Unity 卡通渲染之角色篇

前言

作为新博客的第一篇，就用卡渲作为开篇叭!毕竟是个二次元乐。本篇同步发表于http://chenglixue.top/index.php/unity/73/

之前使用UE的后处理做过简单的卡渲，但因其灵活性很差，很多操作都需涉及到更改管线，且奈何本人在校用的笔记本，一次build就得好久，因此放弃对卡渲的深入。如今对URP基本的使用掌握的差不多，是时候深入研究卡渲了

本篇是卡渲篇的首篇，介绍角色的渲染方式，主要参考原神的方式。

开发环境

Unity 2021.3.32f1 下的URP
Win 10
JetBrains Rider 2023.2

材料准备

虽然模之屋提供了一些角色的模型和纹理，但很明显这其中缺少Light map和ramp Texture，怎么办呢？笔者这里通过b站up主白嫖的(不是)

本次使用的神里绫华花时来信的模型和纹理(神里大小姐她真的太优雅了！)，使用的纹理如下

部分Tex介绍

Light map
- R channel：高光类型的层级，根据阈值使用不同的高光类型
- G channel：Shadow AO Mask
- B channel：高光强度Mask
- A channel：Ramp的层级，根据阈值选择不同的Ramp

Diffuse

这一小节主要针对Diffuse部分

简单的Lambert

先热身，使用基础的half Lamber即可

实现

{
    Properties
    {
        [Header(Diffuse Setting)]
        _DiffuseMap("Diffuse Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
        _DiffuseTint("Diffuse Color Tint", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
    }
    
    SubShader
    {
        Tags
        {
            "Pipeline" = "UniversalPipeline"
            "RenderType" = "Opaque"
            "Queue" = "Geometry"
        }
        
        HLSLINCLUDE
        #include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"
        #include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Lighting.hlsl"
        #include "Assets/Shader/MyUtil/MyMath.hlsl"

        CBUFFER_START(UnityPerMaterial)
        float4 _DiffuseMap_ST;
        half4 _DiffuseTint;
        CBUFFER_END
        
        TEXTURE2D(_DiffuseMap);         SAMPLER(sampler_DiffuseMap);

        struct VSInput
        {
            float4 positionL : POSITION;
            float4 normalL : NORMAL;
            float4 tangentL : TANGENT;
            float4 color : COLOR0;
            float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
        };

        struct PSInput
        {
            float4 color : COLOR0;
            float4 positionH : SV_POSITION;
            float4 normalW : NORMAL;
            float4 tangentW : TANGENT;
            float4 bitTangentW : TEXCOORD0;
            float4 shadowUV : TEXCOORD1;
            float4 uv : TEXCOORD2;
            float3 viewDirW : TEXCOORD3;
        };

        PSInput ToonPassVS(VSInput vsInput)
        {
            PSInput vsOutput;

            vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);
            float3 positionW = TransformObjectToWorld(vsInput.positionL);
            vsOutput.normalW.xyz = TransformObjectToWorldNormal(vsInput.normalL);
            vsOutput.viewDirW = GetCameraPositionWS() - positionW;

            vsOutput.uv.xy = TRANSFORM_TEX(vsInput.uv, _DiffuseMap);

            return vsOutput;
        }

        half4 ToonPassPS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
        {
            half3 outputColor = 0.f;

            half4 diffuseTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_DiffuseMap, sampler_DiffuseMap, psInput.uv) * _DiffuseTint;

            float3 normalW = normalize(psInput.normalW);
            float3 viewDirW = normalize(psInput.viewDirW);
            Light mainLight = GetMainLight();
            float3 mainLightDirW = normalize(mainLight.direction);
            half3 mainLightColor = mainLight.color;

            float NoL = saturate(dot(normalW, mainLightDirW)) * 0.5 + 0.5;
                        
            half3 diffuse = diffuseTex.rgb * NoL * mainLightColor;

            outputColor += diffuse;
                        
            return half4(outputColor, diffuseTex.a);
        }
        
        ENDHLSL

// ------------------------------------------------------------- Toon Main Pass -------------------------------------------------------------
        Pass
        {
            NAME "Toon Main Pass"
            
            Tags
            {
                "LightMode" = "UniversalForward"
            }
            
            HLSLPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex ToonPassVS
            #pragma fragment ToonPassPS
            
            ENDHLSL
        }
    }
}

效果

Ramp

学过Ramp贴图的小伙伴，应该都知道在处理光照表现时，Ramp根据贴图的分层来控制光照的分层，如在原神中，Diffuse的暗部由Diffuse * RampTex，而亮部就为"Diffuse"，不过实际实现并没有这么简单。更多的，原神的Ramp Tex从上到下分为多层，以笔者手中的为例（像素为256 * 20，有些并不是这样），Ramp有20层，主要分为冷色调阴影和暖色调阴影，各占5 * 2，分别对应夜晚和白天

整体Ramp(这里拿到的冷色调和暖色调贴图上下颠倒了，因此笔者在PS进行了处理)。最右边有明显的分界，正是由此实现明暗分界

放大从左边看，从上到下，暖色调5 * 2，冷色调也是5 * 2
日夜判断：因为Ramp Tex分别对应白天和夜晚，所以这里可以增加一个昼夜判断的变量(根据光源方向的角度)
Lightmap.a：ramptexture 的分层(笔者的lightmap.a对应信息如下，可能不同的不一样)
- 0.0：hard/emission/specular/silk/hair
- 0.0 - 0.3：soft/common

0.3 - 0.5：metal
0.5 - 0.7：皮肤
1.0：布料

实现

[Header(Shadow Setting)]
[Space(3)]
_LightMap("LightMap", 2D) = "black" {}
_LightShadowColor("Light Shadow Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_DarkShadowColor("Dark Shadow Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
[Space(30)]

[Header(Shadow Ramp Setting)]
[Space(3)]
[Toggle(ENABLE_SHADOW_RAMP)]_EnableShadowRamp("Enable Shadow Ramp", Float) = 0
_RampMap("Ramp Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
_RampShadowRang("Ramp Shadow Range", Range(0, 1)) = 0.5	// 控制ramp明暗分布

half4 _LightShadowColor;
half4 _DarkShadowColor;

float4 _RampMap_ST;
float _RampShadowRang;
    
float DayOrLight;   // 根据角度判断夜晚还是白天

TEXTURE2D(_LightMap);           SAMPLER(sampler_LightMap);

half4 ToonPassPS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    //...
    half4 lightMapTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_LightMap, sampler_LightMap, psInput.uv.xy);
    
