数据库备份与恢复测试(3)

################################                                                                     
# [1.5] 有trace,活动在线日志损坏   
################################
################################                                                             
# [1.5.1] 有trace,活动在线日志损坏,正常shutdown或是当前的数据文件  
################################
SQL> create table arch (status varchar(2));

表已创建。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'no' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,archived, STATUS from v$log;

    GROUP#  SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
         1          2 YES ACTIVE
         2          1 YES ACTIVE
         3          3 NO  CURRENT
    
SQL> shutdown  --正常关闭数据库
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

此时模拟删除当前在线日志组3
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
  3      MAXLOGFILES 5
  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  5      MAXDATAFILES 100
  6      MAXINSTANCES 1
  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 1 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
10    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
11    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M
12  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
13  DATAFILE
14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',
15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',
17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',
18    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'
19  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
20  ;

控制文件已创建

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

数据库已更改。
   
SQL> select count(*),status from arch group by status;

  COUNT(*) ST
---------- --
      6166 no
     12332 ok

-->>没有丢失任何数据,因为你的数据都已经写到数据文件里了    

#########################################                                                  
# [1.5.2] 有trace,活动在线日志损坏,shutdown abort 或是非当前的数据文件
          ,当前在线日志文件损坏         
#########################################

####################################################
[测试1] shutdown abort,备份控制文件或者resetlog的trace,
没有数据文件备份,采用强制打开数据库的方法
####################################################
SQL> create table arch (status varchar(2));           
                                                          
表已创建。                                                    

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into arch select 'no' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。
SQL>  select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,archived, STATUS from v$log;

GROUP#  SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
         1          2 YES ACTIVE
         2          3 NO  CURRENT
         3          1 YES INACTIVE

SQL> insert into arch select 'no' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-00313: 无法打开日志组 1 (线程 1) 的成员
ORA-00312: 联机日志 1 线程 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\REDO01.LOG'
ORA-27047: 无法读取文件的标题块
OSD-04006: ReadFile() 失败, 无法读取文件
O/S-Error: (OS 38) 到达文件结尾。

SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
alter database clear logfile group 1
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01624: 线程1的紧急恢复需要日志1
ORA-00312: 联机日志 1 线程 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\REDO01.LOG'

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
  3      MAXLOGFILES 5
  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  5      MAXDATAFILES 100
  6      MAXINSTANCES 1
  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 1 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
10    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
11    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M
12  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
13  DATAFILE
14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',
15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',
17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',
18    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'
19  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
20  ;

控制文件已创建

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01194: ??1?????????????
ORA-01110: ???? 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF'

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ?? 70123 (? 02/28/2005 15:22:05 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_3.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 70123 ???? 1 ???? # 3 ???

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: ??: RECOVER ??? OPEN RESETLOGS ???????
ORA-01194: ??1?????????????
ORA-01110: ???? 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF'

ORA-01112: ???????

我们看到如果是abort DOWN机的话,打开数据库都需要应用在线活动日志

这时必须加隐含参数强制打开数据库,并进行导出,重建数据库,导入业务数据

SQL> show parameter spfile                                                                               
                                                                                                         
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE                                                   
------------------------------------ ----------- -----------------------------                           
spfile                               string      %ORACLE_HOME%\DATABASE\SPFILE                           
                                                 ORACLE_SID%.ORA                                         
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
SQL> create pfile='pfiletest.ora' from spfile;                                                           
                                                                                                         
文件已创建。                                                                                             
                                                                                                         
SQL> create pfile='c:\pfiletest.ora' from spfile;                                                        
                                                                                                         
文件已创建。                                                                                             
编辑c:\pfiletest.ora                                                                                     
增加三个参数                                                                                             
                                                                                                         
_allow_resetlogs_corruption=true                                                                         
_corrupted_rollback_segments=true                                                                        
_offline_rollback_segments=true                                                                          
                                                                                                         
SQL> shutdown immediate                                                                                  
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开                                                                                  
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
已经卸载数据库。                                                                                         
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。                                                                                    
SQL>                                                                                                     
SQL>                                                                                                     
SQL>                                                                                                     
SQL> startup pfile='c:\pfiletest.ora'                                                                    
ORACLE 例程已经启动。                                                                                    
                                                                                                         
Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes                                                                
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes                                                                
Variable Size             109051904 bytes                                                                
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes                                                                
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes                                                                
数据库装载完毕。                                                                                         
ORA-01589: 要打开数据库则必须使用 RESETLOGS 或 NORESETLOGS 选项                                          
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;                                                                      
alter database open resetlogs                                                                            
*                                                                                                        
ERROR 位于第 1 行:                                                                                       
ORA-01092: ORACLE 例程终止。强行断开连接                                                                 
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
SQL>                                                                                                     
SQL>                                                                                                     
SQL> exit                                                                                                
从Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production                                             
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options                                               
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production中断开                                                             
                                                                                                         
