
    Using outfile: ''
15.  
    Using delimiter: ;
16.  
    Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
17.  
    Protocol version: 10
18.  
    Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
19.  
    Server characterset: utf8

从Current user可以看到用户是xx@127.0.0.1, 连接方式为TCP/IP

3 不同版本的差别

测试方法就是看能不能连接，如果不想看测试过程可以拉到最后看结论

3.1 MySQL 8.0

创建用户

1.  
   mysql> select version();
2.  
   +-----------+
3.  
   | version() |
4.  
   +-----------+
5.  
   | 8.0.11 |
6.  
   +-----------+
7.  
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.  
    
9.  
   mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
10.  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

使用 localhost 登录

1.  
   [root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
4.  
   Your MySQL connection id is 9
5.  
   Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
6.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
7.  
    
8.  
   mysql> status
9.  
   --------------
10.  
    /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
11.  
     
12.  
    Connection id: 9
13.  
    Current database:
14.  
    Current user: test_user@localhost
15.  
    SSL: Not in use
16.  
    Current pager: stdout
17.  
    Using outfile: ''
18.  
    Using delimiter: ;
19.  
    Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
20.  
    Protocol version: 10
21.  
    Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
22.  
    ...

使用 IP 登录

1.  
   [root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
4.  
   Your MySQL connection id is 8
5.  
   Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
6.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
7.  
    
8.  
   mysql> status
9.  
   --------------
10.  
    /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
11.  
     
12.  
    Connection id: 8
13.  
    Current database:
14.  
    Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
15.  
    SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
16.  
    Current pager: stdout
17.  
    Using outfile: ''
18.  
    Using delimiter: ;
19.  
    Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
20.  
    Protocol version: 10
21.  
    Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

结果显示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

3.2 MySQL 5.7

创建 % 用户

1.  
   db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
2.  
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用 localhost 登录

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
2.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
3.  
    
4.  
   mysql> status
5.  
   /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
6.  
    
7.  
   Connection id: 9
8.  
   Current database:
9.  
   Current user: test_user@localhost
10.  
    SSL: Not in use
11.  
    Current pager: stdout
12.  
    Using outfile: ''
13.  
    Using delimiter: ;
14.  
    Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
15.  
    Protocol version: 10
16.  
    Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
17.  
    ....

使用 IP 登录

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
4.  
    
5.  
   mysql> status
6.  
   --------------
7.  
   /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
8.  
    
9.  
   Connection id: 11
10.  
    Current database:
11.  
    Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
12.  
    SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
13.  
    Current pager: stdout
14.  
    Using outfile: ''
15.  
    Using delimiter: ;
16.  
    Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
17.  
    Protocol version: 10
18.  
    Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
19.  
    Server characterset: utf8
20.  
    ...

结果显示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

3.3 MySQL 5.6

创建用户

1.  
   db83-3306>>select version();
2.  
   +------------+
3.  
   | version() |
4.  
   +------------+
5.  
   | 5.6.10-log |
6.  
   +------------+
7.  
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.  
    
9.  
   db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
10.  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用 localhost 登录

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

使用 IP 登录

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
4.  
   Your MySQL connection id is 3
5.  
   Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
6.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
7.  
    
8.  
   mysql> status
9.  
   --------------
10.  
    /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
11.  
     
12.  
    Connection id: 3
13.  
    Current database:
14.  
    Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
15.  
    SSL: Not in use
16.  
    Current pager: stdout
17.  
    Using outfile: ''
18.  
    Using delimiter: ;
19.  
    Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
20.  
    Protocol version: 10
21.  
    Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
22.  
    ......
23.  
    --------------

结果显示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost

3.4 MySQL 5.1

创建用户

1.  
   mysql> select version();
2.  
   +-----------+
3.  
   | version() |
4.  
   +-----------+
5.  
   | 5.1.73 |
6.  
   +-----------+
7.  
   1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.  
    
9.  
   mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
10.  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用 localhost 登录

1.  
   [root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

使用 IP 登录

1.  
   [root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
4.  
   Your MySQL connection id is 4901339
5.  
   Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
6.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
7.  
    
8.  
   mysql> status
9.  
   --------------
10.  
    mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
11.  
     
12.  
    Connection id: 4901339
13.  
    Current database:
14.  
    Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
15.  
    SSL: Not in use
16.  
    Current pager: stdout
17.  
    Using outfile: ''
18.  
    Using delimiter: ;
19.  
    Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
20.  
    Protocol version: 10
21.  
    Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

结果显示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost

3.5 MariaDB 10.3

创建用户

1.  
   db83-3306>>select version();
2.  
   +---------------------+
3.  
   | version() |
4.  
   +---------------------+
5.  
   | 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |
6.  
   +---------------------+
7.  
   1 row in set (0.000 sec)
8.  
    
9.  
   db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
10.  
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

使用 localhost 登录

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

使用 IP 登录

1.  
   [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
2.  
   Enter password:
3.  
   Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
4.  
   Your MariaDB connection id is 12
5.  
   Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
6.  
   ========= 省略 ===========
7.  
    
8.  
   MariaDB [(none)]> status
9.  
   --------------
10.  
    /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
11.  
     
12.  
    Connection id: 12
13.  
    Current database:
14.  
    Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
15.  
    SSL: Not in use
16.  
    Current pager: stdout
17.  
    Using outfile: ''
18.  
    Using delimiter: ;
19.  
    Server: MariaDB
20.  
    Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
21.  
    Protocol version: 10
22.  
    Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

结果显示MariaDB 10.3的%不包括localhost

4 结论

版本	用户中的%是否包括localhost
MySQL8.0	包括
MySQL5.7	包括
MySQL5.6	不包括
MySQL5.1	不包括
MariaDB 10.3	不包括