    DayOrLight = dot(float3(0, 1, 0), -mainLightDirW);
    
    #if ENABLE_SHADOW_RAMP
    // 防止采样边缘时出现黑线
    float rampU = NoL * (1 / _RampShadowRang - 0.003);
    float rampVOffset = DayOrLight > 1/2 && DayOrLight < 1 ? 0.5 : 0.f;   // 白天采样上面，夜晚采样下面

    // 从上向下采样
    half3 shadowRamp1 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_RampMap, sampler_RampMap, float2(rampU, 0.45 + rampVOffset));
    half3 shadowRamp2 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_RampMap, sampler_RampMap, float2(rampU, 0.35 + rampVOffset));
    half3 shadowRamp3 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_RampMap, sampler_RampMap, float2(rampU, 0.25 + rampVOffset));
    half3 shadowRamp4 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_RampMap, sampler_RampMap, float2(rampU, 0.15 + rampVOffset));
    half3 shadowRamp5 = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_RampMap, sampler_RampMap, float2(rampU, 0.05 + rampVOffset));

    /*
	0.0：hard/emission/silk/hair
	0.0 - 0.3：soft/common
	0.3 - 0.5：metal
	0.5 - 0.7：皮肤
	1.0：布料
	*/
    half3 frabicRamp = shadowRamp1 * step(abs(lightMapTex.a - 1.f), 0.05);
    half3 skinRamp = shadowRamp2 * step(abs(lightMapTex.a - 0.7f), 0.05);
    half3 metalRamp = shadowRamp3 * step(abs(lightMapTex.a - 0.5f), 0.05);
    half3 softRamp = shadowRamp4 * step(abs(lightMapTex.a - 0.3f), 0.05);
    half3 hardRamp = shadowRamp5 * step(abs(lightMapTex.a - 0.0f), 0.05);

    half3 finalRamp = frabicRamp + skinRamp + metalRamp + softRamp + hardRamp;
    #endif

    return half4(finalRamp, 1.f);
}

效果
判断分离明暗

shadow具体的占比知道了，现在需要求哪一部分是明，哪一部分是暗。很容易想到利用half lambert(代码中的NoL)，但问题是和谁比较呢？在上面，笔者用"_RampShadowRang"来控制ramp的明暗分布，而half lambert也同样控制着明暗分布，因此可以通过比较_RampShadowRang和half lambert来判断明暗

实现

// 判断明暗
half rampValue = 0.f;

rampValue = step(_RampShadowRang, NoL);
half3 rampShadowColor = lerp(finalRamp * diffuseTex.rgb, diffuseTex.rgb, rampValue);

效果

很明显的阴暗交界

Specular

纹理分析

高光分层

先来看看lightmap.r也就是specular阈值情况（这里为了数值更精确，乘上了255）
- 200 - 260
- 150 - 200
- 100 - 150
- 50-100
- 0-50
不难看出，在50-100 和 100-150有不少重复部分，这两部分个人更趋向于合并一起处理，否则高光可能会忽明忽暗

思路

为了后续方便改动美术效果，这里最好是将这些不同层级的材质分开实现对应的高光，尤其是头发和金属高光很重要，分层实现是十分有必要的
为了控制高光表现，会大量使用控制高光范围的变量_SpecularRangeLayer和高光强度_SpecularIntensityLayer

实现

前两层

为了二分色阶，需要对NoH使用step()来分离明部和暗部

_SpecularRangeLayer("Specular Layer Range", Vector) = (1, 1, 1, 1)  // 用于分离高光的明部和暗部
_SpecularIntensityLayer("Specular Layer Intensity", Vector) = (1, 1, 1, 1)	// 每层的高光强度

// 是否启用specular mask
[Toggle(ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK1)] _Enable_Specular_Intensity_Mask1("Enable Specular Intensity Mask 1", Int) = 1
[Toggle(ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK2)] _Enable_Specular_Intensity_Mask2("Enable Specular Intensity Mask 2", Int) = 1
[Toggle(ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK3)] _Enable_Specular_Intensity_Mask3("Enable Specular Intensity Mask 3", Int) = 1
[Toggle(ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK4)] _Enable_Specular_Intensity_Mask4("Enable Specular Intensity Mask 4", Int) = 1
[Toggle(ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK5)] _Enable_Specular_Intensity_Mask5("Enable Specular Intensity Mask 5", Int) = 1

#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK1
#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK2
#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK3
#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK4
#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK4
#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK5

// Specular
half3 stepSpecular1 = 0.f;
float specularLayer = lightMapTex.r * 255;  // 数值更精确
float stepSpecularMask = lightMapTex.b;
if(specularLayer > 0 && specularLayer < 50)
{
    stepSpecular1  = step(1 - _SpecularRangeLayer.x, NoH) * _SpecularIntensityLayer.x;
    #if defined ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK1
    stepSpecular1  *= stepSpecularMask;  // 根据效果决定是否启用specular mask
    #endif
    stepSpecular1 *= diffuseTex.rgb;
}

if(specularLayer > 50 && specularLayer < 150)
{
    stepSpecular1 = step(1 - _SpecularRangeLayer.y, NoH) * _SpecularIntensityLayer.y;
    #if defined ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK2
    stepSpecular1 *= stepSpecularMask;
    #endif
    stepSpecular1 *= diffuseTex.rgb;
}

金属层

金属层需要配合金属光泽贴图，也就是Matcap。为了达到金属高光随相机视角变化而变化的效果，需要将normal变换至view space，并用该空间下的坐标采样metal texture