C:\>sqlplus "/as sysdba"                                                                                 
                                                                                                         
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期五 12月 31 14:03:09 2004                                 
                                                                                                         
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                      
                                                                                                         
已连接到空闲例程。                                                                                       
                                                                                                         
SQL> startup pfile='c:\pfiletest.ora'                                                                    
ORACLE 例程已经启动。                                                                                    
                                                                                                         
Total System Global Area  135338868 bytes                                                                
Fixed Size                   453492 bytes                                                                
Variable Size             109051904 bytes                                                                
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes                                                                
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes                                                                
数据库装载完毕。                                                                                         
数据库已经打开。                                                                                         
SQL>        

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

####################################################
# [测试2] shutdown abort,resetlog的trace,
#         有数据文件备份,当前在线日志损坏,控制文件损坏,有trace
####################################################
SQL> create table arch (status varchar(2)) tablespace users;

表已创建。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> insert into arch select * from arch;

已创建6166行。

SQL> /

已创建12332行。

SQL> /

已创建24664行。

SQL> /

已创建49328行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'no' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,archived, STATUS from v$log;

    GROUP#  SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
         1          5 NO  CURRENT
         2          3 YES ACTIVE
         3          4 NO  ACTIVE

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

  3      MAXLOGFILES 5

  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

  5      MAXDATAFILES 100

  6      MAXINSTANCES 1

  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226

  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,

10    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M

11  -- STANDBY LOGFILE

12  DATAFILE

13    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',

14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',

15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',

16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',

17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'

18  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

19  ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE ??
ORA-01192: ??????????

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
如果是NORESETLOGS,那么他要检查当前的在线日志,而现在没有了

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

  3      MAXLOGFILES 5

  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

  5      MAXDATAFILES 100

  6      MAXINSTANCES 1

  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226

  8  LOGFILE

  9    GROUP 1 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 100M,

10    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,

11    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M

12  -- STANDBY LOGFILE

13  DATAFILE

14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',

15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',

16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',

17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',

18    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'

19  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

20  ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE ??
ORA-01565: ????'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'???  -->>这个文件不在了
ORA-27041: ??????
OSD-04002: N^7(4r?*ND<~
O/S-Error: (OS 2) O5M3UR2;5=V86(5DND<~!#

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

  3      MAXLOGFILES 5

  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

  5      MAXDATAFILES 100

  6      MAXINSTANCES 1

  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226

  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,

10    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M

11  -- STANDBY LOGFILE

12  DATAFILE

13    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',

14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',

15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',

16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',

17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'

18  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

19  ;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE ??
ORA-00200: ????????
ORA-00202: ????: 'C:\oracle\oradata\testdb\control01.ctl'  --这个文件不能被覆盖,删除三个控制文件
ORA-27086: skgfglk: ?????? - ?????
OSD-04002: N^7(4r?*ND<~
O/S-Error: (OS 5) >\>x7CNJ!#

SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: ??????

ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

  3      MAXLOGFILES 5

  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

  5      MAXDATAFILES 100

  6      MAXINSTANCES 1

  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226

  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,

10    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M

11  -- STANDBY LOGFILE

12  DATAFILE

13    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',

14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',

15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',

16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',

17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'

18  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

19  ;

控制文件已创建

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01589: ??????????? RESETLOGS ? NORESETLOGS ??

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01152: ?? 1 ????????????
ORA-01110: ???? 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF'

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ?? 69456 (? 03/02/2005 10:26:30 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_3.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69456 ???? 1 ???? # 3 ???

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00279: ?? 69616 (? 03/02/2005 16:53:52 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_4.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69616 ???? 1 ???? # 4 ???
ORA-00278: ??????????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_3.DBF'

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00279: ?? 69661 (? 03/02/2005 16:53:54 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_5.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69661 ???? 1 ???? # 5 ???
ORA-00278: ??????????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_4.DBF'

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00308: ???????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_5.DBF'
ORA-27041: ??????
OSD-04002: N^7(4r?*ND<~
O/S-Error: (OS 2) O5M3UR2;5=V86(5DND<~!#

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ?? 69661 (? 03/02/2005 16:53:54 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_5.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69661 ???? 1 ???? # 5 ???

