B站自动爬取器并制作词云

效果

词云展示

弹幕展示

爬取弹幕过程

基本步骤
1.寻找视频url
2.构造请求头
3.寻找弹幕地址
4.根据弹幕地址运用正则或xpath爬取

寻找B站视频的url

制作请求头

  headers = {"User-Agent": "浏览器中的User-Agent"}

弹幕地址

1.代码通过这位博主改进的（https://www.cnblogs.com/wuren-best/p/12566297.html）
2.由于B站弹幕地址改变变得越来越难寻找到 但通过原来的弹幕地址改变下oid还是可以爬取到的

运用xpath爬取弹幕

弹幕包含在xml中的中，运用xpath取出即可

html = etree.HTML(response.content)
word_list = html.xpath("//d/text()")

词云制作

  fp = open("%s弹幕.text" % self.get_tile(), 'r', encoding='utf-8')
  text = fp.read()
  # 字体为.TTF格式的
  wd = WordCloud(background_color='white', width=300, height=316, margin=2,
                         font_path='钟齐段宁行书.TTF').generate(text)
  plt.figure(dpi=500)
  # 显示词云
  plt.imshow(wd)
  # 去除x，y 轴
  plt.axis('off')
  plt.show()
  # 保存词云
  wd.to_file("%s弹幕.jpg" % self.get_tile())

完整代码

  # coding=utf-8
  import requests
  from lxml import etree
  import re
  from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS, ImageColorGenerator
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


  class BiliSpider:
      def __init__(self, BV, oid):
          # 构造要爬取的视频url地址
          self.BVurlBV = BV
          self.BVurloid = oid
          self.BVurl = "https://m.bilibili.com/video/" + BV
          self.headers = {
              "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 8.0; Pixel 2 Build/OPD3.170816.012) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Mobile Safari/537.36"}

      # 弹幕都是在一个url请求中，该url请求在视频url的js脚本中构造
      def getXml_url(self):
          # 获取该视频网页的内容
          response = requests.get(self.BVurl, headers=self.headers)
          html_str = response.content.decode()
    
          # 使用正则找出该弹幕地址
          # 弹幕地址为https://comment.bilibili.com/oid.xml
          # 格式为：https://comment.bilibili.com/168087953.xml
          # 我们分隔出的是地址中的弹幕文件名，即 168087953
    
          getWord_url = self.BVurloid
    
          # 组装成要请求的xml地址
          xml_url = "https://comment.bilibili.com/{}.xml".format(getWord_url)
          return xml_url

      # Xpath不能解析指明编码格式的字符串，所以此处我们不解码，还是二进制文本
      def parse_url(self, url):
          response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
          # print(response.content)
          return response.content

      # 弹幕包含在xml中的<d></d>中，取出即可
      def get_word_list(self, str):
          html = etree.HTML(str)
          word_list = html.xpath("//d/text()")
          return word_list

      # 标题及up主名
      def get_tile(self):
          response = requests.get(self.BVurl, headers=self.headers)
          # print(response.text)
          html_str = response.content.decode()
          html = etree.HTML(html_str)
    
          up_name = html.xpath('//span/text()')[1]
          up_tile = html.xpath('//h1/text()')[0]
          tile = []
          for i in up_name, up_tile:
              tile.append(i)
          # print(up_name)
          # print(up_tile)
          # print(tile)
          return tile[0]+tile[1]

      # BV1ZV411a7vy 261482616
      # 保存弹幕为文本格式
      def save_file(self, data):
          """
          保存弹幕
          :param data: 弹幕信息
          :return:
          """
          with open("%s弹幕.text" % self.get_tile(), 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
              for line in data:
                  f.write(line)
                  f.write('\n')

      # 词云
      def wardcloud_(self):
          fp = open("%s弹幕.text" % self.get_tile(), 'r', encoding='utf-8')
          text = fp.read()
          wd = WordCloud(background_color='white', width=300, height=316, margin=2,
                   font_path='钟齐段宁行书.TTF').generate(text)
          plt.figure(dpi=500)
          # 显示词云
          plt.imshow(wd)
          # 去除x，y 轴
          plt.axis('off')
          plt.show()
          # 保存词云
          wd.to_file("%s弹幕.jpg" % self.get_tile())

      def run(self):

          # 1.根据BV号获取弹幕的地址
          start_url = self.getXml_url()
          # 2.请求并解析数据
          xml_str = self.parse_url(start_url)
          # print(start_url)
          word_list = self.get_word_list(xml_str)
          # 3.打印
          for word in word_list:
              print(word)
          # 4.保存
          self.save_file(word_list)
          # 5.词云
          self.wardcloud_()
      if __name__ == '__main__':
      BVName = input("请输入要爬取的视频的BV号:")
      oid = input("请输入要爬取的视频的oid（F12中找oid）号:")
      spider = BiliSpider(BVName, oid)
      spider.run()

注：BV号和oid