_MetalMap("Metal Map", 2D) = "black" {}
_MetalMapV("Metal Map V", Range(0, 1)) = 1
_MetalMapIntensity("Metal Map Intensity", Range(0, 1)) = 1
_SpecularIntensityMetal("Specular Layer Metal", Float) = 1
_ShinnessMetal("Specular Metal Shinness", Range(5, 30)) = 5

float _MetalMapV;
float _MetalMapIntensity;
float _ShinnessMetal;
float _SpecularIntensityMetal;

half3 specular = 0.f;
// 采样金属光泽
half4 metalTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MetalMap, sampler_MetalMap, mul(UNITY_MATRIX_V, normalW).xy).r;  // 金属高光始终随相机移动
metalTex = saturate(metalTex);
metalTex = step(_MetalMapV, metalTex) * _MetalMapIntensity;  // 控制metal强度和范围

// 金属
if(specularLayer >= 200 && specularLayer < 260)
{
    specular = pow(NoH, _ShinnessMetal) * _SpecularIntensityMetal;
    #if defined ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK5
    specular *= stepSpecularMask;
    #endif
    specular += metalTex.rgb;
    specular *= diffuseTex.rgb;
}

头发层

这里像上面简单地处理是不行的，因为头发和其他材质在同一层，在这里需要对其进行分离

[KeywordEnum(BODY, HAIR)] _ENABLE_SPECULAR("Enable specular body or hair?", Int) = 1

#pragma shader_feature_local _ENABLE_SPECULAR_HAIR _ENABLE_SPECULAR_BODY

half3 stepSpecular2 = 0.f;

// 头发高光
if(specularLayer > 150 && specularLayer < 200)
{
    #if defined _ENABLE_SPECULAR_HAIR
    // 分离头发的高光
    stepSpecular1 = step(1 - _SpecularRangeLayer.w, NoH) * _SpecularIntensityLayer.w;
    stepSpecular1 = lerp(stepSpecular1, 0, stepSpecularMask);
    stepSpecular1 *= diffuseTex.rgb;

    // 头发的高光
    stepSpecular2 = step(1 - _SpecularRangeLayer.w, NoH) * _SpecularIntensityLayer.w;
    #ifdef ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK4
    stepSpecular2 *= stepSpecularMask;
    #endif
    stepSpecular2 *= diffuseTex.rgb;

    // body 高光
    #else
    stepSpecular1  = step(1 - _SpecularRangeLayer.w, NoH) * _SpecularIntensityLayer.w;
    #if defined ENABLE_SPECULAR_INTENISTY_MASK3
        stepSpecular1  *= stepSpecularMask;
    #endif
    stepSpecular1 *= diffuseTex.rgb;

    #endif
}

游戏内的头发高光：亮部有高光，部分暗部也包含高光，其余暗部则消失，且高光随视角变化

如何实现呢？这里的思路依旧是使用step()，不过需要两个变量：一个控制视角范围，一个控制高光范围

_HairSpecularRange("Hair Specular Range", Range(0, 1)) = 1  // 控制高光范围
_ViewSpecularRange("View Specular Range", Range(0, 1)) = 1  // 控制视角对高光的影响
_HairSpecularIntensity("Hair Specular Intensity", float) = 10	
[HDR]_HairSpecularColor("Hair Specular Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
    
float _HairSpecularRange;
float _ViewSpecularRange;
float _HairSpecularIntensity;
float3 _HairSpecularColor;

float specularRange = step(1 - _HairSpecularRange, NoH);	// 控制高光范围
float viewRange = step(1 - _ViewSpecularRange, NoV);	    // 控制视角范围
half3 hairSpecular = specularRange * viewRange * stepSpecular2 * _HairSpecularIntensity;
hairSpecular *= diffuseTex.rgb * _HairSpecularColor;

左边最暗的是模型diffuse自带的基色，明暗交界处有些许高光，右边明部有明显的高光

Lerp分层高光

最后为了防止交界处高光过度的生硬，需要对它们进行lerp

实现

specular = lerp(stepSpecular1, specular, lightMapTex.r);	// 因为金属层接近1
specular = lerp(0, specular, lightMapTex.r);	// 削弱
specular = lerp(0, specular, rampValue);	// 阴影处无高光

等宽屏幕空间边缘光

要了解什么是等宽屏幕空间边缘光，就需要知道如何获取深度图?什么是depth offset？
- 关于深度图的获取，曾在其他篇章提到过，可以看这https://www.cnblogs.com/chenglixue/p/17811333.html
- 什么是depth offset呢？简单来说就是对深度图的uv沿着法线方向偏移，这一部分偏移值即为depth offset，这也是等宽屏幕空间边缘光实现的关键所在
注意！如果在URP中采样深度图的步骤未出错，但深度图一片黑，很有可能是相机的远平面过远，或模型离相机太远(原因可以看这篇文章)

实现

[Toggle(ENABLE_RIMLIGHT)] _Enable_RimLight("Enable RimLight", Int) = 1	// 是否启用边缘光
_RimLightUVOffsetMul("Rim Light Width", Range(0, 0.1)) = 0.1	// 边缘光宽度
_RimLightThreshold("Rim Light Threshold", Range(0, 1)) = 0.5	// 阈值
[HDR]_RimLightColor("Rim Light Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)	

float _RimLightUVOffsetMul;
float _RimLightThreshold;
half4 _RimLightColor;

TEXTURE2D_X_FLOAT(_CameraDepthTexture); SAMPLER(sampler_CameraDepthTexture);   //深度图
    
const VertexPositionInputs vertexPositionInput = GetVertexPositionInputs(vsInput.positionL);
const VertexNormalInputs vertexNormalInput = GetVertexNormalInputs(vsInput.normalL, vsInput.tangentL);

vsOutput.positionH = vertexPositionInput.positionCS;
vsOutput.positionW = vertexPositionInput.positionWS;
vsOutput.positionV = vertexPositionInput.positionVS;
vsOutput.positionNDC = vertexPositionInput.positionNDC;

vsOutput.normalW.xyz = vertexNormalInput.normalWS;

half3 rimLight = 0.f;
    
float3 normalV = normalize(mul((float3x3)UNITY_MATRIX_V, normalW));
// 在view space进行偏移(z不能变化，因为HClip space下的w = view space下的-z,必须一致才能变换到正确的viewport)
float3 offsetPosV = float3(positionV.xy + normalV.xy * _RimLightUVOffsetMul, positionV.z);