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
介质恢复已取消。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

数据库已更改。

SQL> select count(*),status from arch group by status;

  COUNT(*) ST
---------- --
     98656 ok  --还原了部分数据,但不能还原在线日志中的数据

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
如果数据库是abort或者老的数据文件备份,那么就涉及到控制文件和数据文件不一致,需要恢复,就涉及到当前被破坏的在线日志,
,启动时仍然需要用在线活动日志进行恢复.如果是正常的shutdown,而且没有用老的数据备份,那么控制文件和数据文件是一致的,
不需要当前在线日志.而在abort或者老的数据文件备份在这种情况下，只能用备份的datafile和备份的controlfile来做不完
全恢复，都将造成数据丢失。因此多重controlfile 和 online redo log file 很重要。通常情况下是在正常运行数据库时,
当前在线日志被破坏的,此时马上会数据库不正常DOWN机,也就出现1.5.2的情景
我们知道如果是abort关闭的,那么有些事务是不完整的或者有些事务没有被写到数据文件,在数据文件中有这样的标识,这样,用
create controlfile ... noresetlogs或者resetlogs创建时读取数据文件头信息,该文件在控制文件信息,比如结束SCN设置为无穷大)
打开时就需要当前在线日志恢复
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
####################################################
# [测试3] shutdown abort,控制文件损坏,备份控制文件,
#         当前在线日志损坏,有数据文件备份
####################################################

还原原来备份的数据文件,控制文件
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开

ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
ORA-01991: ???????'C:\oracle\ora92\DATABASE\PWDtestdb.ORA'

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile ;
ORA-00279: ?? 69456 (? 03/02/2005 10:26:30 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_3.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69456 ???? 1 ???? # 3 ???

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00279: ?? 69572 (? 03/02/2005 17:07:43 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_4.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69572 ???? 1 ???? # 4 ???
ORA-00278: ??????????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_3.DBF'

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00279: ?? 69617 (? 03/02/2005 17:07:44 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_5.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69617 ???? 1 ???? # 5 ???
ORA-00278: ??????????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_4.DBF'

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00308: ???????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_5.DBF'
ORA-27041: ??????
OSD-04002: N^7(4r?*ND<~
O/S-Error: (OS 2) O5M3UR2;5=V86(5DND<~!#

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01113: ?? 1 ??????
ORA-01110: ???? 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF'

SQL> select resetlogs_change# - 1,CONTROLFILE_CHANGE# from v$database;

RESETLOGS_CHANGE#-1 CONTROLFILE_CHANGE#
------------------- -------------------
              68658               69617

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ?? 69617 (? 03/02/2005 17:07:44 ??) ???? 1 ????
ORA-00289: ??: C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\ARCHIVE\1_5.DBF
ORA-00280: ?? 69617 ???? 1 ???? # 5 ???

指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
介质恢复已取消。
SQL> select resetlogs_change# - 1,CONTROLFILE_CHANGE# from v$database;

RESETLOGS_CHANGE#-1 CONTROLFILE_CHANGE#
------------------- -------------------
              68658               69617

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

数据库已更改。

SQL> select count(*),status from arch group by status;

  COUNT(*) ST
---------- --
     98656 ok

######################################################                                               
# [1.5.3]  控制文件损坏,如果trace不是最新的数据库结构，如少了个数据文件
######################################################   

SQL> create table arch (status varchar(2));

表已创建。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> insert into arch select 'ok' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

系统已更改。

SQL> insert into arch select 'no' from dba_objects;

已创建6166行。

SQL> commit;

提交完成。

SQL> select GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,archived, STATUS from v$log;

    GROUP#  SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
         1          2 NO  ACTIVE
         2          1 YES ACTIVE
         3          3 NO  CURRENT   
SQL> alter tablespace tools add datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.dbf'
size 10m;

表空间已更改。

SQL> shutdown
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

模拟控制文件丢失

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
  3      MAXLOGFILES 5
  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  5      MAXDATAFILES 100
  6      MAXINSTANCES 1
  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 1 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
10    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
11    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M
12  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
13  DATAFILE
14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',
15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',
17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',
18    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'
19  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
20  ;

控制文件已创建

SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

SQL> select name,status from v$datafile;

NAME                                         STATUS
--------------------------------------       -------
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF        SYSTEM
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF       ONLINE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\INDX01.DBF          ONLINE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF         ONLINE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\USERS01.DBF             ONLINE
C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\MISSING00006        RECOVER --这个文件现在是recover状态

已选择6行。

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
我们发现C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\MISSING00006并不存在,只不过是个标记而已
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SQL> alter database rename file 'MISSING00006' to 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.dbf';  --MISSING00006不要加路径

