nextTick的说法

简单来说,Vue 在修改数据后,视图不会立刻更新,而是等同一事件循环中的所有数据变化完成之后,再统一进行视图更新。

//改变数据
vm.message = 'changed'

//想要立即使用更新后的DOM。这样不行,因为设置message后DOM还没有更新
console.log(vm.$el.textContent) // 并不会得到'changed'

//这样可以,nextTick里面的代码会在DOM更新后执行
Vue.nextTick(function(){
    console.log(vm.$el.textContent) //可以得到'changed'
})

需要注意的是,在 created 和 mounted 阶段,如果需要操作渲染后的试图,也要使用 nextTick 方法。

官方文档说明:

 注意 mounted 不会承诺所有的子组件也都一起被挂载。如果你希望等到整个视图都渲染完毕,可以用 vm.$nextTick 替换掉 mounted

mounted: function () {
  this.$nextTick(function () {
    // Code that will run only after the
    // entire view has been rendered
  })
}

其他应用场景如下三例:

例子1:

点击按钮显示原本以 v-show = false 隐藏起来的输入框,并获取焦点。

showsou(){
  this.showit = true //修改 v-show
  document.getElementById("keywords").focus()  //在第一个 tick 里,获取不到输入框,自然也获取不到焦点
}

修改为:

showsou(){
  this.showit = true
  this.$nextTick(function () {
    // DOM 更新了
    document.getElementById("keywords").focus()
  })
}

例子2:

点击获取元素宽度。

<div id="app">
    <p ref="myWidth" v-if="showMe">{{ message }}</p>
    <button @click="getMyWidth">获取p元素宽度</button>
</div>

getMyWidth() {
    this.showMe = true;
    //this.message = this.$refs.myWidth.offsetWidth;
    //报错 TypeError: this.$refs.myWidth is undefined
    this.$nextTick(()=>{
        //dom元素更新后执行,此时能拿到p元素的属性
        this.message = this.$refs.myWidth.offsetWidth;
  })
}
<template>
    <div>
        <ul>
            <li class="example" v-for="item in list1">{{item}}</li>
        </ul>
        <ul>
            <li class="example" v-for="item in list2">{{item}}</li>
        </ul>
        <ol>
            <li class="example" v-for="item in list3">{{item}}</li>
        </ol>
        <ol>
            <li class="example" v-for="item in list4">{{item}}</li>
        </ol>
        <ol>
            <li class="example" v-for="item in list5">{{item}}</li>
        </ol>
    </div>
</template>
<script type="text/javascript">
export default {
    data() {
        return {
            list1: [],
            list2: [],
            list3: [],
            list4: [],
            list5: []
        }
    },
    created() {
        this.composeList12()
        this.composeList34()
        this.composeList5()
        this.$nextTick(function() {
            // DOM 更新了
            console.log('finished test ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)
        })
    },
    methods: {
        composeList12() {
            let me = this
            let count = 10000

            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                this.$set(me.list1, i, 'I am a 测试信息~~啦啦啦' + i)
            }
            console.log('finished list1 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)

            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                this.$set(me.list2, i, 'I am a 测试信息~~啦啦啦' + i)
            }
            console.log('finished list2 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)

            this.$nextTick(function() {
                // DOM 更新了
                console.log('finished tick1&2 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)
            })
        },
        composeList34() {
            let me = this
            let count = 10000

            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                this.$set(me.list3, i, 'I am a 测试信息~~啦啦啦' + i)
            }
            console.log('finished list3 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)

            this.$nextTick(function() {
                // DOM 更新了
                console.log('finished tick3 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)
            })

            setTimeout(me.setTimeout1, 0)
        },
        setTimeout1() {
            let me = this
            let count = 10000

            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                this.$set(me.list4, i, 'I am a 测试信息~~啦啦啦' + i)
            }
            console.log('finished list4 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)

            me.$nextTick(function() {
                // DOM 更新了
                console.log('finished tick4 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)
            })
        },
        composeList5() {
            let me = this
            let count = 10000

            this.$nextTick(function() {
                // DOM 更新了
                console.log('finished tick5-1 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)
            })

            setTimeout(me.setTimeout2, 0)
        },
        setTimeout2() {
            let me = this
            let count = 10000

            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                this.$set(me.list5, i, 'I am a 测试信息~~啦啦啦' + i)
            }
            console.log('finished list5 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)

            me.$nextTick(function() {
                // DOM 更新了
                console.log('finished tick5 ' + new Date().toString(),document.querySelectorAll('.example').length)
            })
        }
    }
}
</script>
View Code

 

 

 

先来一个示例了解下关于Vue中的DOM更新以及nextTick的作用。

模板

<div class="app">
  <div ref="msgDiv">{{msg}}</div>
  <div v-if="msg1">Message got outside $nextTick: {{msg1}}</div>
  <div v-if="msg2">Message got inside $nextTick: {{msg2}}</div>
  <div v-if="msg3">Message got outside $nextTick: {{msg3}}</div>
  <button @click="changeMsg">
    Change the Message
  </button>
</div>

Vue实例

new Vue({
  el: '.app',
  data: {
    msg: 'Hello Vue.',
    msg1: '',
    msg2: '',
    msg3: ''
  },
  methods: {
    changeMsg() {
      this.msg = "Hello world."
      this.msg1 = this.$refs.msgDiv.innerHTML
      this.$nextTick(() => {
        this.msg2 = this.$refs.msgDiv.innerHTML
      })
      this.msg3 = this.$refs.msgDiv.innerHTML
    }
  }
})

点击前

 
 

 

点击后

 
 

 

从图中可以得知:msg1和msg3显示的内容还是变换之前的,而msg2显示的内容是变换之后的。其根本原因是因为Vue中DOM更新是异步的(详细解释在后面)。



作者:Ruheng
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/a7550c0e164f
来源:简书
简书著作权归作者所有,任何形式的转载都请联系作者获得授权并注明出处。
posted @ 2019-07-27 17:28  chenguiya  阅读(175)  评论(0)    收藏  举报