// 偏移后需要将其转换到viewport下
float4 offsetPosH = TransformWViewToHClip(offsetPosV);
float4 offsetPosVP = TransformHClipToViewPort(offsetPosH);

float depth = positionNDC.z / positionNDC.w;
float offsetDepth = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D_X(_CameraDepthTexture, sampler_CameraDepthTexture, offsetPosVP).r;
float linearDepth = LinearEyeDepth(depth, _ZBufferParams);  // depth转换为线性
float linearOffsetDepth = LinearEyeDepth(offsetDepth, _ZBufferParams);  // 偏移后的
float depthDiff = linearOffsetDepth - linearDepth;
float rimLightMask = step(_RimLightThreshold * 0.1, depthDiff);

rimLight = _RimLightColor.rgb * _RimLightColor.a * rimLightMask;

outputColor += rimLight;

描边

原神使用了LightMap的Alpha通道/vertex corlor制作了彩色的描边，但这里官方的模型并未提供，没法做咯。不过笔者使用Colin大佬的方法，效果还阔以

实现

[Toggle(OUTLINE_FIXED)] _Outline_Fixed("Outline Fixed", Int) = 1
_OutlineWidth("Outline Width", Range(0, 1)) = 1
[HDR]_OutlineColor("Outline Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)

float _OutlineWidth;
half4 _OutlineColor;

#pragma shader_feature_local OUTLINE_FIXED
    
Tags
{
    // URP 中使用多Pass，需要将LightMode设为SRPDefaultUnlit
    "LightMode" = "SRPDefaultUnlit"
}
Cull Front	// 保证描边不遮挡模型

PSInput OutlineVS(VSInput vsInput)
{
    PSInput vsOutput;

    vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);

    float4 scaledSSParam = GetScaledScreenParams();
    float scaleSS = abs(scaledSSParam.x / scaledSSParam.y);
    vsOutput.normalW.xyz = TransformObjectToWorldNormal(vsInput.normalL);
    float3 normalH = TransformWorldToHClip(vsOutput.normalW.xyz);
    float2 extendWidth = normalize(normalH.xy) * _OutlineWidth * 0.01;
    extendWidth.x /= scaleSS;   // 宽高比可能不是1，需要将其变为1，消除影响
                
    #if defined OUTLINE_FIXED
    // 描边宽度固定
    vsOutput.positionH.xy += extendWidth * vsOutput.positionH.w;    // 变换至NDC空间(因为NDC空间是标准化空间，距离是固定的)
                
    #else
    // 描边宽度随相机到物体的距离变化
    vsOutput.positionH.xy += extendWidth;
            
    #endif

    return vsOutput;
}

half4 OutlinePS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    return _OutlineColor;
}

效果

SDF面部阴影

原神的面部阴影通过SDF快速实现面部阴影
思路：上图SDF中白色表示的是光照值的阈值，若达到这个值说明该点处于阴影中。且可以看到左右阈值不同，需要采样左右颠倒的SDF图，再根据光照在左边还是右边来采用对应的图

实现

[Toggle(ENABLE_FACE_SHAODW)] _EnableFaceShadow("Enable Face Shadow", Int) = 1
_FaceMap("Face Map", 2D) = "white" {}
[HDR]_FaceShadowColor("Face Shadow Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
_LerpFaceShadow("Lerp Face Shadow", Range(0, 1)) = 1
    
half4 _FaceShadowColor;
float _LerpFaceShadow;

TEXTURE2D(_FaceMap);                    SAMPLER(sampler_FaceMap);

#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_FACE_SHAODW

////////////////////////////////
// 面部阴影
////////////////////////////////
#if defined ENABLE_FACE_SHAODW
    half3 faceColor = diffuseTex;
float isShadow = 0;
// 对应灯光从模型正前到左后
half4 l_FaceTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_FaceMap, sampler_FaceMap, psInput.uv.xy);
// 对应灯光从模型正前到右后
half4 r_FaceTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_FaceMap, sampler_FaceMap, float2(1 - psInput.uv.x, psInput.uv.y));

float2 leftDir = normalize(TransformObjectToWorldDir(float3(-1, 0, 0)).xz);  // 模型正左
float2 frontDir = normalize(TransformObjectToWorldDir(float3(0, 0, 1)).xz); // 模型正前
float angleDiff = 1 - saturate(dot(frontDir, mainLightDirW.xz) * 0.5 + 0.5);    // 前向和灯光的角度差
float ilm = dot(mainLightDirW.xz, leftDir) > 0 ? l_FaceTex.r : r_FaceTex.r;     // 确定facetex

// 角度差和SDF阈值进行判断
isShadow = step(ilm, angleDiff);
float bias = smoothstep(0, _LerpFaceShadow, abs(angleDiff - ilm));  // 阴影边界平滑，否则会出现锯齿
if(angleDiff > 0.99 || isShadow == 1) faceColor = lerp(diffuseTex, diffuseTex * _FaceShadowColor.rgb, bias);
outputColor += faceColor;
#endif

效果

自发光

原神使用diffuse.a作为自发光的mask

实现

[Toggle(ENABLE_EMISSION)] _Enable_Emission("Enable Emission", Int) = 1
_EmissionIntensity("Emission Intensity", Range(0, 5)) = 1

float _EmissionIntensity;

#pragma shader_feature_local ENABLE_EMISSION

////////////////////////////////
// 自发光
////////////////////////////////
half3 emission = 0.f;
#if defined ENABLE_EMISSION
emission = diffuseTex.rgb * diffuseTex.a * _EmissionIntensity;
#endif

Bloom

这里bloom的模糊算法我采用的是DualBlur，因为它有最好的性能和最好的效果
Bloom流程：提取亮度部分->对提取部分进行模糊->将模糊后的部分和原图进行叠加
因为bloom属于后处理，所以需要实现render feature

shader

{
    Properties
    {
        _MainTex("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Tags
        {
            "RenderPipeline" = "UniversalPipeline"
        }
        
        Cull Off
        ZWrite Off
        ZTest Always
        
        HLSLINCLUDE
        #include "Assets/Shader/PostProcess/Bloom.hlsl"
        
        ENDHLSL

        Pass
        {
            Name "Extract Luminanice"
            
            HLSLPROGRAM

            #pragma vertex ExtractLumVS
            #pragma fragment ExtractLumPS
            
            ENDHLSL
            
        }

        Pass
        {
            NAME "Down Sample"
            