数据库已更改。

SQL> recover datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.dbf';
完成介质恢复。

SQL> alter database datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.dbf' online;

数据库已更改。

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
如果用备份控制文件，且备份
控制文件少了新增加的两个文件
，恢复时会提示错误，我们可以
用rename来解决
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
使用备份控制文件
recover AUTOMATIC   database using backup controlfile until cancel
...      
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors                  
ORA-01244: unnamed datafile(s) added to controlfile by media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/oracle/dbs/db2.f'                         
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/oracle/dbs/db3.f'                         

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
这是因为前滚时发现file#中
有两个文件，但控制文件没有
我们可以在v$datafile中看到
所以恢复中断
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SELECT FILE#,NAME
FROM V$DATAFILE;

FILE#           NAME
--------------- ----------------------
1               /oracle/dbs/db1.f
2               /oracle/dbs/UNNAMED00002
3               /oracle/dbs/UNNAMED00003

这时对文件进行改名就可以了

ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE '/db/UNNAMED00002' TO '/oracle/dbs/db3.f';
ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE '/db/UNNAMED00003' TO '/oracle/dbs/db2.f';

RECOVER AUTOMATIC DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE UNTIL CANCEL

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

######################################################                               
# [1.5.4] 控制文件损坏,如果trace不是最新的数据库结构，如少了个只读数据文件
###################################################### 

SQL> alter tablespace tools add datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.dbf'
size 10m ;

表空间已更改。                 
SQL> alter tablespace tools read only;

表空间已更改。
   
    SQL> select name,ENABLED
  2   from v$datafile;

NAME                                            ENABLED
---------------------------------------         ----------   
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF                READ WRITE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF                READ WRITE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\INDX01.DBF                READ WRITE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF                READ ONLY
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\USERS01.DBF                READ WRITE
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.DBF                READ ONLY

已选择6行。
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
  3      MAXLOGFILES 5
  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  5      MAXDATAFILES 100
  6      MAXINSTANCES 1
  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 1 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
10    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
11    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M
12  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
13  DATAFILE
14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',
15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',
17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',
18    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'
19  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
20  ;

控制文件已创建
SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\INDX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\USERS01.DBF
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\INDX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\USERS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\MISSING00006  --OPEN时增加了不认识的文件名

已选择6行。

SQL> alter database rename file 'MISSING00006' to 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\TOOL
S02.DBF';
alter database rename file 'MISSING00006' to 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\TOOLS02.D
BF'
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01511: 重命名日志/数据文件时出错
ORA-01141: 重命名数据文件 6 时出错 - 未找到新文件
'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\TOOLS02.DBF'
ORA-01111: 数据文件 6 名称未知 - 请重命名以更正文件
ORA-01110: 数据文件 6: 'C:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\MISSING00006'
ORA-27041: 无法打开文件
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01113: ?? 4 ??????
ORA-01110: ???? 4: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF'

SQL> alter database datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF' offline;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.DBF' offline;
alter database datafile 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.DBF' offline
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01516: ????????, ????????? 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.DBF'

SQL> alter database open ;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database datafile 'MISSING00006' offline;  -->>注意只读表空间必须先offline,而且注意MISSING00006不能写全路径

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file  'MISSING00006' to 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOO
LS02.DBF';

数据库已更改。
SQL> alter tablespace tools online;

表空间已更改。

方法2
SQL> SHUTDOWN
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> STARTUP NOMOUNT
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  101784276 bytes
Fixed Size                   453332 bytes
Variable Size              75497472 bytes
Database Buffers           25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "testdb" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG

  2  --  SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
  3      MAXLOGFILES 5
  4      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  5      MAXDATAFILES 100
  6      MAXINSTANCES 1
  7      MAXLOGHISTORY 226
  8  LOGFILE
  9    GROUP 1 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
10    GROUP 2 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 100M,
11    GROUP 3 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 100M
12  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
13  DATAFILE
14    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\SYSTEM01.DBF',
15    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
16    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\INDX01.DBF',
17    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS01.DBF',
18    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\TOOLS02.DBF',  --创建语句中加入该数据文件
19    'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\testdb\USERS01.DBF'
20  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
21  ;

控制文件已创建

SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;

NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\INDX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\USERS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS02.DBF

已选择6行。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
*
ERROR 位于第 1 行:
ORA-01113: ?? 4 ??????
ORA-01110: ???? 4: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\TESTDB\TOOLS01.DBF'

SQL> RECOVER TABLESPACE TOOLS;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

数据库已更改。

##################################             
# [1.6] 使用备份的控制文件进行恢复
#                    
##################################

前面有很多例子