            HLSLPROGRAM

            #pragma vertex DownSampleVS
            #pragma fragment DownSamplePS
            
            ENDHLSL
        }

        Pass
        {
            NAME "Up Sample"
            
            HLSLPROGRAM

            #pragma vertex UpSampleVS
            #pragma fragment UpSamplePS
            
            ENDHLSL
        }

        Pass
        {
            Name "add blur with source RT"
            
            HLSLPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex BloomVS
            #pragma fragment BloomPS
            ENDHLSL
        }
    }
}

HLSL

#pragma once

#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"

// -------------------------------------------- variable definition --------------------------------------------
CBUFFER_START(UnityPerMaterial)
float4 _MainTex_TexelSize;

CBUFFER_END

half _BlurIntensity;
float _LuminanceThreshold;
half4 _BloomColor;
float _BloomIntensity;

TEXTURE2D(_MainTex);    // 模糊后的RT
SAMPLER(sampler_MainTex);
TEXTURE2D(_SourceTex);  // 原RT
SAMPLER(sampler_SourceTex);


struct VSInput
{
    float4 positionL : POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
};

struct PSInput
{
    float4 positionH : SV_POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
    float4 uv01 : TEXCOORD1;
    float4 uv23 : TEXCOORD2;
    float4 uv45 : TEXCOORD3;
    float4 uv67 : TEXCOORD4;
};

// -------------------------------------------- function definition --------------------------------------------
half ExtractLuminance(half3 color)
{
    return 0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b;
}

////////////////////////////////
// 提取亮度
////////////////////////////////
PSInput ExtractLumVS(VSInput vsInput)
{
    PSInput vsOutput;

    vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);
    vsOutput.uv = vsInput.uv;

    return vsOutput;
}

half4 ExtractLumPS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    half3 outputColor = 0.f;

    half4 mainTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv);
    half luminanceFactor = saturate(ExtractLuminance(mainTex) - _LuminanceThreshold);

    outputColor += mainTex * luminanceFactor;

    return half4(outputColor, 1.f);
}

////////////////////////////////
// DualBlur模糊
////////////////////////////////
PSInput DownSampleVS(VSInput vsInput)
{
    PSInput vsOutput;

    vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);

    // 在D3D平台下，若开启抗锯齿，_TexelSize.y会变成负值
    #ifdef UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP
    if(_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0)
        vsInput.uv.y = 1 - vsInput.uv.y;
    #endif
            
    vsOutput.uv = vsInput.uv;
    vsOutput.uv01.xy = vsInput.uv + float2(1.f, 1.f) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv01.zw = vsInput.uv + float2(-1.f, -1.f) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv23.xy = vsInput.uv + float2(1.f, -1.f) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv23.zw = vsInput.uv + float2(-1.f, 1.f) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;

    return vsOutput;
}

float4 DownSamplePS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    float4 outputColor = 0.f;

    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv.xy) * 0.5;
    
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv01.xy) * 0.125;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv01.zw) * 0.125;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv23.xy) * 0.125;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv23.zw) * 0.125;

    return outputColor;
}

PSInput UpSampleVS(VSInput vsInput)
{
    PSInput vsOutput;

    vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);

    #ifdef UNITY_UV_STARTS_AT_TOP
    if(_MainTex_TexelSize.y < 0.f)
        vsInput.uv.y = 1 - vsInput.uv.y;
    #endif

    vsOutput.uv = vsInput.uv;
    // 1/12
    vsOutput.uv01.xy = vsInput.uv + float2(0, 1) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv01.zw = vsInput.uv + float2(0, -1) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv23.xy = vsInput.uv + float2(1, 0) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv23.zw = vsInput.uv + float2(-1, 0) * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    // 1/6
    vsOutput.uv45.xy = vsInput.uv + float2(1, 1) * 0.5 * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv45.zw = vsInput.uv + float2(-1, -1) * 0.5 * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv67.xy = vsInput.uv + float2(1, -1) * 0.5 * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;
    vsOutput.uv67.zw = vsInput.uv + float2(-1, 1) * 0.5 * _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * _BlurIntensity;

    return vsOutput;
}

float4 UpSamplePS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    float4 outputColor = 0.f;

    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv01.xy) * 1/12;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv01.zw) * 1/12;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv23.xy) * 1/12;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv23.zw) * 1/12;

    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv45.xy) * 1/6;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv45.zw) * 1/6;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv67.xy) * 1/6;
    outputColor += SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv67.zw) * 1/6;

    return outputColor;
}

////////////////////////////////
// 将模糊后的RT与原图叠加
////////////////////////////////
PSInput BloomVS(VSInput vsInput)
{
    PSInput vsOutput;

    vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);
    vsOutput.uv = vsInput.uv;

    return vsOutput;
}

half4 BloomPS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    half3 outputColor = 0.f;
    
    half4 sourceTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_SourceTex, sampler_SourceTex, psInput.uv);
    half4 blurTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv);

    outputColor += sourceTex.rgb + blurTex.rgb * _BloomColor * _BloomIntensity;

    return half4(outputColor, 1.f);
}

RenderFeature

using System;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Rendering;
using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal;

public class BloomRenderFeature : ScriptableRendererFeature
{
    // render feature 显示内容
    [System.Serializable]
    public class PassSetting
    {
        [Tooltip("profiler tag will show up in frame debugger")]
        public readonly string m_ProfilerTag = "Bloom Pass";
        [Tooltip("Pass安插位置")]
        public RenderPassEvent m_passEvent = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingTransparents;
        
        [Tooltip("降低分辨率")]
        [Range(1, 5)] 
        public int m_Downsample = 1;

        [Tooltip("模糊迭代次数")]
        [Range(1, 5)] 
        public int m_PassLoop = 2;
        
        [Tooltip("模糊强度")]
        [Range(0, 10)] 
        public float m_BlurIntensity = 1;
        
        [Tooltip("亮度阈值")]
        [Range(0, 1)]
        public float m_LuminanceThreshold = 0.5f;
        
        [Tooltip("Bloom颜色")]
        public Color m_BloomColor = new Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
        
        [Tooltip("Bloom强度")]
        [Range(0, 10)]
        public float m_BloomIntensity = 1;
    }
    
    class BloomRenderPass : ScriptableRenderPass
    {
        // 用于存储pass setting
        private BloomRenderFeature.PassSetting m_passSetting;

        private RenderTargetIdentifier m_TargetBuffer, m_TempBuffer;

        private Material m_Material;

        static class ShaderIDs
        {
            // int 相较于 string可以获得更好的性能，因为这是预处理的
            internal static readonly int m_BlurIntensityProperty = Shader.PropertyToID("_BlurIntensity");
            internal static readonly int m_LuminanceThresholdProperty = Shader.PropertyToID("_LuminanceThreshold");
            internal static readonly int m_BloomColorProperty = Shader.PropertyToID("_BloomColor");
            internal static readonly int m_BloomIntensityProperty = Shader.PropertyToID("_BloomIntensity");
            
            internal static readonly int m_TempBufferProperty = Shader.PropertyToID("_BufferRT1");
            internal static readonly int m_SourceBufferProperty = Shader.PropertyToID("_SourceTex");
        }

        // 降采样和升采样的ShaderID
        struct BlurLevelShaderIDs
        {
            internal int downLevelID;
            internal int upLevelID;
        }
        static int maxBlurLevel = 16;
        private BlurLevelShaderIDs[] blurLevel;

        // 用于设置material 属性
        public BloomRenderPass(BloomRenderFeature.PassSetting passSetting)
        {
            this.m_passSetting = passSetting;

            renderPassEvent = m_passSetting.m_passEvent;

            if (m_Material == null) m_Material = CoreUtils.CreateEngineMaterial("Custom/PP_Bloom");
            
            // 基于pass setting设置material Properties
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_BlurIntensityProperty, m_passSetting.m_BlurIntensity);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_LuminanceThresholdProperty, m_passSetting.m_LuminanceThreshold);
            m_Material.SetColor(ShaderIDs.m_BloomColorProperty, m_passSetting.m_BloomColor);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_BloomIntensityProperty, m_passSetting.m_BloomIntensity);
        }
        
        // Gets called by the renderer before executing the pass.
        // Can be used to configure render targets and their clearing state.
        // Can be used to create temporary render target textures.
        // If this method is not overriden, the render pass will render to the active camera render target.
        public override void OnCameraSetup(CommandBuffer cmd, ref RenderingData renderingData)
        {
            // Grab the color buffer from the renderer camera color target
            m_TargetBuffer = renderingData.cameraData.renderer.cameraColorTarget;

            blurLevel = new BlurLevelShaderIDs[maxBlurLevel];
            for (int t = 0; t < maxBlurLevel; ++t)  // 16个down level id, 16个up level id
            {
                blurLevel[t] = new BlurLevelShaderIDs
                {
                    downLevelID = Shader.PropertyToID("_BlurMipDown" + t),
                    upLevelID = Shader.PropertyToID("_BlurMipUp" + t)
                };
            }
        }

        // The actual execution of the pass. This is where custom rendering occurs
        public override void Execute(ScriptableRenderContext context, ref RenderingData renderingData)
        {
            // Grab a command buffer. We put the actual execution of the pass inside of a profiling scope
            CommandBuffer cmd = CommandBufferPool.Get();
            
            // camera target descriptor will be used when creating a temporary render texture
            RenderTextureDescriptor descriptor = renderingData.cameraData.cameraTargetDescriptor;
            // 设置 temporary render texture的depth buffer的精度
            descriptor.depthBufferBits = 0;

            using (new ProfilingScope(cmd, new ProfilingSampler(m_passSetting.m_ProfilerTag)))
            {
                // 初始图像作为down的初始图像
                RenderTargetIdentifier lastDown = m_TargetBuffer;
                cmd.GetTemporaryRT(ShaderIDs.m_SourceBufferProperty, descriptor, FilterMode.Bilinear);
                cmd.CopyTexture(m_TargetBuffer, ShaderIDs.m_SourceBufferProperty);  // 将原RT复制给_SourceTex
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 提取亮度开始
                ////////////////////////////////
                cmd.GetTemporaryRT(ShaderIDs.m_TempBufferProperty, descriptor, FilterMode.Bilinear);
                m_TempBuffer = new RenderTargetIdentifier(ShaderIDs.m_TempBufferProperty);
                cmd.Blit(m_TargetBuffer, m_TempBuffer, m_Material, 0);
                cmd.Blit(m_TempBuffer, lastDown);
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 提取亮度结束
                ////////////////////////////////
                
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 模糊开始
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 降采样
                descriptor.width /= m_passSetting.m_Downsample;
                descriptor.height /= m_passSetting.m_Downsample;
                // 计算down sample
                for (int i = 0; i < m_passSetting.m_PassLoop; ++i)
                {
                    // 创建down、up的Temp RT
                    int midDown = blurLevel[i].downLevelID;
                    int midUp = blurLevel[i].upLevelID;
                    cmd.GetTemporaryRT(midDown, descriptor, FilterMode.Bilinear);
                    cmd.GetTemporaryRT(midUp, descriptor, FilterMode.Bilinear);
                    // down sample
                    cmd.Blit(lastDown, midDown, m_Material, 1);
                    // 计算得到的图像复制给lastDown，以便下个循环继续计算
                    lastDown = midDown;
                    
                    // down sample每次循环都降低分辨率
                    descriptor.width = Mathf.Max(descriptor.width / 2, 1);
                    descriptor.height = Mathf.Max(descriptor.height / 2, 1);
                }
                
                // 计算up sample
                // 将最终的down sample RT ID赋值给首个up sample RT ID
                int lastUp = blurLevel[m_passSetting.m_PassLoop - 1].downLevelID;
                // 第一个ID已经赋值
                for (int i = m_passSetting.m_PassLoop - 2; i > 0; --i)
                {
                    int midUp = blurLevel[i].upLevelID;
                    cmd.Blit(lastUp, midUp, m_Material, 2);
                    lastUp = midUp;
                }
                // 将最终的up sample RT 复制给 lastDown
                cmd.Blit( lastUp, m_TargetBuffer, m_Material, 2);
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 模糊结束
                ////////////////////////////////
                
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 模糊原图叠加开始
                ////////////////////////////////
                cmd.Blit(m_TargetBuffer, m_TempBuffer, m_Material, 3);
                cmd.Blit(m_TempBuffer, m_TargetBuffer);
                ////////////////////////////////
                // 模糊原图叠加结束
                ////////////////////////////////
            }
            
            // Execute the command buffer and release it
            context.ExecuteCommandBuffer(cmd);
            CommandBufferPool.Release(cmd);
        }
        
        // Called when the camera has finished rendering
        // release/cleanup any allocated resources that were created by this pass
        public override void OnCameraCleanup(CommandBuffer cmd)
        {
            if(cmd == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cmd");
            
            // Since created a temporary render texture in OnCameraSetup, we need to release the memory here to avoid a leak
            for (int i = 0; i < m_passSetting.m_PassLoop; ++i)
            {
                cmd.ReleaseTemporaryRT(blurLevel[i].downLevelID);
                cmd.ReleaseTemporaryRT(blurLevel[i].upLevelID);
            }
            
            cmd.ReleaseTemporaryRT(ShaderIDs.m_TempBufferProperty);
        }
    }

    public PassSetting m_Setting = new PassSetting();
    BloomRenderPass m_DualBlurPass;
    
    // 初始化
    public override void Create()
    {
        m_DualBlurPass = new BloomRenderPass(m_Setting);
    }

    // Here you can inject one or multiple render passes in the renderer.
    // This method is called when setting up the renderer once per-camera.
    public override void AddRenderPasses(ScriptableRenderer renderer, ref RenderingData renderingData)
    {
        // can queue up multiple passes after each other
        renderer.EnqueuePass(m_DualBlurPass);
    }
}

Tonemapping

Tonemapping采用的是GT Tone Mapping，该Tonemapping可以自由地控制峰值亮度、提供linear mid使其具有照片级真实感、各个值都很好调整
为什么不采用ACES RRT+ODT呢？因为ACES ODT的参数是固定的，只提供1000/2000/4000nits；而RRT会进行烘培

且Colin大佬也提到过ACES不适用于卡渲
公式：https://www.desmos.com/calculator/gslcdxvipg?lang=zh-CN
三个重要参数
- Contrast adjustable toe
- Linear section in middle
- Smooth shoulder
同样tonemapping属于后处理，包含shader和renderfeature两部分

Shader

{
    Properties
    {
        _MainTex("Main Tex", 2D) = "white" {}
    }
    
    SubShader
    {
        Tags
        {
            "RenderPipeline" = "UniversalPipeline"
        }
        
        Cull Off
        ZWrite Off
        ZTest Always
        
        HLSLINCLUDE
        #include "Assets/Shader/PostProcess/Tonemapping.hlsl"
        ENDHLSL
        
        Pass
        {
            Name "Tone mapping"
            
            HLSLPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex TonemappingVS
            #pragma fragment TonemappingPS
            ENDHLSL
        }
    }
}

HLSL

#pragma once

#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"

// -------------------------------------------- variable definition --------------------------------------------
float _MaxLuminanice;
float _Contrast;
float _LinearSectionStart;
float _LinearSectionLength;
float _BlackTightnessC;
float _BlackTightnessB;

TEXTURE2D(_MainTex);
SAMPLER(sampler_MainTex);

struct VSInput
{
    float4 positionL : POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
};

struct PSInput
{
    float4 positionH : SV_POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
};

// -------------------------------------------- function definition --------------------------------------------

////////////////////////////////
// Tone mapping begin
////////////////////////////////

static const float e = 2.71828;

// smoothstep(x,e0,e1)
float WFunction(float x, float e0, float e1)
{
    if(x <= e0) return 0.f;
    if(x >= e1) return 1.f;

    float m = (x - e0) / (e1 - e0);
    
    return m * m * 3.f - 2.f * m;
}

// smoothstep(x,e0,e1)
float HFunction(float x, float e0, float e1)
{
    if(x <= e0) return 0.f;
    if(x >= e1) return 1.f;

    return (x - e0) / (e1 - e0);
}

// https://www.desmos.com/calculator/gslcdxvipg?lang=zh-CN
// https://www.shadertoy.com/view/Xstyzn
float GTHelper(half x)
{
    float P = _MaxLuminanice;      // max luminanice[1, 100]
    float a = _Contrast;      // Contrast[1, 5]
    float m = _LinearSectionStart;    // Linear section start
    float l = _LinearSectionLength;     // Linear section length
    // Black tightness[1,3] & [0, 1]
    float c = _BlackTightnessC;    
    float b = _BlackTightnessB;

    // Linear region computation
    // l0 is the linear length after scale
    float l0 = (P - m) * l / a;
    float L0 = m - m / a;
    float L1 = m + (1 - m) / a;
    float L_x = m + a * (x - m);
    
    // Toe
    float T_x = m * pow((x / m), c) + b;

    // Shoulder
    float S0 = m + l0;
    float S1 = m + a * l0;
    float C2 = a * P / (P - S1);
    float S_x = P - (P - S1) * pow(e, -C2 * (x - S0) / P);
    
    float w0_x = 1 - WFunction(x, 0, m);    // Toe weight
    float w2_x = HFunction(x, m + l0, m + l0);  // linear weight
    float w1_x = 1 - w0_x - w2_x;   // shoulder weight

    return T_x * w0_x + L_x * w1_x + S_x * w2_x;
}

PSInput TonemappingVS(VSInput vsInput)
{
    PSInput vsOutput;

    vsOutput.positionH = TransformObjectToHClip(vsInput.positionL);
    vsOutput.uv = vsInput.uv;

    return vsOutput;
}

float4 TonemappingPS(PSInput psInput) : SV_TARGET
{
    float3 outputColor = 0.f;

    half4 mainTex = SAMPLE_TEXTURE2D(_MainTex, sampler_MainTex, psInput.uv);

    float r = GTHelper(mainTex.r);
    float g = GTHelper(mainTex.g);
    float b = GTHelper(mainTex.b);

    outputColor += float3(r, g, b);
    
    return float4(outputColor, mainTex.a);
}

////////////////////////////////
// Tone mapping end
////////////////////////////////

RenderFeature

using System;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Rendering;
using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal;

public class TonemappingRenderFeature : ScriptableRendererFeature
{
    // render feature 显示内容
    [System.Serializable]
    public class PassSetting
    {
        [Tooltip("显示在frame debugger中的标签名")]
        public readonly string m_ProfilerTag = "Tonemapping Pass";
        [Tooltip("安插位置")]
        public RenderPassEvent m_passEvent = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingTransparents;

        [Tooltip("最大亮度[1, 100]")]
        [Range(1, 100)]
        public float m_MaxLuminanice = 1f;
        
        [Tooltip("对比度")]
        [Range(1, 5)]
        public float m_Contrast = 1f;
        
        [Tooltip("线性区域的起点")]
        [Range(0, 1)]
        public float m_LinearSectionStart = 0.4f;
        
        [Tooltip("线性区域的长度")]
        [Range(0, 1)]
        public float m_LinearSectionLength = 0.24f;
        
        [Tooltip("Black Tightness C")]
        [Range(0, 3)]
        public float m_BlackTightnessC = 1.33f;
        
        [Tooltip("Black Tightness B")]
        [Range(0, 1)]
        public float m_BlackTightnessB = 0f;
    }
    
    class TonemappingRenderPass : ScriptableRenderPass
    {
        // 用于存储pass setting
        private TonemappingRenderFeature.PassSetting m_passSetting;

        private RenderTargetIdentifier m_TargetBuffer, m_TempBuffer;

        private Material m_Material;

        static class ShaderIDs
        {
            // int 相较于 string可以获得更好的性能，因为这是预处理的
            internal static readonly int m_MaxLuminaniceID = Shader.PropertyToID("_MaxLuminanice");
            internal static readonly int m_ContrastID = Shader.PropertyToID("_Contrast");
            internal static readonly int m_LinearSectionStartID = Shader.PropertyToID("_LinearSectionStart");
            internal static readonly int m_LinearSectionLengthID = Shader.PropertyToID("_LinearSectionLength");
            internal static readonly int m_BlackTightnessCID = Shader.PropertyToID("_BlackTightnessC");
            internal static readonly int m_BlackTightnessBID = Shader.PropertyToID("_BlackTightnessB");
            
            internal static readonly int m_TempBufferID = Shader.PropertyToID("_BufferRT1");
        }

        // 用于设置material 属性
        public TonemappingRenderPass(TonemappingRenderFeature.PassSetting passSetting)
        {
            this.m_passSetting = passSetting;

            renderPassEvent = m_passSetting.m_passEvent;

            if (m_Material == null) m_Material = CoreUtils.CreateEngineMaterial("Custom/PP_Tonemapping");
            
            // 基于pass setting设置material Properties
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_MaxLuminaniceID, m_passSetting.m_MaxLuminanice);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_ContrastID, m_passSetting.m_Contrast);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_LinearSectionStartID, m_passSetting.m_LinearSectionStart);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_LinearSectionLengthID, m_passSetting.m_LinearSectionLength);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_BlackTightnessCID, m_passSetting.m_BlackTightnessC);
            m_Material.SetFloat(ShaderIDs.m_BlackTightnessBID, m_passSetting.m_BlackTightnessB);
        }
        
        // Gets called by the renderer before executing the pass.
        // Can be used to configure render targets and their clearing state.
        // Can be used to create temporary render target textures.
        // If this method is not overriden, the render pass will render to the active camera render target.
        public override void OnCameraSetup(CommandBuffer cmd, ref RenderingData renderingData)
        {
            // camera target descriptor will be used when creating a temporary render texture
            RenderTextureDescriptor descriptor = renderingData.cameraData.cameraTargetDescriptor;
            // Set the number of depth bits we need for temporary render texture
            descriptor.depthBufferBits = 0;
            
            // Enable these if pass requires access to the CameraDepthTexture or the CameraNormalsTexture.
            // ConfigureInput(ScriptableRenderPassInput.Depth);
            // ConfigureInput(ScriptableRenderPassInput.Normal);
            
            // Grab the color buffer from the renderer camera color target
            m_TargetBuffer = renderingData.cameraData.renderer.cameraColorTarget;
            
            // Create a temporary render texture using the descriptor from above
            cmd.GetTemporaryRT(ShaderIDs.m_TempBufferID, descriptor, FilterMode.Bilinear);
            m_TempBuffer = new RenderTargetIdentifier(ShaderIDs.m_TempBufferID);
        }

        // The actual execution of the pass. This is where custom rendering occurs
        public override void Execute(ScriptableRenderContext context, ref RenderingData renderingData)
        {
            // Grab a command buffer. We put the actual execution of the pass inside of a profiling scope
            CommandBuffer cmd = CommandBufferPool.Get();

            using (new ProfilingScope(cmd, new ProfilingSampler(m_passSetting.m_ProfilerTag)))
            {
                // Blit from the color buffer to a temporary buffer and back
                Blit(cmd, m_TargetBuffer, m_TempBuffer, m_Material, 0);

                Blit(cmd, m_TempBuffer, m_TargetBuffer);
            }
            
            // Execute the command buffer and release it
            context.ExecuteCommandBuffer(cmd);
            CommandBufferPool.Release(cmd);
        }
        
        // Called when the camera has finished rendering
        // release/cleanup any allocated resources that were created by this pass
        public override void OnCameraCleanup(CommandBuffer cmd)
        {
            if(cmd == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cmd");
            
            // Since created a temporary render texture in OnCameraSetup, we need to release the memory here to avoid a leak
            cmd.ReleaseTemporaryRT(ShaderIDs.m_TempBufferID);
        }
    }

    public PassSetting m_Setting = new PassSetting();
    TonemappingRenderPass m_KawaseBlurPass;
    
    // 初始化
    public override void Create()
    {
        m_KawaseBlurPass = new TonemappingRenderPass(m_Setting);
    }

    // Here you can inject one or multiple render passes in the renderer.
    // This method is called when setting up the renderer once per-camera.
    public override void AddRenderPasses(ScriptableRenderer renderer, ref RenderingData renderingData)
    {
        // can queue up multiple passes after each other
        renderer.EnqueuePass(m_KawaseBlurPass);
    }
}